US6641301B2 - Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise - Google Patents
Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6641301B2 US6641301B2 US09/828,744 US82874401A US6641301B2 US 6641301 B2 US6641301 B2 US 6641301B2 US 82874401 A US82874401 A US 82874401A US 6641301 B2 US6641301 B2 US 6641301B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- viewing window
- target surface
- area
- high emissivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title description 18
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTLYHLREPCPDKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=C(Cl)C=CC=2)Cl)=C1Cl VTLYHLREPCPDKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/05—Means for preventing contamination of the components of the optical system; Means for preventing obstruction of the radiation path
- G01J5/051—Means for preventing contamination of the components of the optical system; Means for preventing obstruction of the radiation path using a gas purge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/06—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
Definitions
- thermocouples are available for providing indications of temperature of surfaces.
- Contact devices such as thermistors or thermocouples must be placed in physical contact with the surface, a disadvantage in some applications.
- a further disadvantage of such temperature sensors is that they generally require an amount of time in the order of seconds to stabilize to the temperature of the surface.
- Radiation detectors have been used as a noncontact alternative to such temperature sensors. Such detectors are based on the principle that the thermal radiation emitted from a surface is proportional to the temperature of the surface raised to the fourth power. Typically radiation sensors much as thermopiles respond to changes in radiation in the order of one tenth second. Unfortunately, these detectors require a clean viewing window and field of view such that the detector can see the target surface without substantial obstructions in the viewing path which can impede the accuracy of the measurement. Air purges have employed sources of compressed air and the like to drive air past the viewing window for maintaining the field of view clear of debris.
- a method for maintaining a viewing window of a sensor substantially clean includes enclosing the sensor within a housing, and moving a target surface relative to the viewing window to create an airflow and thus a pressure drop adjacent the viewing window. That pressure drop causes air to be drawn past the viewing window of the detector.
- the housing can include an aperture through which the viewing window of the sensor views the target surface. Motion of the target surface creates an airflow velocity adjacent the viewing window for maintaining the viewing window substantially clean.
- a high emissivity area is provided on an outside surface of the housing which faces the target surface.
- the high emissivity area in one embodiment, is circular in shape and has an emissivity of greater than about 0.8.
- the space between the target surface and the housing is limited to less than twice the diameter of high emissivity area, and preferably the space is limited to less than the diameter of the high emissivity area.
- the high emissivity area can be any geometric shape.
- the maximum distance between the outside surface and the target surface is less than four times, and more preferably less than two times, the distance from an optic axis of the sensor to an edge of the high emissivity area.
- the sensor can include a thermopile, the cold junction of which is thermally connected to the housing.
- An umbrella can be attached to an outside surface of the housing which faces the target surface for further blocking out ambient radiation.
- the umbrella has a high emissivity area which faces the target surface.
- the umbrella is thermally connected to the housing.
- a washer is disposed adjacent to the housing aperture, the washer having an aperture that is smaller than the housing aperture to be the limiting area in the airflow path through the housing to create a maximum airflow velocity adjacent the viewing window for maintaining the viewing window substantially clean.
- the housing aperture is the limiting area in an airflow path through the housing.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a temperature detecting system in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the detector shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the detector shown in FIG. 1 with a top cover removed.
- FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the detector shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a temperature detecting system, generally designated by reference numeral 10 .
- a stationary radiation detector 12 which can include a thermopile such as in an infrared thermocouple described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,612, is positioned to view a target surface 14 through a field of view 16 .
- the target surface 14 is movable with respect to the detector 12 .
- wires extend through a lead 18 to a remote readout device 20 .
- the readout device 20 can be any conventional device adapted to receive thermocouple leads and provide a display or transmit an output such as thermocouple controllers, PLCs, meters, and transmitters.
- the lead 18 and readout device 20 may carry and respond to thermopile signals without thermopile compensation.
- FIG. 2 A cross-sectional view of the detector 12 is shown in FIG. 2.
- a housing 22 and cover 23 enclose a sensor 24 , which can include a thermopile, within a can 25 , which includes a flange 33 .
- An aperture 28 in the housing 22 allows the viewing window 26 of the thermopile can 25 to see the target surface 14 .
- a washer 29 having an aperture 31 is positioned in the housing aperture 28 to provide a tight tolerance of the aperture.
- aperture 31 is smaller than aperture 28 .
- Apertures 28 , 31 can have any geometric shape, such as circular, square, triangular, etc.
- the viewing window 26 is maintained substantially clean.
- the housing 22 further supports a printed circuit board (PCB) 40 on which a processor 42 , such as a microprocessor, is mounted.
- a connector 44 as shown in FIG. 3, removably secures a cable 46 which can connect to the readout device 20 .
- a light emitting diode (LED) 48 connected to the PCB 40 , can show whether the detector 12 is on or off and can also flash codes for purposes such as diagnostics.
- Mounting holes 50 are provided in the housing 22 for mounting the detector 12 above the target surface 14 .
- a plenum is provided in which air is provided to the housing 22 through an air purge fitting 36 .
- An air tube 38 can be connected to the fitting 36 to ensure only clean air is supplied to the housing 22 .
- Air passageways 34 allow air around the sensor 24 to a space 35 between the viewing window 26 and the apertures 28 , 31 . It is known from Bernoulli's equations that the moving target surface 14 generates an asymptotic velocity profile which creates a low pressure adjacent the viewing window 26 . The low pressure thus creates an airflow through the housing 22 from the air tube 36 through passageways 34 and space 35 through apertures 28 and 31 .
- the aperture 31 by limiting the aperture 31 to have a minimum area (width) in the path from the air tube 38 to the aperture 31 , the maximum velocity of air is provided adjacent the viewing window 26 to keep it substantially clean.
- a passive cleaning system is provided from the moving target surface 14 by limiting the diameter of aperture 31 such that the velocity of air is maximized adjacent the viewing window 26 to keep the viewing window substantially clean.
- the cup By reflecting emissions from the target surface back onto that surface, the cup causes the target surface to behave as a black body, the emissivity of which is equal to one, regardless of the actual emissivity of the surface. With the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, it is not feasible to position a high reflectivity cup against the target surface 14 to reduce the background radiation noise.
- the detector 12 By making the detector 12 an emitter, that is, by providing a high emissivity surface or area 30 adjacent the viewing window 26 of the sensor 24 as shown in the FIG. 4, the accuracy of the detector 12 is greatly improved. That is, the emissions of the background noise are replaced with the emissions from the detector 12 .
- the flux or radiation from the detector 12 reflected by the target surface 14 is not seen by the sensor 24 because the reflected radiation is from the same temperature as the emitted radiation thereby canceling one another out.
- One method of providing the high emissivity area 30 is by painting the outside surface on the bottom of the detector 12 substantially black.
- the high emissivity area 30 can have any geometric shape, such as circular, square, triangular, etc. In one embodiment, the high emissivity area is circular and has an emissivity of great than about 0.8.
- the maximum distance from the bottom of the detector 12 to the target surface 14 is less than about four times the distance from an optic axis 27 of the sensor 24 to an edge of the high emissivity area 30 .
- the maximum distance from the bottom of the detector 12 to the target surface 14 is less than about two times the distance from the optic axis 27 of the sensor 24 to an edge of the high emissivity area 30 .
- the senor can 25 to which the cold junction of the thermopile 24 within the can is connected, is thermally connected to the housing 22 adjacent the target surface 14 .
- the thermistor or thermopile which typically senses the thermopile cold junction temperature, also detects the housing 22 temperature.
- a separate thermistor can be provided on the housing 22 of the detector 12 . Thermally connecting the detector to the housing provides overall thermal stability for the temperature detecting system 10 .
- an umbrella or shield 52 can be mounted to the bottom of the housing 22 to further block out ambient radiation.
- the umbrella 52 is thermally conductive and is formed from a metal, such as aluminum.
- the umbrella 52 can be mounted to the housing 22 by mounting holes 54 (FIG. 4) such that the umbrella is thermally connected to the housing so that it is the same temperature as the housing.
- the umbrella 52 can be attached to the housing 22 by a thermally conductive adhesive to ensure the umbrella and the housing are at the same temperature.
- the bottom of the umbrella preferably has a high emissivity area 30 for the reasons explained above.
- the umbrella 52 can be any shape such as curved for applications where the target surface is curved.
- the umbrella 52 includes an aperture 56 therein to allow the viewing window 26 to see the target surface 14 .
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/828,744 US6641301B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-04-09 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
US10/653,036 US20040114661A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2003-08-29 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/828,744 US6641301B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-04-09 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/653,036 Continuation US20040114661A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2003-08-29 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020146055A1 US20020146055A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
US6641301B2 true US6641301B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
Family
ID=25252630
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/828,744 Expired - Lifetime US6641301B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-04-09 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
US10/653,036 Abandoned US20040114661A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2003-08-29 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/653,036 Abandoned US20040114661A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2003-08-29 | Radiation detector with passive air purge and reduced noise |
Country Status (1)
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US (2) | US6641301B2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030142403A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Kalley Eugene F. | Air purge system for optical sensor |
US20040254497A1 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2004-12-16 | Jacob Fraden | Ear temperature monitor and method of temperature measurement |
US7785266B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-08-31 | Advanced Monitors Corporation | Medical thermometer for determining body core temperature |
US7828743B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-11-09 | Advanced Monitors Corporation | Medical body core thermometer |
US9618401B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2017-04-11 | Alan C. Heller | Systems and devices for real time health status credentialing |
US9976908B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-05-22 | Exergen Corporation | Device for temperature measurements of surfaces with a low unknown and/or variable emissivity |
US10054495B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-08-21 | Exergen Corporation | Infrared contrasting color temperature measurement system |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7150559B1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2006-12-19 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Hot melt adhesive detection methods and systems |
US7213968B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2007-05-08 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Hot melt adhesive detection methods and systems |
EP1842587A1 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-10 | Sika Technology AG | The use of infrared thermography as a means for determining the hardening behaviour of a two-component composition |
US8596798B1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-12-03 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Transpiration purging access probe for particulate laden or hazardous environments |
CN107677375B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Calibration device and calibration method for infrared radiation measurement system |
Citations (25)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3404284A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1968-10-01 | United States Steel Corp | Pin-hole detector with air nozzles for cleaning scanner window |
US3744873A (en) * | 1972-01-03 | 1973-07-10 | Consolidation Coal Co | Apparatus for maintaining detecting devices free of contaminants |
US3969943A (en) * | 1974-03-06 | 1976-07-20 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of measuring the temperature of furnace hot stock and apparatus therefor |
US4204120A (en) * | 1977-05-20 | 1980-05-20 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | Process and apparatus for the measurement of the factor of infra-red absorption or emission of materials |
US4306835A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-12-22 | Avco Corporation | Air purging unit for an optical pyrometer of a gas turbine engine |
DE3312031A1 (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-10-06 | Elitex Zavody Textilniho | Air screen of a radiation thermometer |
US4456390A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-06-26 | Wahl Instruments, Inc. | Noncontact temperature measuring device |
US4636091A (en) | 1985-06-27 | 1987-01-13 | Exergen Corporation | Radiation detector having temperature readout |
US4738528A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-04-19 | General Electric Co. | Pyrometer vortex purge air cleaning system with center masked pyrometer lens |
US4854730A (en) | 1987-08-13 | 1989-08-08 | Jacob Fraden | Radiation thermometer and method for measuring temperature |
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US5012813A (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1991-05-07 | Exergen Corporation | Radiation detector having improved accuracy |
US5199436A (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1993-04-06 | Exergen Corporation | Radiation detector having improved accuracy |
US5229612A (en) | 1990-08-01 | 1993-07-20 | Exergen Corporation | Radiation detector with remote temperature reference |
US5245601A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1993-09-14 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Optical recorder and/or player including cleaning means |
US5333784A (en) | 1993-03-02 | 1994-08-02 | Exergen Corporation | Radiation detector with thermocouple calibration and remote temperature reference |
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US5690430A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-11-25 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring temperature and/or emissivity of steel strip during a coating process |
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US6027244A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2000-02-22 | Steag Rtp Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for determining the temperature of a semi-transparent radiating body |
US6091501A (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2000-07-18 | Neles Automation Oy | Method of keeping measuring window of measuring device clean, and measuring device |
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US3392282A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1968-07-09 | Barnes Eng Co | Automatic method of compensating radiometers for emissivity of the optics |
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US5094544A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-03-10 | Square D Company | Scanning infrared thermometer with DC offset and emissivity correction |
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-
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- 2003-08-29 US US10/653,036 patent/US20040114661A1/en not_active Abandoned
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"Barnes Engineering Company Model IT-3 Infrared Thermometer," (2 pages), Mar. 1964. * |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040254497A1 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2004-12-16 | Jacob Fraden | Ear temperature monitor and method of temperature measurement |
US20030142403A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Kalley Eugene F. | Air purge system for optical sensor |
US6890080B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2005-05-10 | Ircon, Inc. | Air purge system for optical sensor |
US7785266B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-08-31 | Advanced Monitors Corporation | Medical thermometer for determining body core temperature |
US7828743B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2010-11-09 | Advanced Monitors Corporation | Medical body core thermometer |
US7938783B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2011-05-10 | Advanced Monitors Corporation | Medical body core thermometer |
US9618401B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2017-04-11 | Alan C. Heller | Systems and devices for real time health status credentialing |
US9976908B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-05-22 | Exergen Corporation | Device for temperature measurements of surfaces with a low unknown and/or variable emissivity |
US10054495B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-08-21 | Exergen Corporation | Infrared contrasting color temperature measurement system |
US10704963B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2020-07-07 | Exergen Corporation | Infrared contrasting color emissivity measurement system |
US10955295B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2021-03-23 | Exergen Corporation | Method for temperature measurements of surfaces with a low, unknown and/or variable emissivity |
US11821794B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2023-11-21 | Exergen Corporation | Device and method for process control for surfaces with a low, unknown, and/or variable emissivity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040114661A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
US20020146055A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
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