US666742A - Cutter-head. - Google Patents

Description

No. 666,742. PatentedA 1an. 29, ism. A. mcKEY. GUTTER HEAD.

(Application led Jan. 19, 1900.) (No Mader.) l 2 Shsets--Sheet I.

No. 666,742. Patented lan. 29, |901. A. DICKE'Y.

CUTTER HEAD.

(Application med Jan. 19, 1900.) A

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lADAM`DIOKEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

CUTTER-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 666,742, dated January 29, 1901.

Application filed January 19, 1900. Serial No. 2,217. .No model.)

T0 all 71171/0711, it nfty concern.:

Be it known that I, ADAM DICKEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cutter-Heads, of which the following is a specication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the cutter-head with the cutter in place. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one of the cutter-head disks, showing the interior construction. Fig.- 3 is an inside elevation of the cutter-head disk which cooperates with-the disk shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of what is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows the cutterhead mounted in a shaping-machine. Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of the machine shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 shows a modified form of the cutter-head. Fig. Sis a diagram showing the inclination of the sh'afts carrying the cutter-heads. Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line Fig. 7. Fig. l0 shows two cutterheads with their shafts inclined to bring the cutting-points together at the work and far apart diametrically opposite, where the cutting-points again pass each other.

My invention relates to improvements in cutter-heads adapted particularly for use in molding-machines which cut spiral or twist molding.

One object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which the cutters may be readily adjusted at a common point without overlapping, so that the two parts carrying their respective cutters may rotate in opposite direction.

Another object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which the opposing inner faces of the two coacting members are each formed with two sets of inclined grooves, one set of the grooves being occupied by the cutters when the cutter-head is rotated in one direction and the other set being occupied by the cutters when the cutter-head is rotated in the opposite direction, the cutters being changed from one set of grooves to the other set of grooves when the direction of rotation is changed.

A third object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which the cutters travel in opposite directions in planes which are inclined to each other, so that the circles in which the cutting-points travel are contiguous at the place where the points pass each other in front-z'. e., in contact with the wood-but are comparatively widely apart diametrically opposite said place. This construction permits the cutting-points to approach each other so close that no ridge or bead is left in the spiral groove and insures the cutting-points diverging immediately after making the cut, thereby avoiding fracture due to the points overlapping.

These cutter-heads revolve at very high speeds, at times as high as one hundred revolutions per second. In order that the cuts may be perfectly smooth, there must be no vibration, and hence the cutter must be rigidly secured in place. Again, when the cutters work in pairs, as in making spiral molding for stairs, balustrades, and the like, the working ends of the cutters must be very accurately adjusted to a point; otherwise a ridge will be left by the interval between the cutting-points. Again, if the cutters revolve in opposite directions, as in the cutting of spiral molding, any slight overlapping of the cutting-points will result in the fracture of the cutters. Therefore in setting the cutters great care must be taken to adjust the cutters so that the ends will come to a point and yet not overlap-that is, travel in contiguous circles. These considerations show that a cutter head should, first, hold the cutter rmly, and, second, permit the adjustment of the cutters to be made toward each other so that the points of the cutters converge upon a given point when the ends of the cutters are moved in a line across the cutter-head shaft.

In my new cutter-head no bolts or screws pass through the cutters, and thereby I obviate the disadvantages resulting from the working loose of bolts and washers and the faulty adjustment due to the unavoidable dierence in thickness of the washers. The inclination of the cutters toward each other is given by the movement of the cutters in their sockets across the line of the cutterhead shaft. There can be no tilting upward of the butt-.end of the cutter, for the upper Walls of the cutter-socket are undercut, so that the upper Walls overhang the cutters. The cutters are therefore held securely against all IOO vibration, and the adjustment of the cutters across the shaft, which is readily and accurately made, gives the cutter its sidewise adjustmentthat is, brings the cutters together at a predetermined point, so that the cutting ends travel in contiguous circles of equal diameters. In the cutting of spiral molding the cutters must revolve in opposite directions while making a cut in order that the cut ou both bevels may be with the grain of the wood. must be guarded against; yet the cutting ends of the cutters must travel in contiguous circles in order to prevent the leaving of a ridge at the bottom of the spiral groove.

I shape the walls of the groove in my new cutter-head alternately rights and lefts, as is best shown in Fig. 2. I-Ience with my new cutter-head when the second or reverse cut is to be made it is necessary only to change the cutters from one socket to the one adjacent. The cutter-head may then be revolved in the reverse direction. This is an important feature of myinvention and saves much time in making a cut.

Another feature of my invention is the inclination of the shaft carrying the cutterhead. This inclination brings the points of the cutters, on the one hand, into extremely close proximity when passing each other. in front, and thereby avoids leaving a ridge between the cuts"'made by the cutters separately; but this inclination brings the points of the cutters, on the other hand, comparatively far apart when passing each other kon the side away from the work. In Fig. 8 is shown a diagram illustrating this inclination somewhat exaggerated. (See more particularly Fig. 9.)

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the best mode now known to me of applying that principle, a is one disk of the cutter-head, formed with a boss b and provided with a shaft c. The inside wall of the disk is formed with a groove produced by cutting the wall downwardly and outwardly, as at d, and horizontally and outwardly, as at e. The walls of one pairoi' adjacent grooves come together at the point f, and the walls of the other pair come together at the point g, diametrically opposite. The grooves are formed, therefore, alternately rights and lcfts, and this permits the direction of motion of both cutter-heads to be reversed to make a second cut without other change than the transferring of the cutters from one socket to the one adjacent to it. In the cutter-head shown there are four sockets formed by the combination of the eight grooves, two rights and two lefts, or provision for two cutters. The cooperating disk his shown in Figs. l, 3, and 4C. On its inside walls are cut grooves, the wall t coacting with the wall d to hold the cutter firmly in place and to give the cutter the proper sidewise inclination. The wallt' cooperates with the wall e to form a support for the base of the cutter. The two grooves Hence overlapping of the points' cooperate vto form a socket for the cutter. The two disks are secured together by bolts j, that pass through the holes k. The adjustment of the cutters is readily made, for since the sidewise inclination is determined by the inclination of the walls of the recess an adjustment of the cut-ter in aline across the cutter-head is all that need be made. This greatly simplifies the adjustment, does away with the tentative methods previously necessary, and saves much time. It will be understood from what has been said above that the adjustment must be very fine.

In Figs 5 and 6 the cutter-heads are shown mounted in the machine, and the mode of belting to run the cutter-heads in opposite directions is also illustrated. `These figures also showin plan the inclination of the cutters to the disks and the shafts. The dotted lines in Fig. 8 show the inclination of the shafts of the cutter-heads to bring the cutting-points close together at the work and separate them after passing the work, as previously cX- plained.

I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise form shown. For instance, instead of forming the walls d and h inclined, as shown, these walls may be made vertical, as shown at l and m, Fig. 7, and bounded by two horizontal planes, as n and o, to inclose snugly a cutter rectangular in cross-section. As the form of this cross-section may vary, so may the inclination of the planes that bound thesocket to give a snug fit; but the side walls of the sockets should be inclined diagonally from side to side to cause the ends of the cutters to converge to a fixed point determined by the inclination of these walls, so that the cutting ends may travel in opposite directions in contiguous circles.

The advantages of -my new cutter-head are, irst, the cutter-heads are used in pairs and the grooves in the disks permit the cuttingpoints of the cutters of the cooperating heads to be readily given an exceedingly fine adjustment toward each other; second, the grooves are cut in two sets, having reverse inclinations across the line of the cutter-head shafts, which construction permits the cutters to be changed from one set of grooves to the other when the direction of rotation is reversed for the back cut, and, third, the inclination of the cutter-head shafts causes the cutting-points to move from each other at points away from the work and causes them to move very close to each other at the work.

What I claim isl. In combination in a machine for turning spiral molding, a pair of cutter-heads, each head made up of a pair of grooved disks suitably secured together, the grooves inl said disks being inclined across the line of the cu tter-head shafts; a pair of cutters, one in each cutter-head, held in the said grooves in the coacting disks; the grooves holding said cu tters being inclined toward each other thereby IOO IIO

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permitting the cutting-points to be brought close together for the purpose set forth; and mechanism for rotating the two cutter-heads in opposite directions.

2. The herein-described cutter-head made up of a pair of coacting disks grooved to receive cutters; said grooves being inclined across the axis of the cutter-head; and bolts or like secu ring means for clamping the two disks together; said securing means passing through the disks non-axially therewith.

3. In combination in a shapingm-achine,a pair of cutter-heads grooved to receive cutters; cutters mounted in said grooves; said grooves being inclined from one face of the cutter-head to the other, thereby permitting the cuttingpoints to be brought close together; and a pair of shafts, one for each cutter-head, said shafts being inclined to each other, thereby throwing the cutting-points close together where they pass each otheIl at the work.

4. A cutter-head made up of, a pair of coacting members, the opposed inner faces of said members being formed with grooves which deepen from one face of the member to the opposite face thereof and the shallow ends of adjoining' grooves in the same face being adjacent to each other; and means for securing said coacting members together.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of January, 1900.

ADAM DICKEY. Witnesses:

H. M. KELSO, JAMES HAMILTON.

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