US6580693B1 - Methods and apparatus for detecting leaks in ATM networks - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for detecting leaks in ATM networks Download PDFInfo
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- US6580693B1 US6580693B1 US09/316,973 US31697399A US6580693B1 US 6580693 B1 US6580693 B1 US 6580693B1 US 31697399 A US31697399 A US 31697399A US 6580693 B1 US6580693 B1 US 6580693B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04L2012/5626—Network management, e.g. Intelligent nets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04L2012/5627—Fault tolerance and recovery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to computer networks in general, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for detecting leaks in ATM networks.
- a basic feature of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks is the ability of network endpoints to set up and tear down virtual channel connections (VCC) through which two endpoints communicate.
- VCC virtual channel connections
- a first ATM endpoint sends a “SETUP” message in accordance with the ATM access signaling protocol, also referred to as the user-network interface (UNI) protocol, to an ATM switch to which it is connected.
- the ATM switch then communicates with other ATM switches to which it is attached in accordance with the ATM network signaling protocol, also referred to as the network-node interface (NNI) protocol, until a path is found to the desired second ATM endpoint.
- NNI network-node interface
- the second ATM endpoint accepts (or rejects) the connection, thus allowing communications to begin between the endpoints via the VCC.
- a VCC is comprised of a sequence of virtual channels (VC), where each VC is defined by a logical connection between two ATM network nodes over a physical link between a port on one node and a port on the other node.
- VC virtual channels
- nodes include both ATM endpoints and ATM switches.
- a VCC between a two endpoints A and D which is switched by two switches B and C along the path A-B-C-D comprises three VCs, one each between A and B, B and C, and C and D.
- Each VC is identified by a virtual channel identifier (VCI), and typically by a virtual path identifier (VPI) as well, both identifiers being assigned by the various switches along the VCC in accordance with signaling protocols.
- VCI virtual channel identifier
- VPN virtual path identifier
- the VPI/VCI of each VC vary along a single VCC, and it is the responsibility of each switch along the VCC to map each incoming VC to each outgoing VC by maintaining in memory the switch port and VPI/VCI of one VC and its mapping to the to the switch port and VPI/VCI of the next VC.
- Each endpoint also typically keeps track of the endpoint port and VPI/VCI for each VC through which the endpoint communicates.
- the VPI/VCI and port information maintained by an endpoint or a switch with respect to a VC is referred to herein as a “VC mapping.”
- An endpoint may tear down a VCC by sending a “RELEASE” message to the ATM switch to which it is connected along the VCC, whereupon each switch along the VCC and each endpoint is supposed to remove from its memory the VC mappings associated with the VCC being torn down.
- a switch or endpoint fails to remove from memory a VC mapping of a VCC being torn down, or places in memory a VC mapping that is not associated with a VCC.
- Such a VC mapping that is not associated with a currently established VCC is referred to herein as a “leak,” which are difficult to detect.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram which more clearly illustrates the concept of leaks in a prior art ATM network. Shown in FIG. 1 are five ATM network nodes including two endpoints 10 and 12 , and three switches 14 , 16 , and 18 . Each node in the illustration is configured with six ports 20 , numbered from 1 to 6 .
- a first VCC 22 is shown connecting endpoints 10 and 12 and is defined by three VCs 24 , 26 , and 28 .
- a second VCC 30 is shown connecting endpoints 10 and 12 and is defined by three VCs 32 , 34 , and 36 .
- a leak 38 is shown with respect to switch 14 , ports 3 and 4 of which are mapped to each other not in connection with either VCC 22 or 30 .
- the present invention seeks to provide methods and apparatus for detecting leaks in ATM networks.
- a method for detecting leaks in an ATM network including the steps of a) creating an entity interconnection map including mappings of port interconnections among a plurality of network nodes, the plurality of network nodes includes a plurality of network endpoints and at least one network switch, b) creating an endpoint map including at least one endpoint mapping of at least one port to at least one virtual identifier for at least one of the network endpoints and a leak indicator for the at least one network endpoint indicating that the network endpoint is either of a transmitting endpoint and a receiving endpoint, c) creating a switch map including at least one switch mapping of at least one port and virtual identifier grouping to at least one other port and virtual identifier grouping for the at least one network switch, d) initializing a leak indicator for each of the endpoint mappings and the switch mappings to indicate a leak condition, e) traversing a virtual channel connection from each transmitting endpoint in the end
- the method further includes the step of reporting a leak condition for any of the mappings whose leak indicator indicates a leak condition.
- the virtual identifiers include either of a virtual channel identifier and a virtual path identifier.
- the method further includes the steps of g) performing all of the steps a)-f) on a first representation of the ATM network at a first moment in time, h) thereafter performing all of the steps a)-f) on a second representation of the ATM network at a second moment in time, and i) identifying any of the mappings which exists at both of the first and second moments in time and whose leak indicator indicates a leak condition at both of the first and second moments in time.
- the method further includes the steps of l) initializing a true leak indicator for any of the mappings which exists at both of the first and second moments in time to indicate a no-true-leak condition, and m) setting each of the true leak indicators to indicate a true-leak condition for any of the mappings identified in step i).
- the method further includes the step of reporting a true leak condition for any of the mappings identified in step i).
- the creating step b) includes receiving a notification from any of the network endpoints, the notification including the mapping of at least one port to at least one virtual identifier and the leak indicator indicating that the network endpoint is either of a transmitting endpoint and a receiving endpoint.
- the creating step c) includes receiving a notification from any of the network switches, the notification including the mapping of at least one port and virtual identifier grouping to at least one other port and virtual identifier grouping.
- the notification is received as the result of an SNMP trap.
- network, node, switch, endpoint, and port may refer to any hardware and/or software implementation thereof, including software simulations thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a prior art ATM network in which leaks are present
- FIG. 2 is a simplified flowchart illustration of a method for detecting leaks in an ATM network, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a simplified conceptual illustration of logical groupings of ATM network data useful in understanding the method of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a simplified flowchart illustration of another method for detecting leaks in an ATM network, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified flowchart illustration of a method for providing a snapshot of an ATM network using SNMP traps, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified flowchart illustration of a method for detecting leaks in an ATM network, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a simplified conceptual illustration of logical groupings of ATM network data useful in understanding the method of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 1 is also useful in understanding FIGS. 2 and 3 as the illustrative entity, port, and connectivity data shown in FIG. 3 correspond to endpoints 10 and 12 , switches 14 , 16 , and 18 , ports 20 , and associated connections as they appear in FIG. 1 .
- entity interconnection data In the method of FIG. 2 three types of data are assembled: entity interconnection data, endpoint VC data, and switch VC data (step 60 ).
- An entity interconnection map 40 is typically created including a list of pairs of network nodes, alternately referred to herein as “entities,” and the ports via which the nodes are connected.
- record 42 shown in dashed lines
- map 40 shows that endpoint 10 is connected at port 4 to switch 14 at port 1 .
- a switch map 52 is typically created including mappings of each port and VPI/VCI for incoming VCs to the port and VPI/VCI of outgoing VCs known to each switch
- a record 54 shown in dashed lines
- Map 52 also typically includes leak indicator 48 for storing an indication of a leak, as will be described below.
- the data collected in maps 40 , 44 and 52 are preferably collected to provide a “snapshot” of the state of the ATM network at a specific moment in time.
- a preferred method of collecting data for maps 40 , 44 and 52 is described in greater detail hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 5 .
- the leak indicator for each endpoint mapping and switch mapping along a successfully traversed virtual channel connection is then set to indicate a no-leak condition, such as is indicated by a predetermined value such as “No leak.”
- the traversal of virtual channel connections is preferably done as follows.
- step 66 1) Look in the map 40 and find any records B indicating the entity and port in record A (step 66 );
- step 74 If no record B is found, it's a leak—do nothing. Proceed to the next record A in map 44 (step 74 ). Return to step 1).
- step 70 If no such record C is found, look in map 48 for the first record D for which VC 1 (step 70 ):
- step 78 If no such record D is found, it's a leak—do nothing (step 78 ). Proceed to the next record in map 44 . Return to step 1).
- steps 1)-8 If no such record E is found, repeat steps 1)-8), preferably recursively, using the entity, port, and VPI/VCI of VC 2 of record D in place of the corresponding values in record A. If records C or E are found during any recursion, set the link indicators for records A, D, and E in all previous recursions in the current recursion chain to indicate “No leak.”
- ATM network having one or more VP switches that provide VP tunneling may be accommodated by the method of FIG. 2 by storing a predetermined value in the VCI fields of map 48 to indicate that the VC is a VP tunnel connection.
- FIG. 4 is a simplified flowchart illustration of another method for detecting leaks in an ATM network, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the method of FIG. 4 is substantially similar to the method of FIG. 2 with the exception that the steps of the method of FIG. 2 are carried out at at least two different moments in time, with the data collected in maps 40 , 44 and 52 being maintained separately for each time the steps of the method of FIG. 2 are performed.
- the data in maps 40 , 44 and 52 collected at a first moment in time (step 80 ) are then compared to corresponding data collected at a second moment in time (step 82 ).
- mappings are then identified that exist at both moments in time and whose leak indicator indicates a leak condition at both moments in time (step 84 ). Such mappings provide a more reliable indication if a true leak condition where the same leak has been detected at two different moments in time.
- a true leak indicator may be initialized for any of the mappings which exists at both moments in time to indicate a no-true-leak condition, and set each of the true leak indicators to indicate a true-leak condition for any of the mappings where the same leak has been detected at two different moments in time.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified flowchart illustration of a method for providing a snapshot of an ATM network using SNMP traps, the method being operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the ATM network may be a real network where the data collected in maps 40 , 44 and 52 (FIG. 3) are collected by setting Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps for each endpoint and switch (step 90 ).
- SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
- the switch or endpoint provides the VC and port data to a Network Management System (NMS) which may implement the methods described herein or which may provide the collected data to another computer (step 94 ).
- NMS Network Management System
- the method terminates. If not, the method continues with step 92 .
- leak detection methods described herein may be implemented entirely as a software simulation on one or more computers.
- the program instructions normally assembled with each endpoint and switch that relate to VCC connection setup and tear down are run as one or more processes in a computer memory, preferably with each switch and endpoint running as a separate process. Data traps may then be added to each process in order to gather the data needed for maps 40 , 44 , and 52 (FIG. 3 ).
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030046390A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-03-06 | Scott Ball | Systems and methods for construction multi-layer topological models of computer networks |
US20030056140A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-03-20 | Taylor David K. | Help desk systems and methods for use with communications networks |
US20030149919A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-08-07 | Joseph Greenwald | Systems and methods for diagnosing faults in computer networks |
US20040078683A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2004-04-22 | Buia Christhoper A. | Systems and methods for managing and analyzing faults in computer networks |
US20060050665A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Leon Bruckman | Multipoint to multipoint communication over ring topologies |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030046390A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-03-06 | Scott Ball | Systems and methods for construction multi-layer topological models of computer networks |
US20030056140A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-03-20 | Taylor David K. | Help desk systems and methods for use with communications networks |
US20030149919A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-08-07 | Joseph Greenwald | Systems and methods for diagnosing faults in computer networks |
US20040078683A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2004-04-22 | Buia Christhoper A. | Systems and methods for managing and analyzing faults in computer networks |
US7237138B2 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2007-06-26 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Systems and methods for diagnosing faults in computer networks |
US7281170B2 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2007-10-09 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Help desk systems and methods for use with communications networks |
US7500143B2 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2009-03-03 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Systems and methods for managing and analyzing faults in computer networks |
US7752024B2 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2010-07-06 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Systems and methods for constructing multi-layer topological models of computer networks |
US20060050665A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Leon Bruckman | Multipoint to multipoint communication over ring topologies |
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