US666954A - Relay. - Google Patents

Description

Patented 1an. 29, |90l. S. G. BROWN.

R E L A Y.

(Application ed Mar. 15, 1899,)

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No. 666,954. Patsnied lan. 29,1901.

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RELAY.

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No. 666,954. Patented 1an. 29, |901. S. G. BROWN. RELY.

(Applicltion Med Mu. 15, 1899. (No Model.) 4 .She'ets-Sheet 3.

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no.' 666,954.' Patented 1an. 29, 190|.

S. G. BROWN.

RELAY.

(Application med nur. 15, 1899)' (lo Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,y

SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, OF BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND.

RELAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of'Letters Patent N O. 666,954, dated January 29, 1901.

Application filed March 15, 1899. Serial No. 709,150. (No model.)

To L7/Z whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that LSIDNEY GEORGE BROWN, electrician, a citizen of the United States, residing at Van Buren, Poole road, Bournemouth, in the county of Hants, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Relays for Use on Telegraph, Cable, and other Lines, of which the following is a specification. A

This invention relates to improvements in relays for use on submarine cable and other telegraph lines.

The unsuitability of ordinary relays arises :f rom the character of the arrival-current from long cable-circuits, especially if worked at fast Siphon-recorder speed, where the signals are read more from their general outline than from any definite movement of the Siphonarm. It is therefore important that the relay should magnify the arrival-currents in a continuous manner. v

Now this invention has for its object the continuous amplification of the arrival signaling-currents, whereby less-sensitive recording instruments may be used and repetition or translation from one line-section to another may be edected without appreciably reducing the speed of signaling.

According to this invention I employ the feeble arrival-current from the main line to operate means for inducing a stronger relaycurrent.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readilyl carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a diagrammatic view of one arrangement of apparatus according to my invention in which I employ two suspended coils. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a slight modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement in which no rectifier is employed in the relay-circuit. Eig. 4 shows an arrangement of apparatus connected in parallel in which one suspended coil only is used. Eig. 5 shows an arrangement of apparatus connected in series in which one suspended coil only is used. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement of apparatus in which two stretched wires replace the suspended coils.

Referring to Fig. l, A is a light-wire coil delicately suspended in the field of an altermating-current magnet d, and B is another light-Wire coil delicately suspended in the field of a powerful direct-current electro or 4permanent magnet b and connected to the coil A by a suitable strip of insulating inaterial C. The coils A and B are normally suspended so that their planes are parallel to the north and south lines of their respective magnets and that they are capable of turning on their central longitudinal axes.

D is an electric battery, the direct current from which is conducted by Wires (l d through a rotating commutator or transformer E, whence it is conducted as an alternating current by Wires a a to excite the magnet ct. I preferably insert a condenser K in the alternating-current circuit a to neutralize self-induction in the coils of the magnet a.

F E are wires for conducting the induced current from the coil A to a rotating commutator or rectifier e, whence it passes as a direct current to the relay-circuit G G. The commutators E and e are mounted, preferably, on the same spindle, so as to work in step.

H H are the main-line conductors, connected to the coil B.

Referring to Fig. 2, the coils A and B, instead of being suspended one beneath the other, are placed side by side and connected by two silk cords c c or their equivalent, the arrangement of the apparatus in this case being otherwise the same as that shown in Eig. l. I prefer to place the ends of the cords c c attached tothe coil B farther apart than the opposite ends ofthe said cords, attached to the coil A, in order to obtain as great a movement Aas possible in the coil A.

Under normal conditions the coils A and B remain stationary; but upon the arrival-current from the main line circulating in the coil B this coil is turned out of its plane and being connected to the coil A turns the latter coil also out of its plane, so that the magnetic lines of force from the alternating-current magnet a cut it and induce a voltage proportional to the sine of the angle of deflection. This induced alternating current passes through the conductors E tothe rectifier c, from whence it passes as a direct current to IOO the relay current-circuit G G. If therefore a siphon recorder or relay or othersuitable instrument or instruments are inserted in this relay-circuit, the induced voltage will cause a current to flow which will Work such instrument or instruments.

K2 is a condenser which mayor may not be shnnted, with a resistance Rfor neutralizing the self-ind uction, if any, in the relay-circuit. If the relay-ci rcuit possessed capacity in place of self-induction, then K2 would be replaced by a coil possessing self-induction. K2 and R maybe placed not where shown, but the other side of the rectifier c, in series with the leads F F. By thus altering the value ofthe capacity or self-induction in the outside suspended-coil relay-circuit the suspended coil can be iliade to alter its period of vibration. For instance, by adding capacity to the suspended-coil circuit the suspended coil has a tendency to twist itself out of the magnetic field, while if self-induction is added tothe suspended-coil circuit the suspended coil has a tendency to move in the opposite direction or back into the magnetic iield. lt is therefore essential that the outside suspended-coil relay-circuitshould possess the properamount of capacity or self-induction for correct working. In the same way the alternating-current coil A could be made to work more efiiciently `and effectively when any of the leads F F or G G are short-cireuited by condensers, resistances, or induction-shunts; but what their value should be or where placed entirely depends upon the character ot the receiving` instrument placed across the leads G G.

Referring to Fig. 3, a similar construction to the foregoing figures is here shown, B being the coil suspended in the field of the direct-current magnet b; A, the coil suspended in the field of the alternating-current magnet d; c c, the cords connecting the coils A and B, and H H the main-line conductors connected to the coil B. In this arrangement, however, the rectifier is dispensed with, the indneed-alternating-current conductors F F being directly connected to a third coil Ait, suspended in the field of an alternating-current magnet a. The alternating-enrrent magnets are excited by a transformer or its equivalent, one of the circuits having a condenser Ki" in circuit. The arrival-current operates the coils A and B, as previously described, and the induced current passing4 through the coil A* causes movements therein which may be employed to operate a pointer and stops or other instrument or instruments. The condenser Ki" alters the relative position with respect to time of the rise and fall of the magnetic fields of the magnets d and di, and thus prevents, as far as possible, any back action of the induced current in the suspended coil of the magnet a* on that of the suspended coil in the magnetic field of the magnet a.

Referring to Fig. 4, a single coil A is suspended in a plane parallel to the north and south poles of an electromagnet u, excited by a fiuctuating direct current produced by a battery D, having in circuit a transformer I, or other suitable means may be employed for producing this fiuctuating direct current. H H are the main-line conductors, and F F are the induced-alternating-current conductors. e is a rotating rectifier mounted in the same spindle with a synchronous motor E. G G are the relay-circuit conductors, and li is an induction-coil. Then the arrival main-line current passes through the coil A, the latter is turned out of its plane, and consequently cut by the fiuctuating magnetic lilies of force of the magnet a and an alternating current thereby induced which passes by the conductors F F, through the rectifier e, and thence as a direct current to t-he relay-circuit G G. The coil L resists the alternating induced current and prevents its passing back to the main line, while at the same time allowing the direct main-line current to pass. It will be understood that the transformer Z may be replaced by any other means for producing an alternating current-say by means similar to those shown in Fig. l-or an alternator may replace l directly, when the rectifier c could for convenience be coupled directly to the shaft. The battery D may also be replaced by other means for producing a direct current, such as a dynamo. It will be also understood that the suspended coil A may not only consist of a one-coil circuit, but might also consist of two or more circuits fastened together in parallel. lf there were two divisions in the coil A, the current from the lines H H might pass around one of these, while the other might be exclusively reserved for the relay-current F F G G.

Referring to Fig. 5, a single coil A is suspended in a plane parallel to the north and south poles of a f1uctuatiiig-direct-current magnet excited as described with reference to Fig. t. H H are the main-line conductors. F F conduct the induced current through the commutator e, and G G is the relay-circuit. E is the synchronous motor. Ll and L2 are induction-coils. l L3 is an inductive or magnetic shunt. K' and Kgare condensers. The arrival-currentpassing through the coil A turns it out ot' its plane, and an alternating current is induced, as previously described. This induced alternating current passes by the current F F through the rectifier e and thence as a direct current tothe relay-circuit GG. Theinductive shuntLprevents theinduced alternating current returning directly to earth, but allows the direct main-line current to pass. The arrangement of the condenser K and the induction-coil L2 enables the induced alternating current to return by the main-line conductor if L is placed in the line and at the same time prevents the direct main-line current being short-circuited. 'lhe condenser K2, placed across the leads G G, short-circuits the said leads and allows alternating currents to pass, while opposing the passage of direct currents. Any direct cur- TIO rent that may pass through the rectiiier c `from the leads F becomes an alternating current in the leads Gr, and such alternating cu rrent is short-circnited by the condenser K2 before it can reach instruments placed in the relay-circuit. A-direct current on one side oi. the rectilier e becomes an alternating current on the other side of the said rectifier, and itis obvious thatitis not necessary to ein.- ploy both the condenser Kzand the inductive shunt L3, although in practice I prefer to do so. Moreover, as in. Fig. l, capacity and selfinduction would be placed in any convenient part oi the circuit. to neutralize any inductive or capacity effects on the suspended coil A. The induction-coil L' may be placed in the mai n circuit for the same purpose as in Fig. 4t.

Referring to Fig. G, A and B are Wiresrespectively stretched between suitable terminal screws. b may be a permanent magnet, between the poles of which the Wire B passes. II H are the main-linee onductors, and K3 is the usual receiving-condenser in the mainline circuit. K'L is a condenser to neutralize self-induction in the coils of the magnet ct. u, is an alternating-current electromagnet, between the poles of which the wire A passes. il is a strip of paper or its equivalent connecting the stretched Wires A and B. Z is a transformer or its equivalent, for exciting the electromagnet c. Z2 is a compensating transformer which might have been Wound on the alternating electromagnet a and is for the purpose of preventingr the stretched wire A lfrom inducing any voltage when at rest. E is a synchronous motor, and eis a rectifier mounted on the same spindle. F F are the induced-alternating-current conductors, and G G is the direct-relay-current circuit. When the arrival-current passes through the stretched Wire B, situated in the field of the magnet b, it causes the said Wire to move out of its normal position, and as the Wire Bis connected to the Wire A by the strip t' the wire A will also move out of its normal position in the lield of the alternating-current magnet a and an alternating current will be induced which passes through the commutatoreto the relay-circuit. The stretched wires A and B will be seen to merely replace the suspended coils, (shown in Figs. l and2,) and it is obvious that a single stretched Wire may be used in a similar manner to the single-coil, (shown in Figseand 5,) a compensating transformer being general ly requi red to prevent the l. In telegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating current electroniagnet, means included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the `field of said magnet and adapted to be moved by the signaling-currents received from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, and means for enabling the said relay currents to operate instruments in the relay-circuit, si'xbstantially as described.

2. In telegraphic relay apparatus an alternating current electromagnet, means included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the iield of said magnet and adapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, and means for converting said alternating relay-currents into direct currents for operating instruments in the relaycircuit, substantially as described.

3. In telegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating-current electromagnet,aJ condenser for neutralizing self-ind uction in the coils of said electromagnet, and a coil included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the field of the alternating-current electromagnet and adapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, substantially as described.

4t. In telegraphic relay apparatus, an altermating-cu rrent electroni agnet,a condenser for neutralizing self-induction in the coils of said electromagnet, a coil included in the relaycircuit and suspended in the iield of the alternating-current electromagnet and adapted to be moved by the signaling-currents from a line or cable, and means for converting the alternating currents induced in the coil, When thus removed, into direct currents for operating instruments in thel relay-circuit, substantially as described.

5. In telegrapliic relay apparatus a coil suspended in the iield of a direct-current magnet and adapted to be moved by the arrival signaling-currents from a line, another coil suspended in the field of an alternating-current magnet and attached to the first-mentioned coil so as to move therewith and t0 induce an alternating relay-current, and a rectifier through which the said alternating induced current passes before being led to instruments inl the relay-circuit, substantially as described forthe purpose specified.

6. In telegrapliic relay apparatus, an alternating-current electromagnet means included in the relay-circuit and suspended in the field of said magnet and adapted to be moved by signaling-currents received from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relay-currents, means for enabling the said relay-currents to operate instruments in the relay-circuit, and means for neutralizing self-induction and capacity in the relay-circuit, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

7. In t-elegraphic relay apparatus, an alternating current electromagnet, means included in the relay-circuitand suspended in the iield of said magnet and adaptedA to be moved by signaling-currents received from a line or cable so as to induce alternating relaycurrents, a rectifier through which the said relay-currents pass before being led to instru- IOO IIO

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the coils et the alternating-eurrent magnet, a rectifier for Converting: the induced alterhating` current to a direct current, and means for neutralizing self-induetioil and capacity in the relay-circuit, substantiallyas described for the purpose speeied.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 27th day of February, 1899.

SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN.

Witnesses:

F. W. MCLELLAN, WALTER J. SKERTEN.

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