US6766322B1 - Real estate disclosure reporting method - Google Patents
Real estate disclosure reporting method Download PDFInfo
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- US6766322B1 US6766322B1 US09/663,152 US66315200A US6766322B1 US 6766322 B1 US6766322 B1 US 6766322B1 US 66315200 A US66315200 A US 66315200A US 6766322 B1 US6766322 B1 US 6766322B1
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- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99937—Sorting
Definitions
- the real estate disclosure reporting method provides a complete disclosure of all property-relevant issues based upon three important sources: the personal knowledge of the real estate professional; public records and agency databases; and an interview with a party to the transaction, typically the property owner.
- an itemized disclosure is made of specific aspects of other reports, such as soil, termite and title reports so that the user of the disclosure data has a clear picture of the entire disclosure process.
- One aspect of the real estate disclosure reporting method has the steps of compiling items of disclosure that are indicative of conditions that might impact property values and purchasing decisions, defining condition categories that are generally descriptive of real estate conditions and researching a particular property to determine known items of disclosure.
- the reporting method also has the step of generating a disclosure report that displays the known items of disclosure according to the condition categories.
- the reporting method may also have the steps of classifying the items of disclosure so that particular ones are associated with particular condition categories to create categorized items of disclosure and creating a disclosure form listing the categorized items according to the condition categories, where the disclosure form provides for an area near the categorized items of disclosure to indicate if particular items of disclosure are known.
- the compiling step has the substeps of identifying potential items of disclosure based upon disclosure requirements, testing a characteristic of the potential items so as to generate a master set of items of disclosure, and determining a priority subset of the master set by comparing the master set with the disclosure requirements.
- the characteristic may be comprehensiveness with respect to the disclosure requirements, narrowness in scope or mutual exclusiveness.
- the defining step has the substeps of identifying a set of commonalities of the items of disclosure, defining initial categories based upon the set of commonalities, and testing a characteristic of the initial categories to derive the condition categories.
- the characteristic may be comprehensiveness with respect to the items of disclosure, breadth of scope, or logical association of the items of disclosure.
- the researching step utilizes information from a primary source directly related to the property, a publicly available record or a third-party compiled document.
- the primary source is a researcher's personal knowledge of the property, observations of the property or interview of an owner of the property.
- the publicly available record is an online database, a government office record, or a law enforcement record.
- the third-party compiled document is a report, study, plan, survey, loan document, escrow document, insurance policy, lease, contract or aerial photo.
- the reporting step has the substeps of indicating on a primary form a priority set of the known items of disclosure so as to create a real estate disclosure report, and commenting on a supplemental form regarding a non-priority set of the known items of disclosure so as to create a supplemental disclosure report.
- a further substep may be providing on the primary form a general indication of the non-priority set of known items of disclosure.
- the classifying step has the substep of performing a predetermined sequence of condition category tests on the items of disclosure.
- the predetermined sequence may comprise testing an item for an impact on all property, a one time issue for a buyer, an environment-related condition, a conservation-related condition, a site-related condition, a natural condition, a building-related condition, an external condition, or a legal obligation.
- the creating step has the substeps of obtaining a blank media, dividing the media into partitions, and labeling the partitions according to the condition categories.
- a further step may be creating a supplemental disclosure form having a comment section, a legal notices section and a signature section.
- Another aspect of the disclosure reporting method has the steps of identifying items of disclosure, performing primary research to determine a first set of known items, accessing publicly available information to determine a second set of known items, and reporting the first set and the second sets according to categories that are generally descriptive of a class of real estate conditions.
- the performing step has the substeps of walking-through a property and interviewing an owner of the property.
- Yet another aspect of the real estate disclosure reporting method has the steps of creating a disclosure form having partitions and labeling the partitions according to corresponding categories that are generally descriptive of a class of real estate conditions. Further steps include identifying items of disclosure and listing the items of disclosure within the partitions according to the categories. In one embodiment, additional steps are determining a known item of disclosure for a specific property and providing an indication near a particular item of disclosure corresponding to the known item. In another embodiment are the further steps of creating a supplemental disclosure form having partitions, lining at least one partition for comments, printing legal notices in at least one other of the partitions, and providing a signature block in at least another one of the partitions.
- FIGS. 1A-B are a general block diagram of a real estate disclosure reporting method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of information sources for researching a property
- FIGS. 3A-B are a real estate disclosure form and a supplemental disclosure form, respectively;
- FIGS. 4A-B are a flowchart of the ID (item of disclosure) compiling process
- FIGS. 5A-B are a flowchart of the category defining process
- FIGS. 6A-B are a flowchart of the ID classifying process
- FIGS. 7A-B are a flowchart of the form creating process
- FIGS. 8A-C are a flowchart of the property researching process
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the report generating process
- FIGS. 10A-J are tables of ID categories and associated priority IDs
- FIG. 10A is a table listing IDs associated with general conditions
- FIG. 10B is a table listing IDs associated with transactional conditions
- FIG. 10C is a table listing IDs associated with distress conditions
- FIG. 10D is a table listing IDs associated with legal conditions
- FIG. 10E is a table listing IDs associated with external conditions
- FIG. 10F is a table listing IDs associated with building conditions
- FIG. 10G is a table listing IDs associated with soil conditions
- FIG. 10H is a table listing IDs associated with environmental conditions
- FIG. 10I is a table listing IDs associated with conservation conditions.
- FIG. 10J is a table listing IDs associated with natural conditions.
- FIGS. 11A-E are tables listing IDs that can be determined from researching particular types of secondary information sources
- FIG. 11A is a table listing IDs from government records
- FIG. 11B is a table listing IDs from police records
- FIG. 11C is a table listing IDs from Internet databases
- FIG. 11D is a table listing IDs from property profiles.
- FIG. 11E is a table listing IDs from other secondary information sources.
- FIGS. 1A-B illustrate an embodiment of the real estate disclosure reporting method according to the present invention.
- the reporting method 100 has an ID compiling process 110 , a category defining process 120 , an ID classifying process 130 , a form creating process 140 , a property researching process 150 , and a report generating process 160 .
- the compiling process 110 has as inputs various disclosure requirements 170 and outputs a master compilation of items of disclosure (IDs) 116 .
- the disclosure requirements 170 provide the legal and ethical framework for a variety of conditions that real estate professionals should disclose to parties that purchase or lend on a property.
- These disclosure requirements 170 include conditions that should be disclosed under federal law 172 and various state laws 174 , conditions that lenders typically consider when deciding to provide a loan secured by property 176 and conditions that otherwise might impact the market value of property 178 .
- the ID compiling process 110 utilizes these federal 172 , state 174 , lender 176 and market disclosure requirements 178 to identify various real estate related conditions and to determine those conditions which should be disclosed.
- These master IDs 116 include priority IDs 112 , non-priority IDs 114 , and associated definitions 118 .
- the priority IDs 112 determined by a particular application of the ID compiling process 110 include over one hundred conditions, listed in FIGS. 10A-J and described in the Priority ID Glossary, Appendix A.
- Non-Priority ID Glossary, Appendix B Additional IDs are described in the Non-Priority ID Glossary, Appendix B.
- the ID compiling process 110 , the priority IDs 112 and the non-priority IDs 114 are described in further detail with respect to FIGS. 4A-B, below.
- the ID classifying process 130 has condition categories 122 and the priority IDs 112 as inputs and categorized IDs 132 as an output.
- the category defining process 120 generates the condition categories 122 , which are general descriptions of various real estate conditions.
- the ID classifying process 130 associates various subsets of the priority IDs 112 with each of the condition categories 122 , resulting in the categorized IDs 132 .
- the categorized IDs 132 provide a tool for systematically performing the property researching process 150 .
- there are ten condition categories 122 there are ten condition categories 122 .
- the IDs can be classified according to these ten categories 122 as described with respect to FIGS. 10A-J, below.
- the category defining process 120 is described in further detail with respect to FIGS. 5A-B, below.
- the ID classifying process 130 is described in further detail with respect to FIGS. 6A-B, below.
- the property researching process 150 utilizes various information sources 180 and the categorized IDs 132 as inputs, applies these inputs to research a particular property of interest and outputs known IDs 152 for that property.
- the information sources 180 are characterized as primary sources 182 , secondary sources 184 and third-party sources 188 .
- Primary information sources 182 are the property itself and the property owner.
- Secondary information sources 184 comprise various publicly available records, databases and documents, which can be accessed for free or for a fee through an agency.
- Third-party information sources 188 comprise various reports, studies, plans, surveys and other documents that have been compiled by third-parties.
- the property researching process 150 utilizes the information sources 180 to determine if any of the IDs are known to exist and to garner associated details with respect to those IDs.
- the resulting known IDs 152 are the collective information gathered for disclosure of a property's condition.
- the information sources 180 are described in further detail with respect to FIG. 2 and FIGS. 11 A-E, below.
- the property researching process 150 is described in further detail with respect to FIGS. 8A-C, below.
- FIG. 1A further shows that the report generating process 160 has disclosure forms 142 , 144 and known IDs 152 as inputs and outputs disclosure reports 162 , 164 .
- the form creating process 140 generates a primary disclosure form 142 and a supplemental disclosure form 144 .
- the primary disclosure form 142 displays priority IDs 112 according to condition categories 122 along with a convenient way of indicating known IDs 152 .
- the supplemental disclosure form 144 provides blank areas for entering disclosure details, provides pre-printed legal disclaimers and provides signature lines.
- the disclosure forms 142 , 144 are advantageous tools for systematically performing the report generating process 160 .
- the report generating process 160 involves documenting information regarding the known IDs 152 into a primary disclosure report 162 and supplemental reports 164 .
- the primary disclosure report 162 provides a logical organization and presentation of a property's condition based upon the known IDs 152 .
- the supplemental reports 164 document details associated with particular ones of the known IDs 152 , provide notice of legal disclaimers, and are signed to acknowledge the disclosed conditions.
- the report generating process 160 could be partially or wholly incorporated within the property researching process 150 if the disclosure forms 142 , 144 are completed as the information sources 180 are consulted. In that case, completed disclosure forms 142 , 144 incorporating the known IDs 152 become partially or wholly completed disclosure reports 162 , 164 .
- Particular embodiments of the disclosure forms 142 , 144 are described with respect to FIGS. 3A-B, below.
- the form creating process 140 is described in further detail with respect to FIGS. 7A-B, below.
- the report generating process 160 is described in further detail with respect to FIG. 9, below.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the information sources 180 used in the researching process 150 (FIG. 1 A).
- primary information sources 182 are utilized to determine if any IDs are known for a specific property.
- a researcher typically a real estate professional, conducts a property walk-through 201 , obtaining personal knowledge of any IDs through direct observation of the property itself and the area surrounding the property.
- the researcher conducts an interview 203 of the property owner, obtaining the owner's personal knowledge of any IDs for the property and the surrounding area.
- These primary sources are applicable to any of the categories of known IDs 152 .
- secondary information sources 184 are also utilized to determine if any IDs are known for a specific property.
- these secondary sources 184 include government records 210 , police records 220 , Internet-searchable databases 230 , property profiles 240 and other secondary information 250 that is publicly available and relevant to the property, such as association dues, CC&R's, maps and MLS information.
- a researcher might visit a city planning department to access government records regarding zoning, building permits and similar IDs.
- the researcher could contact a title company for a property profile to determine assessments, bonds, building and land area, title ownership and similar IDs.
- FIG. 2 further shows that various third-party information sources 188 are used to determine if any IDs are known for a specific property.
- these third-party sources 188 include site surveys, architectural plans and appraisal reports that can determine known IDs categorized as general conditions 205 .
- Loan documents and escrow documents can determine known IDs categorized as transactional conditions 215 .
- police reports can determine known IDs categorized as distress conditions 225 .
- Insurance policies, leases and contracts and title reports can determine known IDs categorized as legal conditions 235 .
- Aerial photos can determine known IDs categorized as external conditions 245 .
- Property inspection reports and termite reports can determine known IDs categorized as building conditions 255 .
- property inspection reports along with soil reports can determine known IDs categorized as site conditions 265 .
- Phase I-II-III reports and environmental reports can determine known IDs categorized as environmental conditions 275 .
- Environmental impact reports can determine known IDs categorized as conservation conditions 285 , and special studies can determine known IDs categorized as natural conditions 295 .
- FIGS. 3A-B illustrate disclosure forms 300 , 350 , which can be used for specifying known IDs 152 (FIG. 1A) and providing a disclosure report 162 , 164 (FIG. 1 A), as described above.
- FIG. 3A illustrates a primary disclosure form 300 , which is partitioned into an introduction section 301 and multiple categorized sections 303 .
- the introduction section 301 has a background portion 310 and an information source portion 320 .
- the background portion 310 provides information regarding the report user, the disclosure date, property location and the property type, such as commercial or residential.
- the information source portion 320 has a list of the primary sources 182 , secondary sources 184 and third-party sources 188 , as described with respect to FIG. 2, above.
- Proximate to each of the listed sources 182 , 184 , 188 is an indicator area 307 for specifying that a particular source was utilized for determining known IDs.
- the indicator area 307 may be a check box for placing a checkmark or an “x.”
- each of the categorized sections 303 correspond to one of the condition categories 122 (FIG. 1A) described above. Accordingly, each of the categorized sections 303 has a label 305 that identifies the particular condition category 122 (FIG. 1A) to which the categorized section 303 corresponds. Listed within each of the categorized sections 303 are categorized IDs 132 corresponding to the section label 305 . Thus, each of the categorized sections 303 provide a listing of associated categorized IDs 132 . Proximate to each of the categorized IDs 132 is either an indicator area 307 for specifying that a categorized ID 132 is known or a comment area 308 for entering a note regarding a categorized ID 132 .
- the indicator area 307 may be a check box for placing a checkmark or an “x,” and the comment area 308 may be one or more underlines.
- Also provided in most of the categorized sections 303 are global indicators 309 for specifying that none of the listed IDs in a categorized section 303 are known or are as noted.
- Each categorized section 303 also provides a general indicator marked “Other” for noting known non-priority IDs, which would not be listed. Comments specifying such generally indicated IDs can be provided on a supplemental disclosure form 350 (FIG. 3 B), described below.
- FIG. 3B illustrates a secondary disclosure form 350 , which is partitioned into a comments section 351 , a notices section 353 and a signatures section 355 .
- the comments section 351 provides a lined space 360 for noting specifics regarding a non-priority ID 114 (FIG. 1A) or other condition that is flagged on the primary disclosure form 300 under “Items as noted.”
- the comments section 351 could also be used to provide commentary regarding a flagged priority ID 112 (FIG. 1 A).
- the notices section 353 contains preprinted legal disclaimers 370 .
- the signatures section 355 contains a “conditions accepted” signature block 380 for a party's acknowledgement that they have been given notice of the listed conditions.
- the signatures section 355 also contains “prepared by” and “supervisor” signature blocks 390 for professional acknowledgement of property inspection and associated research in conjunction with completion of the disclosure forms 300 (FIG. 3 A), 350 .
- FIG. 4A illustrates the first part of the ID compiling process 110 .
- disclosure requirements 170 are input 402 .
- Potential IDs are identified 404 , for example using tentative ID labels and descriptions based upon the real estate conditions the IDs disclose.
- Comprehensiveness is tested 410 to determine if the IDs meet all of the disclosure requirements 170 . If not, additional IDs are identified 412 and the IDs are retested 410 to determine if all disclosure requirements 170 are met. If so, ID breadth is tested 420 to determine if the identified IDs are sufficiently narrow in scope to adequately describe a real estate condition to an interested party. If not, then each overly-broad ID is recharacterized 422 as two or more IDs of narrower scope, and comprehensiveness is retested 410 .
- FIG. 4B illustrates the last part of the ID compiling process 110 , continuing from FIG. 4 A.
- the IDs are named and defined 440 , which generates a compilation or list of master IDs 116 and associated definitions 118 .
- Each of the master IDs 116 is compared 450 with the disclosure requirements 170 (FIG. 4 A). If an ID relates to Federal or state requirements 452 , the ID is identified as a priority ID 460 . If not, it is determined if the ID relates to common lender or market requirements 454 . If so, the ID is identified as a priority ID 460 , otherwise, it is not.
- FIG. 5A illustrates the first part of the category defining process 120 .
- priority IDs are inputted 502 from a compilation or list of priority IDs 112 .
- Commonalities are identified 504 among the priority IDs 112 from a review of priority ID names and definitions.
- initial categories are defined 508 , providing tentative descriptions or descriptive labels, for example.
- Comprehensiveness is tested 510 to determine if the defined categories have sufficient scope to include or cover all of the priority IDs 112 . If not, additional categories are defined 512 and category comprehensiveness is 510 to determine if all priority IDs 112 are included or covered.
- breadth is tested 520 , 530 to determine if the defined categories are sufficiently broad or narrow in scope to adequately classify the priority IDs into categories. This may require an iteration of the ID classifying process 130 , described with respect to FIGS. 6A-B, below. For example, if there are dozens of categories with only a few IDs being classified into each category or if there are only a few categories with many IDs being classified into each category, the resulting forms and the associated research and disclosure processes described herein may be less useful. Broadness is tested 520 to determine if there are too many categories or if the category definitions are too narrow in scope. If so, categories are combined or redefined into broader categories 522 and the comprehensiveness test 510 is repeated. Otherwise, narrowness is tested 530 , to determine if there are too few categories or if the category definitions are too broad in scope. If so, categories are split or redefined into narrower categories and the comprehensiveness test 510 is repeated.
- FIG. 5B illustrates the last part of the category defining process 120 , continuing from FIG. 5 A.
- category logic is tested 540 to determine if all the priority IDs can be rationally or sensibly associated with the defined categories. This may also require an iteration of the ID classifying process 130 , described with respect to FIGS. 6A-B, below. If the defined categories do not allow logical ID classification, the categories are redefined 542 and the comprehensiveness test 510 (FIG. 5A) and breadth tests 520 , 530 (FIG. 5A) are repeated.
- the categories are given generally descriptive names 550 , generating a compilation or list of condition categories 122 to complete the category defining process 120 .
- the category defining process 120 may be iterative with the ID classifying process 130 , described with respect to FIGS. 6A-B, immediately below.
- FIGS. 6A-B illustrate an embodiment of the ID classifying process 130 for a particular set of condition categories 122 (FIG. 1 A).
- condition categories and priority IDs are inputted 602 from a compilation or list of priority IDs 112 and a compilation or list of condition categories 122 .
- priority IDs are tested to determine if any impact all property 610 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the general category 612 .
- priority IDs are tested to determine if any are a one time issue for a buyer 620 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the transactional category 622 .
- priority IDs are tested to determine if any are environment related 630 .
- these IDs are assigned to the environmental category 632 .
- priority IDs are tested to determine if any are conservation related 640 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the conservation category 642 . Then, priority IDs are tested to determine if any are related to the site 650 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the site category 652 .
- priority IDs are tested to determine if any are related to natural conditions 660 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the natural category 662 . Following that, priority IDs are tested to determine if any are related to building conditions 670 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the building category 662 . Next, priority IDs are tested to determine if any are related to conditions external to the property 680 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the external category 682 . Then, priority IDs are tested to determine if any are related to legal obligations 690 . If so, these IDs are assigned to the legal category 692 . Finally, all remaining, i.e. unclassified priority IDs, are assigned to the distress category 694 .
- the ID classifying process 130 advantageously assigns the priority IDs 112 to condition categories 122 in a predetermined sequence. In this manner, IDs that can be classified within any of several condition categories are resolved into a single condition category.
- the general category test 610 is performed first, the transactional category test 620 is performed second and so on until assignment to the distress category 694 is performed last by default.
- an ID that might be classified, for example, as either environmental or external, such as a nuclear plant would be classified as environmental because the process performs the environmental category test 630 before the external category test 680 . That is, assignment of IDs 112 to condition categories 122 is prioritized according to this predetermined sequence.
- FIGS. 7A-B illustrate the form creating process 140 .
- FIG. 7A illustrates the creation of a primary real estate disclosure form 142
- FIG. 7B illustrates the creation of a supplemental real estate disclosure form 144 .
- blank media is obtained 702 , which may be, for example, physical paper, magnetic or other storage media or electronic media, such as a web page formatted with HTML or any other markup language for downloading to a browser over the Internet.
- categorized IDs are inputted 704 from a compilation or list of categorized IDs 132 .
- the media is partitioned 710 , and the partitions are labeled 720 according to the condition categories corresponding to the categorized IDs 132 .
- the categorized IDs are listed within the partitions according to assigned categories 730 . Categories are assigned according to the ID classifying process 130 (FIGS. 6 A-B), described above. Prompts are provided proximate the categorized IDs 740 . A prompt may be, for example, a blank box for placing an “x” or checkmark to indicate a known ID.
- the primary real estate disclosure form is stored and/or printed 750 . Copies of the resulting primary disclosure form 142 are then available for the report generating process 160 (FIG. 9 ), described below and to assist in conducting all or part of the property researching process 150 (FIGS. 8 A-C), also described below.
- the media is partitioned 708 .
- the media may be physical paper, magnetic or other storage media, or electronic media, for example.
- one or more of the partitions are labeled for comments 760
- one or more of the partitions are labeled for legal notices and disclaimers 770
- one or more of the partitions are labeled for signatures 780 .
- the supplemental real estate disclosure form is stored and/or printed 790 . Copies of the resulting supplemental disclosure form 144 are then available for the report generating process 160 (FIG. 9 ).
- FIGS. 8A-C illustrate the property researching process 150 .
- categorized IDs are inputted 802 from a compilation or list of categorized IDs 132 .
- Primary research is performed 810 , described with respect to FIG. 8B, below.
- secondary research is performed 830 , described with respect to FIG. 8C, below.
- any available third-party sources are accessed 850 .
- any known IDs are documented 870 , as determined from the primary 810 , secondary 830 and third-party 850 research, to generate a compilation or list of known IDs 152 and associated comments or notes.
- FIG. 8B illustrates the primary research portion 810 of the property researching process 150 (FIG. 8 A).
- the researcher notes any personal knowledge they have of IDs 812 .
- a property walk-through is performed 814 , where the researcher notes any obvious IDs. Further, the researcher interviews the property owner and notes the owner's knowledge of any IDs 818 .
- FIG. 8C illustrates the secondary research portion 830 of the property researching process 150 (FIG. 8 A).
- the researcher accesses property profile databases 832 , which may be available over the Internet, and downloads a property profile 834 .
- the researcher also accesses any other databases available over the Internet 836 and downloads any property-related data 838 accordingly.
- the researcher also visits local, state or Federal government offices 842 to review any property-related records that may be available.
- the researcher visits local law enforcement offices 844 to review, for example, their records of any property-related incidents.
- the researcher accesses any other property-related data 846 , such as maps, market studies, homeowner association records and multiple-listing service (MLS) documents.
- MLS multiple-listing service
- FIG. 9 illustrates the report generating process 160 .
- known IDs are inputted 902 .
- These known IDs 152 are compiled during the property researching process 150 (FIGS. 8A-C) and may include, for example, records and other printed data, notes and recollections of a researcher, and checkmarks or other indications and comments that a researcher has made on the primary and supplemental real estate disclosure forms 142 , 144 .
- the primary and supplemental real estate disclosure forms are inputted 904 , 906 .
- the primary and supplemental real estate disclosure forms 142 , 144 are generated from the form creating process 140 (FIGS. 7 A-B), described above.
- Known priority IDs are indicated on the primary disclosure form 910 .
- known non-priority IDs are generally indicated on the primary disclosure form 920 , such as marking “Other,” and comments regarding these known non-priority IDs are made on the supplemental disclosure form 930 .
- the completed primary disclosure form the completed supplemental disclosure forms are provided 940 , 950 as a primary real estate disclosure report 162 and associated supplemental real estate disclosure reports 164 , along with other relevant attachments, e.g. maps. Real estate professionals can then present these generated reports 162 , 164 to various interested parties for signature and satisfaction of the requirements, obligations or needs to disclose the condition of a particular property.
- FIGS. 10A-J illustrate categorized IDs 132 , described generally with respect to FIG. 1A, above.
- ten condition categories 122 (FIG. 1A) are determined. These are (I) general; (II) transactional; (III) distress; (IV) legal; (V) external; (VI) building; (VII) site; (VIII) environmental; (IX) conservation; and (X) natural conditions.
- the general condition category encompasses conditions that impact all property.
- FIG. 10A illustrates general categorized IDs 1005 .
- the transactional condition category encompasses one-time issues for a buyer.
- FIG. 10B illustrates transactional categorized IDs 1015 .
- the distress condition category encompasses any tragedy or perceived future potential tragedy associated with a property.
- FIG. 10C illustrates distress categorized IDs 1025 .
- the legal condition category encompasses legal obligations on the part of a property owner.
- FIG. 10D illustrates legal categorized IDs 1035 .
- the external conditions category encompasses “externalities” that may have an influence on a property.
- FIG. 10E illustrates external categorized IDs 1045 .
- the building condition category encompasses the design, construction or condition of a building or a building's improvements.
- FIG. 10F illustrates building categorized IDs 1055 .
- the site condition category encompasses the geotechnical condition of a property.
- FIG. 10G illustrates site categorized IDs 1065 .
- the environmental condition category encompasses actual or potential contamination issues.
- FIG. 10H illustrates environmental categorized IDs 1075 .
- the conservation condition category encompasses wildlife or habitat issues.
- FIG. 10I illustrates conservation categorized IDs 1085 . Natural conditions encompass any force of nature.
- FIG. 10J illustrates
- FIGS. 11A-E illustrate IDs 112 that can be researched by accessing secondary research sources 184 (FIG. 1 B), which are described with respect to FIGS. 1B and 2, above.
- secondary information sources 184 FIGS. 11A-E illustrate IDs 112 that can be researched by accessing secondary research sources 184 (FIG. 1 B), which are described with respect to FIGS. 1B and 2, above.
- FIG. 11A illustrates those IDs that can be researched by accessing government records 210 .
- FIG. 11B illustrates those IDs that can be researched by accessing police records 220 .
- FIG. 11 C illustrates those IDs that can be researched by accessing Internet databases 230 .
- FIG. 11D illustrates those IDs that can be researched by reviewing property profiles 240 .
- FIG. 11E illustrates those IDs
- Any airport such as municipal, national, international or military, that creates noise contours over other properties.
- asbestos Natural mineral mined from rock and used in construction. Properties include noncombustibility, corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, and both thermal and electrical insulating capability.
- assemblage A collection of two or more parcels by one property owner.
- the buyer may (but not always) pay a premium over the market value because of the buyer's special motivations associated with the buyer's use of the combined parcels.
- association dues The requirements to pay dues to an association that is a legal obligation of the property owner.
- a low-lying area used to collect water or other fluids.
- bonds A loan where the payments are a legal obligation of the property owner.
- a communications tower that is used to transmit radio and cell telephone calls.
- CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. Often referred to as the Superfund Act. This are further delineated between active (still in use) and inactive (no longer in use) sites.
- daycare A registered facility to provide daytime care to pre-school age children.
- deed restriction A recorded restriction on the use of the property.
- EIFS Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems, which are pre-formed stucco-textured sheets.
- FDIC sale A sale by the Federal Deposit and Insurance Corporation.
- ground lease The rental of a site for a specified period and at specified terms.
- habitat area A property that has been designated as a special conservation area due to it's habitat.
- historic site A property that has been designated as a historic site by a governmental entity.
- infestation An invasion of insects, plants, or animals that disrupts a property's use or value.
- LUST Leaking underground storage tank.
- metals A classification of possible contaminants such as mercury or lead.
- molds A growth of fungus or other molds on a property, typically in cold or damp areas.
- occupancy The occupants of a property, such as owner-occupied, tenant, vacant, etc.
- pesticide A substance that controls agricultural pests, such as demeton, guthion, malathion, mirex, methoxychlor, and parathion.
- Radioactive Having unstable atoms that decay or break down to another kind of atom.
- the process emits high-energy particles.
- radium decays to form radon.
- Radiation includes high-energy particles, which include alpha and beta particles and gamma rays.
- radon A colorless and odorless gas that is emitted from decaying uranium deposits.
- the gas may enter improvements through cracks and create a health hazard if inhaled.
- REO Sale The sale of foreclosed real estate by the lender.
- the proprietary right to be offered a property for sale or lease before it can be another offer can be accepted.
- shoreland A site that is located by a body of water.
- sinkhole An opening in the earth created by either natural or man-made subterranean activities. For example, if a tunnel fails, it may create a sinkhole.
- slope creep A natural landslide that occurs at a very slow rate.
- state superfund A property that has been placed on a specific state list of environmentally contaminated properties.
- tenant purchase A transaction where the tenant purchases the property that they are leasing.
- termites A small insect that feeds on wood. An infestation of termites can damage or destroy a wood-frame structure.
- tower fall zone The area that may be impacted in the event of a tower falling.
- treatment-storage A facility that stores or treats environmentally contaminated materials.
- tidal wave A large wave usually caused by an earthquake or an underwater landslide. While unpredictable and unpreventable, they tend to impact certain zones or areas.
- Tunneling Drilling or trenching for the placement of underground passages for utility lines, subways, trains, roads, or other uses. Tunnels can cause a diminution in value if the market perceives that they may not be structurally sound or may fail in the event of a seismic event, such as an earthquake.
- wetlands Areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater, such as lakes, swamps, marshes, bogs, sloughs, quagmire, wet meadows, river overflows, mud flats, lagoons, and ponds.
- a storage reservoir device that is situated above grade so that the entire surface area, including the bottom, can be visually inspected.
- amended water Mixture of water and surfactant.
- aquatic flora Any plant life associated with the aquatic ecosystem, such as algae, seaweed, etc.
- a subterranean geological formation that is capable of supplying a significant amount of water to a well or spring.
- benzene A fuel additive that is 2% to 4% of gasoline; a known carcinogen.
- blast zone The area impacted by the explosion of a bomb, volcano, or other situation.
- blowdown The discharge of recirculating water for the purpose of discharging materials within the system. This eliminates the buildup of materials that could cause damages.
- brackish marsh A marsh, bog, or swamp that receives an influx of both salt and fresh water.
- brownfield A large site that has been contaminated from operations on the site. Upon remediation, it may be referred to as a greenfield.
- BTEX BTEX. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene—primary toxins of soils and groundwater associated with petroleum products.
- carcinogen A cancer-causing substance.
- a pipe or tubing lowered into a borehole in order to support the sides of the hole, or to prevent water or gas from entering or exiting the hole.
- cementing The injection of cement slurry into a drilled hole or behind the casing.
- a mass of impermeable or less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to an aquifer.
- contaminant Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance in the soil, water, or air.
- a substance that is designed to form a protective film against rust or other corrosion is designed to form a protective film against rust or other corrosion.
- covenant A promise to use or not use a property in a specific way.
- diatomaceous earth filtration A water filtering process whereby a coat or “cake” of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited over a membrane (septum) and water is passed through.
- waste disposal system A system of man-made or natural barriers that isolate spent nuclear fuel or radioactive waste or other contaminants.
- distillation A water purification technique that purifies water by heating the water and condensing the steam. The process reduces salt concentration but is ineffective in removing pesticides and volatile organic contaminants such as benzene or chloroform.
- EMFs electromagnetic fields
- encapsulant Liquid substances that are applied to contaminants to prevent their escape. Bridging encapsulants form a coating over the contaminant's surface. Penetrating encapsulants soak into the contaminants to bind its components together. Both types are frequently used together.
- a contamination remediation process that encapsulates the contaminants to prevent leaching and surface seepage of contamination into either the air, groundwater, or storm drainage system.
- a washroom, holding area, and uncontaminated area for handling materials and equipment.
- formaldehyde A liquid that is used to preserve woods and other materials and sometimes used in construction processes.
- hazardous materials A material that is determined by qualified engineers to be poisonous, reactive, flammable, corrosive, toxic, or that has been designed as such by a governmental or regulatory agency.
- HEPA High-efficiency particulate air—e.g., HEPA filter or HEPA vacuum—that filters asbestos fibers.
- hydrophytic plants Plants that grow in or near water, in wet habitats, or in hydric soils.
- a storage device where any portion is located below grade, thereby preventing a visual inspection of the external bottom surface.
- ingress diminution The entire or partial loss of the ability to enter or access a site.
- kangaroo rat A rodent that has been designated as endangered by some governmental agencies and thereby may create development constraints.
- a contract to transfer property upon the payment of the terms of a contract is a contract to transfer property upon the payment of the terms of a contract.
- waste or contaminants on the land such as a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome or salt bed formation, underground mine, cave, bunker, or vault.
- landfill A site that is used for trash disposal. May cause environmental problems or neighborhood nuisances.
- a liquid such as suspended compounds in liquid, that has percolated through or drained from hazardous materials.
- the leased fee The interests of the landlord.
- the rate specified in the lease may differ from the market over time.
- the leasehold The interests of the tenant.
- the terms of the lease may differ from the market over time.
- littoral zone The area between the low tide water mark and the high tide water mark.
- the risk, if any, associated with the ongoing stage of a detrimental condition analysis includes the reluctance on the part of the real estate market to buy a property that has historically been damaged or tainted. Sometimes called stigma.
- Hard, non-friable material e.g., concrete
- that contains asbestos e.g., concrete
- MCL maximum contaminant level
- monitoring facility Equipment installed to monitor groundwater below or near an encapsulated site. Used to test if seepage or leaching is occurring on an encapsulated site.
- MRI release The escape of magnetic fields from a medical diagnostics device.
- Methyl tertiary butyl ether a gasoline additive.
- non-source property A property that is contaminated, although the discharge of the contaminant occurred on another property—i.e., not the responsible party.
- NPPL National Priority Pollutants List, a list of common pollutants caused by underground storage tank facilities.
- oil-fuel tanks Any tanks, both subterranean or above-grade, used for the storage of any oil or fuel.
- oil seepage The leakage of oil, possibly from natural underground deposits or from leaking containers or plumbing.
- the third stage in a detrimental condition analysis. It includes all costs associated with a damaged property after all repairs or remediation have been completed—e.g., additional financing or insurance costs, use, and market resistance.
- O&M operations and maintenance
- An ongoing maintenance program for contaminated properties For example, for asbestos it could include training, HEPA vacuuming, wet cleaning, and air monitoring. This is also termed end removal, as the contaminants remain until the eventual demolition of the building.
- PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls. Sometimes found in electrical or hydraulic equipment.
- PCE Perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene, nicknamed perk. A solvent often used for dry cleaning and other uses.
- permeability A measure of a material's ability to transmit water.
- a contaminant such as dredged soil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, or radioactive materials.
- potable water supply A water supply that is fit for human consumption.
- the second stage in detrimental condition analysis. It includes all the costs of repairs or remediation resulting from a detrimental condition, including the repair and incidental costs, contingencies, use issues, and the project incentive.
- reverse osmosis A water purification process used to remove salts, such as for sea water. The process yields drinking water and salt residues.
- riparian habitats Areas in water courses that are the home of associated animal and plant life.
- rolling option An option to lease or purchase a property that continues or “rolls over” based upon specified conditions.
- RTC Sale The sale of property by the Resolution Trust Corporation.
- sea water percolation Underground sea water that passes through soils and seeps to ground level.
- shear strength An engineering term used to describe a soil or structure to resist applied forces that causes or tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relative to each other.
- sludge A solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a waste water treatment plant, less the treated effluent.
- a type of remediation process that involves the digging of contaminated soil from the subsurface, where it is treated or disposed of.
- solder A metal compound used to seal plumbing joints. Solder compounds containing lead are now banned.
- Aboveground or underground tanks that are used for storing fluids, such as gasoline or propane.
- stratum A sedimentary bed or layer that generally consists of the same kind of soils or rock material.
- surfactant Wetting agent that enhances the penetration of water.
- SVOC Semi-volatile organic compounds.
- TCE Trichloroethylene, or trichloroethene, a solvent.
- toxicity The level to which a substance is toxic.
- TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbons, typically measured by levels of BTXE.
- unidentified substance containers A drum or other container holding unidentified substances suspected of being hazardous or containing petroleum products.
- a type of remediation process that removes the majority of contaminants through the use of one or more suction wells, or a series of air injection and suction wells.
- the method is typically less disruptive than soil excavation and may be less expensive than other techniques involving excavation.
- VOC Volatile organic compounds.
- waste water A liquid (including storm water) that discharges into a tunnel, drain, ditch, or stream.
- a series of three temporary rooms for entering or exiting a contaminated work site are the clean room (adjacent to the outside or uncontaminated area), the shower room, and the equipment room (dirty room).
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/663,152 US6766322B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2000-09-15 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US10/873,992 US7584167B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-06-22 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US12/584,199 US7945530B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2009-08-31 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US13/108,948 US8630974B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2011-05-16 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21377800P | 2000-06-23 | 2000-06-23 | |
US09/663,152 US6766322B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2000-09-15 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/873,992 Continuation US7584167B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-06-22 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US6766322B1 true US6766322B1 (en) | 2004-07-20 |
Family
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US09/663,152 Expired - Fee Related US6766322B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2000-09-15 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US10/873,992 Expired - Fee Related US7584167B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-06-22 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US12/584,199 Expired - Fee Related US7945530B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2009-08-31 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US13/108,948 Expired - Fee Related US8630974B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2011-05-16 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/873,992 Expired - Fee Related US7584167B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-06-22 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US12/584,199 Expired - Fee Related US7945530B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2009-08-31 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
US13/108,948 Expired - Fee Related US8630974B2 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2011-05-16 | Real estate disclosure reporting method |
Country Status (1)
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Also Published As
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US7945530B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
US20100094764A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
US20110218929A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
US8630974B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
US7584167B1 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
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