US337628A - Regulator for dynamo-electric machines - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet le O. B. SHALLBNBBRGBR.

REGULATOR FORDYNAMQ ELECTRIC MAGHINES.

l Z ATTORNE.

N PETERS, Pmmumngnphnr, Wemmel D.c,`

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. 0. B. SHALLBNBBRGER.

REGULATOR ECE DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINES.

No. 337,628. Patented Mar. 9. 1886.

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AAAAA (A A l\ l AAA{AAAA AAAAAAA lUNrTED STATES .aTEivT` @Tarea REGULATOR FOR DYNAMO-ELEGTREC MACllINESf SPECIFICATION forming part o Letters Patent No. 337,628, dated March 9, 1886.

Application filed December' 5, 1855.

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, OLIVER B. SHALLEN- BERGER, residing at Rochester, in the county of Beaver and State ot Pennsylvania, a citizen of the United States, have invented ordiscovered certain new and useful Improvements in the Regulation of Dynamo-Electric Generators, ot' which improvements the following is a specification.

In theaccompanying drawings, which make part of this specification, Figure l is a diagrammatic view showing the manner of applying the auxiliary' coils to a shunt dynamo electric machine. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a modification oi' the auxiliary coils. Figs. 3, et, 5 are similar views showing the manner ol' applying my invention to different kinds or classes ot' dynamo-electric machines.

The invention herein relates to certain improvements in the manner ot' winding the cores ot' the tield-magnets of dynamo-electric machines, and has t'or its object the maintenance of a constant difference of potential in its vworl; or external circuit, under variable conditions of work in said external circuit.

An approximately constant electro-motive force can be maintained at the terminals of shuntwound dynamos of the usual construction by so constructing and proportioningthe various parts that the resistance ot' the arma` ture shall be low and that o i' the held-coils high relatively to the resistance in the external or work circuit; or the same result may be secured by the ordinary compound Winding; and this electromotive force is the same throughout the main conductors, if their resistance be sufficiently low as compared with that of the work-circuit to be negligible. If, however, this resistance be increased to a considerable amount, a loss of electro-motive force occurs at the outer extremities of the main conductors proportional to the amount of current passing, and hence a constant electro-motive force at the terminals of the dynamo no longer maintains a constant difference of potential at the point of consumption with a varying current-as, tor example, if an in candescent lamp were placed across the extremities of the mains, it would receive a current of the same electro-motive force as if placed across the terminals ot the dynamo; but if a large number of such lamps were Serial No. 184,791. (No model.)

placed in the circuit the large quantity of current required to supply the lamps would canse a fall in the electro-motive i'orce in the work-circuit proportional tothe increase in current. This fall in electro-motive force produces a corresponding decrease in the incandescence ot` the lamps; but they may be brought up to their normal incaudescence by increasing t'nc electro-motive force of the generator ,sui'iiciently to compensate for the tem of electricaldistributionin multiple arcas, for example, incandescent lighting-it is necessary to employ a generator so constructed that the electro-motive t'orce maybeincreased with each increase in consumptionof current in the Work-circuit by an amount equal to the loss due to the resistance ot' the conductors, and conversely to lower the clectro-motive force with each corresponding decrease in the current consumed. These results may be ettected either by the use of mechanical devices (operated or controlled by hand or by the current in the woilccircuit) or by so winding and proportioning the coils of the generator as to produce the desired regulation.

In compound wound dynamos of the ordinary type, in which the main current traverses coils wound upon the field-magnets, it is possible to so proportion the coils as to produce a definite variation of electro-motive force with a definite Variation of current or external resistance. This variation, however, is fixed for a given machine at a given electro-motive force, and hence such a machine can only be employed upon a circuit in which the loss in the mains corresponds very nearly to the increase in electro-motive i'orce due to the current traversing` the series coils. These coils also introduce a useless resistance into the main circuit.

rlhe object of this invention is to so construct a dynamo as to make it readily adaptable to any circuit on which it may be placed by so winding and connecting its excitingcoils that the varying loss of electro motive force between the extremities of the main conductors shall bev automatically compensated by a corresponding increase in eld strength, and consequent incr-casein electro motive l'orce at the terminals of the dynamo, whatever may be the resistance of these mains, and conseloss in the main conductors; hence, in a sys- ICO quent drop of potential between the dynamo .and point of consumption. Its peculiar features of advantage, therefore, are that no special proportioning of the coils of each 1na chine to the circuit upon which it is to be used is required; and, further, the manner of arranging the coils and their circuits avoids the necessity of passing the. entire current through the field-coils, which is a serious defeet, owing to the resist-ance thus introduced into the circuit.

The shunt-wound dynamo-A is of the usual form and construction, and has its high-resistance eld-coils 2 and 2 connected in shunt to the main terminals 3 and 3a of the dynamo.V On the cores of the magnets 1 and 1tL are also woundthe auxiliary coils 5 and 5, also of high resistance relatively to main circuit., which may be arranged alongside of the main field coils, as shown, or may be wound on top of such coils, or underneath the same. These coils are independent of each other, and the outer end or terminal of the coil 5 is connected by a wire, 9, of low resistance, to the outer terminal of the main conductor 7, and the opposite end of said coil 5 heilig connected to the positive terminal 3, to which the inner end of the main conductor 7 is also connected. The coil 5 is correspondingly connected to the other main conductor, 8, by awire, 10, of'

low resistance, and the negative terminal 3,

The action of the auxiliary coils 5 and 5 is as follows: Suppose the generator to be running without doing any external work, but maintaining` an electro-motive force of any given amount at its terminals, produced byk the field-coils 2 and 2. This elect-ro motive force will exist equally throughout the entire circuit as long as no current passes, and there' fore no current will pass through the coils 5.y and 5, since there will be no difference of potential betweenthe terminals 3 and 3n and the outer extremities of the main conductors Now, in case a number of translating devicesfor example, incandescent lam ps-were placed l in multiple arcl in the work-circuit, there tial between the terminals 3 and 3 and the extremities of the line produces a corresponding difference of potential between the terminals of the coils 5 and 5, the wires 9 and 10 being of comparatively low resistanie, and the resulting tlow of current is in such a direction and of such au amount that the field-magnets are further energized and the electromotive force increased by an amount equal to theloss ,ductors is reduced.

in the main conductors. As the resistance in the work-circuit is further reduced by the addition of lamps, and the currentconsequently increased, the loss of potenti-1l in the main conductors is correspondingly increased, and a greater amount of current will pass through the auxiliary coils 5 and 5, which thus assist the field coils in producing a greater excitation in the magnetic'ield.

By properly proportioning the eld and auxiliary coils they may be made to raise the electro-motive force at the terminals in proportional amounts to the degree necessary for the proper illumination of allthe lamps in the Working-circuit simultaneously. lamps out ofthe circuit a contrary effect is produced, the electro-motive force being reduced as the fiow of current in the main conrFhus the regulation iS maintained automatically, whatever-may be Vt-he resistance of the main conductors or the amount of current passing, and the electromotive force is always proportional to the current required in the workjcircuiathe main field-coils being proportioned to give the initial eld required for the least number of lamps used or amount of work to be performed,and the auxiliary coils proportioned to .produce the additional'eld strength for the largest number of lamps and the greatest amount of work.

A small variable resistance, 12, can be iuvtroduced into the coil-circuits to adjust the field strength to the speed of the armature,

vwhich once adjusted will require no further change.

In lieu of arranging the coils 5 and 5 independent of each other, as above stated, they maybe connectedin series with each other, the coil 5 being connected by a wire, 13, oflow'reisistance,to the outerextremity ofthe main con- .'ductor 8, and the coil 5 being connected to the terminal 3, as shown in Fig. 2. The auxiliary coils 5 and 5 may be applied for a like purpose and with alike result to a compound wound dynamo, and also to a separately-excited dynamo, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the coils heilig independent of each other or kconnected in series, as described in connectionl with shunt-dynamos; or, in the case of separately-excited dynamos, the auxiliary coils may be applied to the cores of the magnets of the exciting-dynamo, as shown in Fig. 5. In lthe latter case the coils 2 and 2 of the main vdynamo are connected in the usual manner to the terminals 14 and 14 of the exciting-dynamo 15. The auxiliary coil 5 is connected at vits ends by the low-resistance wire 16 to the terminal 3 of the main dynamo and the outer extremity of the main conductor 7, leading from the same terminal, and the coil 5 is similarly connected by the low-resistance wire 17 to the terminal 3 and the outer extremity of its main conductor S. Any difterenceof po-l tential between the ends of the main conductors '7 and 8 will cause an increased amount of current to pass through the auxiliary coils ofy ICO IIO

IIS

the exciter, thereby producing an increased excitation of its field oi' force and a corresponding` excitation ofthe field of the main dynamo. The advantage of thus automatically proportioning the electro-motive force. to the Work to be done becomes evident when the saving` in the cost of conductors is considered.

l/Vhen the source of power is located at any considerable distance from the point ot consumptiomvery large conductors are required to accomplish the necessary regulation in the ordinary Way, or, in other Words, to reduce the drop of potential Within practical limits the weight of conduct-ors should increase as the square ofthe distance; hence a point is soon reached where the cost of such conductors is prohibitive. It', however, a large drop o." electro-motive force is permissible bel'ore the point of consumption is reached, it is only necessary to employ conductors of sufficient size to prevent undue heating` which is often only a small fraction of the t'ormer size. This large drop ot' potential between the points of generation and consumption'is permissible Where machines of the character above described are employed7 the drop of potential on the line being always counterbalanced by a corresponding` rise of electro-motive force at the generator through the whole range of current taken ott.

The prominent characteristic of the invention herein is the automatic proportioning` of the electro-motive force at the terminals of the dynamo to the current required in the workcircuit by the difference of potential in the main conductors between the points ofgeneration and consumption, and thereby causing,` such difference of potential'in the Workingcircuit to react through auxiliary coils in theeld-n'iagnets, so as to restore fully or ap proximately the loss or drop in electro-motive force, which would otherwise be occasioned t-hereby.

I claim herein as my inventionl. In a system of electric distribution, the

combination ofa fieldmagnet and the main coils thereof, auxiliary exciting` coil or coils. main conductors connecting the terminals otl the machine and the working` circuit, and a sh unt-circuit including the auxiliary coils and electrically connected to the terminals of the dynamo andthe main conductors at or near where the same are connected with the working-circuit, the resistances of the auxiliary coils being suitably proportioned, so that any difference ot' potential in the main conductors between the points ot' generation and consumption will automatically increase ordecrease the excitation of the magnetic tield, substantially as set forth.

2. In a system of electric distribution, the combination oi" a field-magnet and the exciting coils thereof, and an auxiliary exciting coil or coils suitably connected with the extremities of either or both of the main conductors and adapted to automatically increase or decrease the excitation. ofthe magnetic iield in proportion to the difference of potential between the inner and outer terminals of the main conductors, substantially as setforth.

3. ln a system of electric distribution, the combination ol" a dynamo-electric machine, main conductors connecting the terminals of the dynamo and the work-circuit,and an exciting coil or coils upon the iieldmagnets having its terminals connected, respectively, to a termin al ot' the dynamo and to one ofthe main conductors at or near its connection with the working-circuit, said exciting-coil being suitably proportioned, so as to automatically in` crease or decrease the excitation of the magnetic ield in proportion to the difference ot potential in the main conductors between the points ot' generation and consumption, substantially as set forth.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand.

OLIVER B. SHALLENBERGER.

Vitnesses:

DARWIN S. WoLoorr, R. H. XVHITTLnsEY.

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