US6834198B1 - Method and device for cellular base station antenna optimization - Google Patents

Method and device for cellular base station antenna optimization Download PDF

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Publication number
US6834198B1
US6834198B1 US09/719,123 US71912301A US6834198B1 US 6834198 B1 US6834198 B1 US 6834198B1 US 71912301 A US71912301 A US 71912301A US 6834198 B1 US6834198 B1 US 6834198B1
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Prior art keywords
reception
base station
subscriber
radio base
transmission
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Expired - Fee Related
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US09/719,123
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English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Hachenberger
Klaus Jäckel
Mathias Reibe
Reinhard Schiffel
Joachim Seidel
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Q Cell GmbH
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Q Cell GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for a full-duplex-capable radio transmission system with DS-CDMA access, having a central radio base station and a plurality of subscriber stations which are independent of one another.
  • the information in the downlink which is intended for the individual users is frequently multiplexed into a telecommunications channel and transmitted organized as an access system in the uplink.
  • Examples of such systems are mobile radio systems, public trunked mobile radio systems, point-to-multipoint microwave radio systems and wireless local loop systems.
  • Orthogonal signal domains which differ from one another are used in each case for the multiplexing or multiple access, these signal domains being, for example,
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • time division multiplex or access system TDMA time division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiplex
  • SSMA read spectrum multiple access
  • the systems differ in that the transmission of information from and to the individual users takes place in separate frequency, time, code or spatial segment positions.
  • Interleaved, coupled or respectively different multiplex and access technologies within one system, so-called hybrid methods, have also become known.
  • different transmission parameters and transmission quality criteria can be obtained with these methods.
  • the user signal is coded by gating it with a spread function using logic operations, a separate spread function which is orthogonal to the other spread functions being selected for each subscriber station.
  • the logic operation is carried out here in each case by means of an X-OR gate, for example.
  • the coded signal can be demodulated through knowledge of the associated spread function, the coded user data for other subscriber stations becoming zero during the demodulation process owing to the orthogonality. It is particularly advantageous with CDMA systems that all the users can operate in the same frequency band and a relatively high degree of interference power in the band can be tolerated. Furthermore, under certain conditions it is possible that adjacent radio cells can operate on the same frequency band.
  • PG being the process gain or spread factor
  • E b /N o being the ratio of bit energy to interference power, necessary for the aimed-at bit error rate, at the demodulator.
  • the spread factor is the ratio of t bit to t chip and is typically between 10 1 and 10 4 .
  • the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of providing a method and a device for a full-duplex-capable radio transmission system with DS-CDMA access, in which the ratio of uplink transmission capacity with respect to downlink transmission capacity is improved.
  • one aspect of the present invention resides in dividing the reception antenna in its horizontal antenna characteristic into a plurality of reception segments which are each connected to an evaluation unit by means of which the reception segment with the best reception quality can be determined on a subscriber-specific basis and can be selected for the rest of the data processing.
  • the influence of interference of other, simultaneously transmitting subscriber stations is considerably reduced, since it is possible to assume that all the subscribers are separated from one another with approximately uniform spatial distribution in the region of influence of the base station reception antenna segments, and there is also no marked correlation between the subscriber location and parallel transmission.
  • the quality of the separation of the individual reception signals depends essentially on what transfer occurs as a result of the specific characteristic of the antennas, what interference occurs in the regions of the other respective antenna apertures as a result of multipath propagation and how many subscribers are transmitting simultaneously, considered statistically and instantaneously, in the spatial segment of an antenna.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block circuit diagram of a radio system having a central radio base station (prior art)
  • FIG. 2 shows a block circuit diagram of the radio base station for the transmission mode
  • FIG. 3 shows a signal profile for a spread function, a user signal and an encoded signal
  • FIG. 4 shows a subdivision of the horizontal antenna characteristic
  • FIG. 5 shows a block circuit diagram of the radio base in the reception mode
  • FIG. 6 shows a block circuit diagram for a common transmission/reception antenna of the radio base station
  • FIGS. 7 a-b show signal profiles with test sequences.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the radio system 1 which comprises a central radio base station 2 and a plurality of independent subscriber stations 3 .
  • the radio system 1 is of full-duplex design, i.e. each subscriber station 3 can transmit and receive user data, as can the radio base station 2 .
  • the transmission direction 4 from the radio base station 2 to a subscriber station 3 is designated as downlink
  • the transmission direction 5 from the subscriber stations 3 to the radio base station 2 is designated as uplink.
  • the user data for each subscriber station 3 must be specially coded so that the subscriber station 3 can detect and pass on the data intended for it.
  • the coding is carried out in DS-CDMA modulators 6 , each subscriber station 3 being assigned at least one DS-CDMA modulator 6 in the radio base station 2 .
  • the signals which are coded in this way are fed to a summation element 7 and broadcast via a transmitter 8 with associated transmission antenna 9 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates by way of example a spread function Sp which in the example illustrated is a pulse sequence with half the period length t chip .
  • the actual user signal D with the half period length t bit is gated with the spread function Sp with a logic operation so that a coded user signal CD is produced.
  • the coded user signal CD represents the output signal of an X-OR gate with the two input variables Sp and D.
  • the horizontal antenna characteristic of the transmission antenna 9 with an aperture X ⁇ Y o is illustrated by way of example, X being the ratio of the downlink transmission capacity with respect to the uplink transmission capacity.
  • X being the ratio of the downlink transmission capacity with respect to the uplink transmission capacity.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the reception branch of the radio base station 2 .
  • Said branch comprises DS-CDMA demodulators 10 , a switching matrix 11 , a controller 12 , an evaluation unit 13 , a digital reception bus 14 , a receiver 15 and reception antennas 16 .
  • the reception antennas 16 together have the same horizontal antenna characteristic as the transmission antenna 9 . Given three reception antennas 16 , each reception antenna 16 has, for example, an aperture of 120 20 so that the radio base station 2 is completely covered horizontally.
  • Each reception antenna 16 is connected to a receiver 15 .
  • Each receiver 15 comprises an input amplifier, a downconverter and a digitizer. At the output end, each receiver 15 is connected to the evaluation unit 13 and to the switching matrix 11 via the digital bus 14 .
  • the switching matrix 11 is controlled by means of the controller 12 and is connected at the output end to the DS-CDMA demodulators 10 .
  • the number of DS-CDMA demodulators 10 corresponds here to the number of simultaneously active subscriber stations 3 .
  • each reception antenna 16 receives signals from subscriber stations 3 which broadcast within its reception characteristic, it being possible for signals to be received from a subscriber station 3 by a plurality of reception antennas 16 .
  • These signals which are conditioned by the receivers 15 are then fed to the evaluation unit 13 .
  • the evaluation unit 13 determines successively for each individual subscriber station 3 the reception antenna 16 with which the signal from the subscriber station 3 was received best.
  • the results are then transferred from the evaluation unit 13 to the controller 12 which then actuates the switching matrix 11 in accordance with the results so that each DS-CSMA demodulator 10 is assigned the reception antenna 16 which is best for it.
  • each subscriber station 3 transmits a significant test frequency which can then be evaluated.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment with x-separate antennas 16 which are also simultaneously used as transmission antennas.
  • all the x antennas 16 are operated in parallel in the transmission mode, the uniformly distributed supply of power being ensured by means of a power divider 17 .
  • the switch-over between transmission mode and reception mode is carried out here by means of a TX-RX switch module 18 which is arranged between the power carrier 17 and the reception antenna 16 .
  • the TX-RX switch module 18 is set to transmission mode, i.e.
  • the reception antennas 16 are connected to the outputs of the power dividers.
  • the state which is illustrated by broken lines corresponds to the reception mode in which the reception antennas 16 are connected to the receivers 15 (not illustrated here).
  • beam-controlled antennas or smart antennas can also be used. It is possible to change the radiation characteristic with these antennas.
  • the directional information is superimposed by means of a baseband weighting and suitable interconnection of the individual reception branches. As a result, it is ultimately possible to improve the technical complexity of the antennas while simultaneously increasing the variety and flexibility with which certain antenna patterns can be set.
  • the evaluation of the reception quality is preferably realized by means of a test sequence before the actual transmission of user data. It is particularly convenient that the test sequence can be realized in a time-division duplex mode. Since the interference level with a large number of parallel transmissions may be too high to acquire reliable information on it, the delay time between transmission and reception is lengthened somewhat and used for a subscriber station 3 which is attempting to set up a link (incoming or outgoing) to initially transmit a test sequence.
  • This test sequence is evaluated in all the x-reception branches, for example by means of a matched filter. By reference to the reception result, precisely that branch which has supplied the best results is selected for the reception.
  • suitable measures must be taken to avoid collisions as a result of parallel transmissions of the test frequency by different subscriber stations 3 , or to minimize their effects. This can be achieved, for example, by polling methods and the transmission of subscriber-specific acknowledgments.
  • FIG. 7 a illustrates such a cycle for the radio base station 2 .
  • the radio base station 2 receives data D 1 from the subscriber stations 3 .
  • a test sequence 19 is transmitted from the radio base station 2 , one test sequence 19 which is significant for a specific subscriber station 3 or a group of subscriber stations 3 being preferably transmitted per cycle.
  • the transmission of user data D 2 to the subscriber stations 3 takes place.
  • the radio base station 2 receives a test sequence 20 from one subscriber station, or the subscriber stations 3 , before the cycle begins again.
  • test sequence 19 the test sequence 19 of the radio base station 2 is received and then subsequently, in the time period t 7 , the user data D 2 which are transmitted by the radio base station 2 are received.
  • the test sequence 20 is then transmitted to the radio base station 2 , and data D 1 are transmitted subsequent to that.
  • the primary function of the test sequence 20 is to determine the best reception branch in the radio base station 2 for transmissions from a specific subscriber station 3 .
  • the test sequences 19 , 20 it is also possible to synchronize the subscriber stations 3 in order to compensate differences in transit time between the individual subscriber stations 3 .
  • the method and the device can preferably be implemented in wireless local loop systems, since in these the stationary nature of the subscriber stations 3 and the existence of a service channel which controls the subscriber-dependent access to the radio channel are advantageously utilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
US09/719,123 1998-06-08 1999-06-01 Method and device for cellular base station antenna optimization Expired - Fee Related US6834198B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19825536 1998-06-08
DE19825536A DE19825536B4 (de) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung für ein vollduplexfähiges Funkübertragungssystem mit CDMA-Zugriff
PCT/EP1999/003774 WO1999065159A1 (de) 1998-06-08 1999-06-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung für ein vollduplexfähiges funkübertragungssystem mit cdma-zugriff

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US6834198B1 true US6834198B1 (en) 2004-12-21

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US (1) US6834198B1 (es)
EP (1) EP1086537B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1305666A (es)
AR (1) AR023315A1 (es)
AU (1) AU4604699A (es)
CA (1) CA2334658A1 (es)
DE (2) DE19825536B4 (es)
ES (1) ES2180309T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1999065159A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA200007178B (es)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030185289A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2003-10-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cordless modem for portable computers
US20060024061A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2006-02-02 Adaptive Optics Associates, Inc. Wavefront sensing system employing active updating of reference positions and subaperture locations on wavefront sensor
US7406295B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2008-07-29 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method for dynamically directing a wireless repeater
US7480486B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2009-01-20 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Wireless repeater and method for managing air interface communications
US20090149173A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2009-06-11 Sunrise Telecom Incorporated Wireless network profiling system
US8577781B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2013-11-05 Cunningham Trading Systems, Llc Method for scheduling future orders on an electronic commodity trading system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2644098A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-03 William J. Manis Wireless router
FR2896067B1 (fr) 2006-01-10 2009-12-11 Lyonnaise Eaux France Dispositif de tele-releve bi-directionnel de compteur d'eau par radio pour facturation selon les horaires de consommation.

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EP0454368A2 (en) 1990-04-19 1991-10-30 Ericsson GE Mobile Communications Inc. Adaptive diversity equipment arrangement for cellular mobile telephone systems
WO1995003652A1 (en) 1993-07-20 1995-02-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Walsh sequence generation for variable data rates
US5434578A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus and method for automatic antenna beam positioning
WO1995022210A2 (en) 1994-02-14 1995-08-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Dynamic sectorization in a spread spectrum communication system
EP0668668A1 (en) 1994-02-16 1995-08-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Mobile CDMA/TDD telecommunication system with transmission antennas selection means
US5479397A (en) 1991-04-02 1995-12-26 Airtouch Communications Of California CDMA transmission delay method and apparatus
WO1996008908A2 (en) 1994-09-06 1996-03-21 Interdigital Technology Corporation Wireless telephone distribution system with time and space diversity transmission
US5515378A (en) 1991-12-12 1996-05-07 Arraycomm, Inc. Spatial division multiple access wireless communication systems
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US6094165A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-07-25 Nortel Networks Corporation Combined multi-beam and sector coverage antenna array
US6104930A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-08-15 Nortel Networks Corporation Floating transceiver assignment for cellular radio
US6104935A (en) * 1997-05-05 2000-08-15 Nortel Networks Corporation Down link beam forming architecture for heavily overlapped beam configuration
US6108565A (en) * 1997-09-15 2000-08-22 Adaptive Telecom, Inc. Practical space-time radio method for CDMA communication capacity enhancement
US6407993B1 (en) * 1997-05-08 2002-06-18 Koninklije Philips Electronics N.V. Flexible two-way telecommunication system
US6519477B1 (en) * 1997-03-25 2003-02-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for channel estimation from received signals transmitted via a radio channel

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0352787A2 (en) 1988-07-28 1990-01-31 Motorola, Inc. High bit rate communication system for overcoming multipath
EP0454368A2 (en) 1990-04-19 1991-10-30 Ericsson GE Mobile Communications Inc. Adaptive diversity equipment arrangement for cellular mobile telephone systems
US5479397A (en) 1991-04-02 1995-12-26 Airtouch Communications Of California CDMA transmission delay method and apparatus
US5515378A (en) 1991-12-12 1996-05-07 Arraycomm, Inc. Spatial division multiple access wireless communication systems
WO1995003652A1 (en) 1993-07-20 1995-02-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Walsh sequence generation for variable data rates
US5434578A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus and method for automatic antenna beam positioning
WO1995022210A2 (en) 1994-02-14 1995-08-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Dynamic sectorization in a spread spectrum communication system
EP0668668A1 (en) 1994-02-16 1995-08-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Mobile CDMA/TDD telecommunication system with transmission antennas selection means
WO1996008908A2 (en) 1994-09-06 1996-03-21 Interdigital Technology Corporation Wireless telephone distribution system with time and space diversity transmission
WO1997023063A1 (en) 1995-12-15 1997-06-26 Nokia Telecommunications Oy A sectorized base station
US6519477B1 (en) * 1997-03-25 2003-02-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for channel estimation from received signals transmitted via a radio channel
US6104930A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-08-15 Nortel Networks Corporation Floating transceiver assignment for cellular radio
US6104935A (en) * 1997-05-05 2000-08-15 Nortel Networks Corporation Down link beam forming architecture for heavily overlapped beam configuration
US6407993B1 (en) * 1997-05-08 2002-06-18 Koninklije Philips Electronics N.V. Flexible two-way telecommunication system
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030185289A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2003-10-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Cordless modem for portable computers
US7406295B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2008-07-29 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method for dynamically directing a wireless repeater
US7480486B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2009-01-20 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Wireless repeater and method for managing air interface communications
US20060024061A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2006-02-02 Adaptive Optics Associates, Inc. Wavefront sensing system employing active updating of reference positions and subaperture locations on wavefront sensor
US20090149173A1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2009-06-11 Sunrise Telecom Incorporated Wireless network profiling system
US8577781B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2013-11-05 Cunningham Trading Systems, Llc Method for scheduling future orders on an electronic commodity trading system

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ES2180309T3 (es) 2003-02-01
AR023315A1 (es) 2002-09-04
CA2334658A1 (en) 1999-12-16
DE19825536B4 (de) 2005-05-19
DE19825536A1 (de) 1999-12-16
WO1999065159A1 (de) 1999-12-16
EP1086537A1 (de) 2001-03-28
CN1305666A (zh) 2001-07-25
DE59901308D1 (de) 2002-05-29
AU4604699A (en) 1999-12-30
ZA200007178B (en) 2001-03-14
EP1086537B1 (de) 2002-04-24

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