US679358A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

- Patented July 30, I90]. J. F. BRADY. STEAM TURBINE. (No Model.)

(Application filed Dec. 18, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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STEAM TURBINE.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNITED STATES JOHN F. BRADY, OF CHICAGO, ILIJINCIS.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart Of Letters Patent NO. 679,358, dated July 30, 1901.

Application filed December 18, 1899- Serial No. 740,718. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom, it new concern-s Be it known that I, JOHN F. BRADY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steam-turbines; and my object is to provide a series of stationary guides in combination with a series of movable steam expansion-chambers and passageways leading therefrom, whereby very high results are attained in the economical use of steam under high pressure, the same being described hereinafter, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical axial section, with the pivotal shaft in elevation, of one form of disk steam-turbine in which is shown the application of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a partial cross-section of four series of stationary guides on broken lines 11, Fig. 1, to illustrate several different usual forms of guides adapted to direct the steam in the desired direction to the movable expansion-chambers. Fig. 3 is a partial cross-section on broken line 11, Fig. 1, of four series of movable expansionchambers adapted to revolve in the same plane and all but one series between the several series of stationary guides shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a partial section on broken line 11, Fig. 1, showing the combination of the guidesand expansion-chambers illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 5 is a vertical axial section, except a small portion of the ends of the pivotal shaft in elevation, of a cylindrical steam-turbine to illustrate method of applying my combination of stationary guides and steam expansion-chambers to turbines of this class. Fig. 6 is a transverse section on broken line 11 12 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 isa plan of apor-- tion of the turbine illustrated in Fig. 5, with the outer casing and portions of two expansion-chamber rings broken away to plainly show the combination of guides and expansion-chambers as applied to cylindrical turbines. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 show, respectively,

front, side, and rear elevations of one of the expansion-chamber rings for the cylindrical turbine, with a portion shown broken away in Fig. 9 to illustrate the position and relative size of the expansion-chambers and the passageways for steam leading out of them.

Similar letters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

The two forms of steam-turbines illustrated in the drawings are not either shown or de scribed in every detail, for the reason that in this instance they are introduced to more plainly show the adaptability of the combination of ordinary stationary vanes or guides with my system of buckets or steam expansion-chambers and the passage-ways leading out of them tangentially relative to their movement and opposite to the angle of the guides.

In Fig. l is shown the usual form of a disk turbine, which consists of two stationary side walls A and B,which are held apart, so as to form an interspace, by means of a circular marginal case C, which receives the waste steam and discharges it downwardly into a hollow base and thence outwardly. Central bosses D and E are hollow and form the bearings for the pivotal shaft F. A disk G is firmly mounted upon shaft F, within the illterspace between A and B and at the center of width thereof.

Projecting inwardly around the side walls A and B are four circular series of guides I-I, each circular series being concentric with shaft F and each series separated bya circular space from the other, as shown in Fig. 2.

At each side of central revoluble disk G project four series of walls, so shaped that four series of expansion-chambers I are formed at each side of the disk, and each series is separated from the one adjacent bya space. Each of the expansion-chambers I is provided with a passage-way leading out of one end and tangentially to the circle of chambers and in an opposite direction to the tangential disposition of guides H, as seen in Fig. 4:.

Steam under pressure is admitted to a central distributing-chamber J through holes K and L and expands outwardly through the tangential passage-ways between the first circle of guides H, and thence against the front wall of each of the first series of expansion-' chambers I. Thence the steam passes outwardly through the passage-ways of the chambers, and its course is reversed by passing The manner of applying this combination of guides and expansion-chambers to steamturbines of the cylindrical class is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 10, inclusive, in which a multiplecylinder turbine is shown which comprises three succeeding cylindrical casings M, M, and M which are integral, and axially through. them is mounted to revolve a shaft N, having three succeedingdiameters of cylinders mounted thereon and indicated by N, N and N and each is smaller in diameter than the internal diameter of the cylindrical portion of the casing in which it is mounted, so that circular spaces are formed into which project from the casing guides O, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. Guides O are each disposed'at an angle to the center line of shaftN, as shown,

and each ring of guides forming a series is separated from the one adjacent by a space in i which is disposed the circular series of steam expansion-chambers P, (shown in Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9, and 10,) and which are attached to the shaft N and revolve with it. Steam is admitted at Q, and having a free passage-way around the first or smallest cylinder N of shaft N passes first between the end guides O at R, then into and out of the first series of expansion-chambers P, then between the second circle of guides O, thence into and out of the second circle of expansion-chambers P, and so on successively through the succeeding circles of guides and expansionchambers and out into the Waste-steam space S, the action of the steam serving to revolve shaft N in the direction indicated by arrows from at an angle to its movement, substantially as shown and described, would embody my invention, and more especially is this so if the passage-way leading out of the pocket should be of such a smallsize in comparison to the pocket or steam expansion-chamber as isshown in the drawings hereinbefore.

I claim as my-invention- I In a steam-turbine, a revolubly-mounted series of separated rings of expansion-chambers opening againstthe flow of steam, in combination with a series of separated rings of stationary separated vanes or blades with passage-ways for steam between them-sub- ,tending an angle to the movement of the expansion chambers, and passage ways for steam leading out of the expansion-chambers at an angle to their movement and contrary to the angles subtended by the passage-ways between the vanes or blades, for the purpose stated.

JOHN F. BRADY. Witnesses:

OSCAR SNELL, H. L. BROWN.

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