US664958A - Method of utilizing liquid air in explosion-motors. - Google Patents
Method of utilizing liquid air in explosion-motors. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US664958A US664958A US73832699A US1899738326A US664958A US 664958 A US664958 A US 664958A US 73832699 A US73832699 A US 73832699A US 1899738326 A US1899738326 A US 1899738326A US 664958 A US664958 A US 664958A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air
- motors
- explosion
- liquid
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/003—Gas-turbine plants with heaters between turbine stages
Definitions
- My invention Inay be -embodied in a combustion-Inot-or of the kind in which com bustible materials- ⁇ such as coal-gas, petroleum, benzene, or the iike are used fol-obtaining the driving power. It is well known that for the proper working of these motors the atm'ospheric air to be mixed with the fuel requires .to be' applied under a high pressure,
- Theliquid air is kept under atmospheric pressure in the vessel Z, which .iswell protected exteriorly against heat, from which. vessel the said liquid 'airis drawn ofi by a feed-pump 19, having a variable stroke.
- the actuation of the pump p is efiectedfrom the shaft 0, of the fly-wheel by means of a crank- 7o gearing f and lever-gearing g h, the stroke of the pump being regulated byadjust-ingthe lever-gearing.
- the 'lhepu mp supplies theliquid air to the conduit or serpentine s, the walls of which are not protected against the access whereby it is caused to reassume the gaseous state, the conduit being made in the form of a serpeutine'tube ct to aiford a large conduct- From the said conduit the gasified airenters a combustion-chamber b, into which at the same time is introd ucedthe combustible material or motive fluid to an amount required for the power to be exerted.
- This material may consist of a liquid fuel and may. be introduced by means of an apparatus m,
- an electricigniter may be used and afterward ignition may beefiected by causing the combustible material to. 'drop upon an asbestos body, which after being.
- the combustion may also be obtained by bringing the liquid air directly together withthe combustible material. This-enables the gasifier or serpentine to be omitted; but the consumption of combustion material is 'in creased thereby.
- the combustion should always be caused to take place under such conditions as will prevent the resulting gases from having too high a temperature. This will easily be obtained by injecting a greater quantity of liquid air than is required forperfect combustion, as obviously the greater the injected volume of liquid air the lower the temperature at which the gasified air is allowed to meet the -fuel.-
- the combustion gases are then introduced into the working mechanism proper, which by preference may be a compound engine e, consisting at least of two cylinders in order to enable the gases, entering at a very high pressure in the first cylinworking explosion-motorswhich consists in intermittently gasifying liquid air, causing the gasified air to mix with fuel under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, firing the thus-obtamed mixture of fuel and compressed air, and causing the products of combustion to act upon the piston, substantially as and for the purpose described.
- the working mechanism proper which by preference may be a compound engine e, consisting at least of two cylinders in order to enable the gases, entering at
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
METHOD OF UTILIZING LIOUID AIR IN EXPLOSION MOTORS.
(Application filed Nov. 27, 1899.)
(No Model.)
3% q II I u 1' I II:I: Z I
X. "I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I IIIIIIIIIIII Wf'tncsses,
' 7 I I fi m '52 z Patented Ian. I, 19m. 0. LINDE.
- tion.
U ITED STATES ATENT- Fries.
CARL LINDE, OF MUNICH. GERMANY.
METHOD OF UTILIZING LiQUID AIR IN EXPLOSION-MOTORS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 664,958, dated January 1, 1901-. Application filed November 23,1899. serial no. 738,826. on model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CARL LINDE, doctor of .philosophy,'a subject of. the King of Bavaria, residing at Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire, have invented a new and, useful Improvement in Methods of Utilizing LiquidAir in Explosion-Motors,ot which the following is a specification.
Since it has been rendered possible to liq uefy air in any desired quantity, it has often been suggested that liquid air should be used .for driving motors. Acareful investigation, however, shows-that the energy expended in liquefying the air is so out'of proportionfto the energy obtained under the most favorable circumstances by the conversion of the liquefled air into the gaseousstate, which while further expanding is utilized for doing work, that the idea of utilizing liquid air for driving motors can only be applied when the question of economy is not taken into considera- This, ho'weve r, is diflferent when the liquid air is used in combination with a conibustible in such amanner that the oxygen of said air is caused to act on the combustible under the high pressure resulting from its tralisition from the liquid into the gaseous state. v A
My invention .Inay be -embodied in a combustion-Inot-or of the kind in which com bustible materials-\such as coal-gas, petroleum, benzene, or the iike are used fol-obtaining the driving power. it is well known that for the proper working of these motors the atm'ospheric air to be mixed with the fuel requires .to be' applied under a high pressure,
which is produced by compressing, theair in( a special cylinder, and improvements in 'the said motors are mainly directed toward increasing the compression and working pressure generally, The effective work of the motor in this case is therefore the difference between thework done'on the gas i-n its compression and the work performed by its ex-v pansion. Now by the use of. liquid air the necessity for compressing the air in a special working cylinder in order to obtain increase of pressure by reduction of volume is obviatedaisthepressure is producediby thetransi- .tion: of the air from the liquid int-othe gaseous state, this transition occurring in a'closed space. Moreover, the compression, and conefficiency is requiredas, for instance, in
- ing-surface.
more complicated than that'already existing.
Accordingly it is possible to adopt very small dimensions, this being of special value where a motor of small weight. and relatively high driving vehicles. s
The accompanying drawing represents a diagrammatical arrangement of my improved motor.
Theliquid air is kept under atmospheric pressure in the vessel Z, which .iswell protected exteriorly against heat, from which. vessel the said liquid 'airis drawn ofi by a feed-pump 19, having a variable stroke. The actuation of the pump p is efiectedfrom the shaft 0, of the fly-wheel by means of a crank- 7o gearing f and lever-gearing g h, the stroke of the pump being regulated byadjust-ingthe lever-gearing. 'lhepu mp supplies theliquid air to the conduit or serpentine s, the walls of which are not protected against the access whereby it is caused to reassume the gaseous state, the conduit being made in the form of a serpeutine'tube ct to aiford a large conduct- From the said conduit the gasified airenters a combustion-chamber b, into which at the same time is introd ucedthe combustible material or motive fluid to an amount required for the power to be exerted. This material may consist of a liquid fuel and may. be introduced by means of an apparatus m,
similar to that generally employed for sup- 9o means of abelt-gearing d and' wormwheel k in such a manner that on' the piston moving downward the motive fluid is pressed from the apparatus m into the combustionchamber b.- The ignition can be effected in the manner usuallyadopted in explosion-engines. loo.
In starting, an electricigniter may be used and afterward ignition may beefiected by causing the combustible material to. 'drop upon an asbestos body, which after being.
.rendered incandescent by the combustion is thereby kept in a state of incandescence.
The combustion may also be obtained by bringing the liquid air directly together withthe combustible material. This-enables the gasifier or serpentine to be omitted; but the consumption of combustion material is 'in creased thereby. Y
The combustion should always be caused to take place under such conditions as will prevent the resulting gases from having too high a temperature. This will easily be obtained by injecting a greater quantity of liquid air than is required forperfect combustion, as obviously the greater the injected volume of liquid air the lower the temperature at which the gasified air is allowed to meet the -fuel.- The combustion gases are then introduced into the working mechanism proper, which by preference may be a compound engine e, consisting at least of two cylinders in order to enable the gases, entering at a very high pressure in the first cylinworking explosion-motorswhich consists in intermittently gasifying liquid air, causing the gasified air to mix with fuel under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, firing the thus-obtamed mixture of fuel and compressed air, and causing the products of combustion to act upon the piston, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The method of utilizing liquid air in working explosion-motors which consists in intermittently injecting liquid air, gasifying the same on its passage to the combustionchamber, causihg the gasified air to meet the fuel in the combustion-chamber under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid into gaseous state, firing the thus-obtained mixture 'of fuel and compressed air, and causing the products of combustion to act upon the piston, substantially as described.
3. The method of utilizing liquid air in working explosion-motors which consists in intermittently injecting liquid air, gasifying the same by means of the atmospherical heat causing the gasified air to meet the fuel under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid into the gaseous state, firing the thus-obtained mixture of-fuel and com pressed air, and causing the products of combustion to act upon the piston, substantially as described.
4. The method of utilizing liquid air in working explosion-motors which consists in ihtermittently injecting a quantity ofliquid air greater than needed for burning a given its passage tothe combustion-chamber, causing the gasified air to meetthe fuel under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid into the gaseous state, firing the thus-obtained mixture of fuel and surplus of compressed air, and causing the products of combustion and surplus of air to act upon the piston, substantially as described.
5. The method of utilizing liquid air in working explosion-motors which consists in intermittently injecting a quantity ofliquid air greater than needed for burning a given quantity of fuel, gasifying the injected air on its passage to the fuel, causing the gasified air to meet the fuel under the pressure resulting from its transition from the liquid into the gaseous state, firing the thus-obtained mixture of fuel and surplus of compressed air, causing the products of combustion and surplus of air to act upon the piston, mixing said products and surplus of airwith fuel, firing anew and causing the resulting products to act u pon'a second piston,su bstantiall y as described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 'my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- Witnesses FRIEDRICH LINDE,
EMIL HENZEL.
while passing to the combustion-chamber,
quantity of fuel, gasifying the injected air on-
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73832699A US664958A (en) | 1899-11-27 | 1899-11-27 | Method of utilizing liquid air in explosion-motors. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73832699A US664958A (en) | 1899-11-27 | 1899-11-27 | Method of utilizing liquid air in explosion-motors. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US664958A true US664958A (en) | 1901-01-01 |
Family
ID=2733515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US73832699A Expired - Lifetime US664958A (en) | 1899-11-27 | 1899-11-27 | Method of utilizing liquid air in explosion-motors. |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463098A (en) * | 1942-02-09 | 1949-03-01 | Daniel And Florence Guggenheim | Gas-producing apparatus and method |
US2950593A (en) * | 1954-11-22 | 1960-08-30 | Garrett Corp | Compound engine |
US3040519A (en) * | 1954-08-13 | 1962-06-26 | Garrett Corp | Jet propulsion unit with cooling means for incoming air |
US3808818A (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-05-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Dual combustion engine and cycle |
US20090260022A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2009-10-15 | Apple Inc. | Widget Authoring and Editing Environment |
-
1899
- 1899-11-27 US US73832699A patent/US664958A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463098A (en) * | 1942-02-09 | 1949-03-01 | Daniel And Florence Guggenheim | Gas-producing apparatus and method |
US3040519A (en) * | 1954-08-13 | 1962-06-26 | Garrett Corp | Jet propulsion unit with cooling means for incoming air |
US2950593A (en) * | 1954-11-22 | 1960-08-30 | Garrett Corp | Compound engine |
US3808818A (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-05-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Dual combustion engine and cycle |
US20090260022A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2009-10-15 | Apple Inc. | Widget Authoring and Editing Environment |
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