US6563A - office - Google Patents

Description

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' provenierits in the means of manufacturing drawing the material through adieor hole over ving a mass ofhot and half-solid met wise of the pipe. Another vmode provides forA That our improvementsditfer'with all foregoshown hereiuafter,wi1l be preferable. The met- Umrnn STATES Jas. n. sERnnLL AND DAVID ArENr Frise SMITH, or new YORK, N. Y.

C-ENTRIPETAL PRESS.

.To all whom it may' concern.' 1 Be it knownthat we, JAMES E. SERREL-L, civil engineer, and DAVIDSMIT-H," lead-pipe manufacturer,'both of the city of New York, have invented-and made certain new z i-nd'usefu'l,im-

lad pipe from a slug of metal in-closed or cast in a cell, and-compressed upon a mandrel in lateral directions, so 4that `the 'pressure around is concentrated in-the center on the material, and forcesthat portionof vlead to rise between parts that give the material-the required form whileissuiug fromthe cel-l'by a new arrange,- ment of mechanical means, operated lon by a hydraulic press or ,anyv other competent power. That the general arrangement of me: chan-icalI parts "hereinafter deseribed, though4 originally intended by us. for making leadpipe, may be applied tdotheruses, and give other formsto other ductile metals, or give other 'forms to other substances, either through local -variations of `the parts that. givethe required' form to the material, or by mechanical variations of the means employed through'which the power operates on'the'forming parts, these effects being produced by means substantially the same as those we use, anddeseribe hereinafteras ourinvention and improvements, and for which improvements we seek Letters Patent oftheUnited States.. That one4 of the ori ginal modes of maki ng lead or other pipe 'was by a mandrelor core. That other'inodes of compressing slugs oiingots by hydraulic-pressure now in use effectthe forming pipe by. compress-A al endwise, which mass i s separated to pass on each side of the bridge by which the mandrel is held, and has toweld or reunite beyond this point, thus risking an imperfectly -adhesive seam length- `compressing the metal -intopipe, which is forced out through or behind the compressingrai'n or follower, and inl nearly all-such casest a considerable portion of the slug o r ingot of metal is left in the chamberof compression.

ing modes by Acasting the meta-l round a'core or mandrel of any proper size in the center of acell, which vcell may be of almost any form; but it is believed aisquare, as described and al is then securely covered hva movable platen operating on the material.

tional' elevation o f the lower .portion of Figi,A

4vided at the line l 1 ei' Figs. 3, 4, Vbelow the line-'C D,- Fig. l. Fig. [of the machine at" and below the line A B of Figs; 1` and 2,"showing the relative positions havinga die or hole round' the upper end or point of the.l core or mandrel, of a size'to give thel pipe any-proper thickness round the bore formed by the core or mandrel, and a competentlateralcompressionforces'the metal to issue through the die round the core or mandrel with therequired size of bore' and thickness ofpipe.. .y

The general means of effecting these objects are fully and substantially setfor'th and shown in the following description, referringto the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l'is a full elevation of a complete machine for making lead pipe, when ready for Fig. 2. is a seeshowing'the machine as it would appear if diand 5, but

ofthefoot-p'late, lower and pressing platen,

. and the positionofthe pressing-wedges.' Fig.

4 is a plan of the partsV at, around, and below the line G D, but above the line A B,- Fjgs. 1 vand, 2, and 'shows the form of the press-earriage with the relative positions ofthe pressing-wedges, andforms of the lateral pressingblocks with the cell for the slug or ingot, and the, mandrel o r; core, to form the bore of .the

- pipe, shown as wheirready to 'commence work and forni the pipe. Fig. 5 isa plan of the vpress-blocks shown i'n Fig. 4, but represented as in the positions they assume, when closed in after forming onel length of pipe from the slug .or ingotl of metal.. Fig. 6 isa sectional elevation ofthe parts above the line C D, Figs; l and 2, taken in tl1e. line]2 12 of Figs. 4 and 7, or nearly at an angle of fortyfive degrees wi th the Figs'. l and 2; Fi 7 is a plan ofthe parts at and below the line E F, Figs. l and, show- -in'g theform of the covering, holding, and opening. platen, the position for the core and die to form' the bore and thieknessof the pipe, and the working-joints and screws of the togglc-armsthat govern .the-action of this platen,

v'1a-nd the same. letters and numbers and otherv marks of reference apply-to the like parts in all the severaligures. p l

In these iigures, G is a hydraulic-press c5l inder, beneaththe foot-plate ll, which 'pla-te is connected by 1 ie-rods a a to the head-plate .L ln, the cylinder G- is the 'ram b. the top of 3 is a plan` which takes a metal block,1-c, beneath the pressing'-I'ilaten I.' On this platen I'are'our vertical wedges, d d d d. 'These are vvshown inv Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,;and7 ajs formed with outsides vertically parallel tol-the axis ofthe' machine,

and from theirupper'fends' downwardincreas# p ing their Athickness inward in the -li11e"=oi" aar arc of acir,ele, ..whichA increase of thickness is shown as in the, proportion ,of -three fat the bottoni to one atl thev topina length 4oftwelve5 l but we do not mean toconinel ourselw'fes to these proportionsno'r to the form of the' inner faces of. thesewedges, as we :intend to fuse wedges of either two straight lines' divergingA toward the' bottom, or ',to'use ajstraight outer face and a parabolicallyfcurved; inner face, in any case having in view the obtaining' the smallest 'compressive motion 'and greatestpower at starting the machinery,-and increasl ing the rate of the compressing action as Ithe lower partsQfthe wedges come-up to act on the reduced andsmaller quantity of metal or other material under compression, bygiving the lower and larger ends of the'wedges such an increase of thickness as is, found practically best for this purpose, according to the density or'ductility of the material operated on.-

K isa fixed pressl carriagefblockecuredin I'place lon the tierods 3, (See Figs.4 -1 `and 2,) and having. at f j ff ver"- tical vflanges servingv as vholders. and guides at the back of the wedges d d d d, that come.

vthrough the block ,I Between the returns of each two flanges f are'qcontinued other' guide'ilanges, e 'c c c, standing on the block K at an angle-offorty-ve degrees-with the Iian ges .Eacliof these ilanges c has a-tongue or prof j ection, 4, and thro'ugheach flange e and tongue 4 are two er more screw-bolts, 5, the points of which take a slide-cap, 6, that stands against one face .of each of the lateral press-blocks y. g f g g. Betweeneach wedge d and press-block g 'is an intermediate knuckle-block, 7, formed section ally as seen iu Fig. 2, so that. it accommodates itself to the variations of the vertical angle formed on the face-of each wedge d as that rises, and a flange -at each end of each block 7 takes a notch in the face ol'each 'press-v block gf, so that the knuckle-block and pressblock g move regularly together. angle of the same face, and next the face ofthe next block, each pressing-block f/ is fitteda with a returned into a returned groove, 14:,l in theface of each wedge d, which groove iscut out of the perpendicular-With the top to the right, as 'seen in Fig. 2, so that though the wedges d each aseend perpendicularly and all at the same time, the press-blocks r/ areeac'h forced inv a compound direction, both sidewisey and laterally, or inward toward the center of the machine, in such a manner that the inner angle of each block g travels toward thecenter at an angle i of forty-five degrees with the face of the pressing-wedge, 4when four wedges and blocks are used,as shown and described herein butit will be readily understood that the number of these a a by collars 2 and nuts guide-hook, 13, that takes 'handed and left-handed screws 11v 11.

'wedges and blocks 'maybe varied lto suit any gven'u'se, and'that as thenumberis is varied'the' Aline'iof the angle in which each blockv travels will bevaried correspondingly with the numvFor instance,three" blocks will travel at au angle of thirty deglees ber of wedges and blocks.

with the faces" of -the three wedges, andmthis `number `may sometimes be. used advantageously, as this angle slides easy against considerable resistance, butdoes not come up to -the medium or balance'` of eifectlbetween' repower thatthe'angle of sistanceffriction, and

forty-iive degrees obtains, while, on the .con=

irary,if a morerapid movement is admissible,

iive blocks. moving at an angle of fifty-four de`- grees, with' the faces ofthe' ve wedges or six blocks moving at an angle of sixty degrees with thefaces of sijx wedges, may be employed; but eight'blocks, moving at an angle of sixty-seven degrees thirty ninutes with the faces of eight Wedges, would probablvbe of very small useful 4eieet, and we state these numbers, angles,

and effects, as we intend'to use any number of WedgesA or --analogous means to give. lateral compression on -blocks moving laterally that may be most availablefor any given purpose. Between the four lateral y.and central pressing.- blocks g'last described isA the cell 15 shown in .Figsi- 2 and 4 as open and ready'for receiving fluid -metal cast in round'thecore or mandrel o in its center; and in Fig. 5 the cell is shown as nearly closed after-compressing the slug. Above the cell -15 is the covering, hold ing, and,v opening platen h, (see Figs. 1,12, 6, and 7,) the use of which is to close the cell 15 after themetal is poured in to form the slug, Iand'to hold the to prevent their risingand yet permit their lateral movement'. ln the center of the lower 'face of the platengk 'is ar die, l17', made as' seen sectionally in Figs. 2 and 6, operating round the core or mandrel 0,'to give the pipe the re'- quired thickness round 4the bore. Upon'the platen h are two knuckle-joint pieces, 8 8, receiving the lower ends of a pair of toggle-joint arms, i i, the upper arms, k jointed at 9\'9 to the head-block L. The intermediate joints of these toggl e-arms are made double, las shown at 1.0 10, and the ends of the "ifnterm 4listejoint-pieees are made to project,`

sc that each joint-piece 10 forms a nut at-each side ofthe joint, to pass the threadsof rightshafts of these screws-pass through pair of sliding guide-grommets, 1616, on two of the tie-'rods a a, and have mounted on one end of each a matching tooth-wheel, l l, working xtogether to move the screws 11 11 at the same speed, in or out; -and as this operation proceeds the guide-grommets 16 slide up or down, the use of these being. merely to steady the 'ends4 of the screws, as ,these are necessarily placed on eachside the tie-rods, to leave room .for the ascent ofthe wedges d d; and `on one ily-wheel, mi, with a crank shaft 11 is a small handle, n', or this wheel mmay bea drum connccted to power in any convenient manner.

lateral press-blocks g g, so asv "k, of which are.'

The

By turning the screws 11 11 inward,.the cover- I 19', at their outer ends, and a joint, 20, on the platen h is lifted, to allow of pouring the melted and iuid lead into the, cell 15, in which the metal is skimmed, asusual, to take off dirt and oxidation, and before themetal is set the cover-platen h is let down by screwing the screws 11 11 outward. f This both closes the top of the cell 15 and holds down the pressing-blocks g'g, as before referred to and described. When thus ready, the hydraulic press or other fit power is to be put in action to raise and the fluid-lead held within them commences to rise,`and the ascending part first' fills the die 17 round the mandrel. The motion of the press or power is then suspended until the metal is just solid, and the press or power then recommencing, the metal issues through the die 17 in theform4 of a pipe, and ascendsy betweenthe screws and toggle-joints, and is led out of [a holeA in the center of the head-4 blockL. (See Fig. 6.) As the pipe issues, the metal within decreasing in' 'resistance' in proportion to the decrease of quantity, the curved faces of the wedges d dforce the pressing-block, g" inward at' a' rate increasing in speed ais-the compressed metal diminishes' in quantity and resistance, the knuckle-blocks 7 accommodatingthemselves to the faces ofthe. A wedges, and this operation proceeds-until fthe press-blocks, closing on .the lcenterh 'ave left a-very small `quantity of material *round the mandrel. One important di'erence between this and former machinery for such or'similar purposes is, that the compressing action being 'alike on allthe sides of the'cell 15, the' pressure is concentrated round the core. This beingslightly conical, assists the -metal insliding or sheathing ofi", and theultimateeectivepressure is denoted .when that on one side is multiplied by? the'whole number 'of press-blocks g in motion, insteadof being limited to the same amountof pressure acting ou the surface off one part, as in similar uses. y A

It will be readily seen that ythe pressingblocks g g maybe' forced inward by the d'irect action of hydraulic presses acting in the same line with'the blocks; or that radial rods 18, Fig. 8, having each .an immovable pivot,

former machines for this or inner ends to the corresponding press-block g with the body of the machine forced into a limited rotation on the center in the direction of the arrows; or lateral toggle-joints, cams, or eccentrics may either of them be used to give the press-blocks g g a simultaneous lat- .eral and uniform movement, compressing-the Vmaterial they operate on toward the center of the machine without any substantial departure from the arrangement we have herein described and' shown as our invention, the esseutial elements of which consist in the operating, from any plurality of points of motion, to produce a simultaneously acting lateral 'compression on any plurality 'of surfaces of any given substance, andy to force the substance, under this treatment, to assume any required form which the machine and power are competent to produce; and we consider this invention as essentiallydiffering from all others for similar purposes, l because all such others, as far as we know. operate by apply- -ing the power from one or two points-only in a direct line upon one or two lsurfaces only,

instead of applying' the power so that it shall beconcentrated onthe center of thev material, and-that the same maximum'eifect. shall be produced and'operate on each of several surfaces and at the same instant of time andprogress.

vWhatwe elaimlassnew and of our own 'invention', and desire to secure by Letters Patent-of the United States, ise- ,The application of a plurality of pressingblocks,'g g, which, with the exception of the bottom and top, inclose on`al1 sides the material to vbe acted on,andwhich blocks are so constructed as to allo'w'of their lateral compressing action when moved in the compound jdirection herein described by a like number of w'edges, d d, orwith any analogous or equivalent device, through which any' competent powervcanact to forcethe blocks g with a simultaneous compound and centripetal motion that concentrates the'pressure on a plurality of surfaces of material to give the material a required form or degree of pressure, substantially as described and shown. l

In witness whereof we have hereunto'subscribed our names,- in the city of New York, this 16th day of April, 1849.

JAMES E. SERRELL. DAVID SMITH.

Witnesses:

W. SERRELL. LEMUEL W.S1;RR.ELL.

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