US6527199B1 - Fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US6527199B1
US6527199B1 US09/653,980 US65398000A US6527199B1 US 6527199 B1 US6527199 B1 US 6527199B1 US 65398000 A US65398000 A US 65398000A US 6527199 B1 US6527199 B1 US 6527199B1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
passage
pressure relief
nozzle
relief piston
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US09/653,980
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Volker Schwarz
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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DaimlerChrysler AG
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Assigned to DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG reassignment DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHWARZ, VOLKER
Assigned to DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG reassignment DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHWARZ, VOLKER
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve of an injection pump-line-nozzle system provided for a Diesel internal combustion engine with an injector holder and an injection valve needle which is disposed in an injector body so as to be longitudinally movable against a force applied thereto by a compression spring and which is surrounded by a pressure chamber to which fuel to be injected is supplied via a fuel supply passage.
  • DE 44 41 603 A1 discloses such a pump-line-nozzle system wherein fuel is supplied from a fuel injection pump by way of a fuel line to a fuel injector.
  • FIG. 17 further shows a fuel injection valve wherein a spring-biased nozzle needle is longitudinally movably supported in an injector body wherein it is surrounded by a pressure chamber to which a fuel supply line leads.
  • the nozzle needle is engaged via a pressure pin by a pressure bolt on which a compression spring acts.
  • a fuel injection valve for a pump-line-injector system of an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector with a nozzle body, a nozzle needle longitudinally movably supported in the nozzle body between a seated nozzle closing position and a lift-off position assumed during fuel injection
  • the nozzle includes a fuel supply passage, a fuel drain passage, a connecting passage extending from the fuel supply passage to the fuel drain passage, and a spring-loaded pressure relief piston forming a control valve disposed in the path of the pressurized fuel from the fuel supply passage to the drain passage for controlling the pressure of the fuel supplied to the nozzle needle during fuel injection into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector according to the invention with a pressure-controlled pressure relief valve
  • FIG. 2 shows a fuel injector according to the invention with a mechanically controlled pressure relief valve
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 a , 4 b , and 4 c are enlarged views showing the pressure relief valve in different positions.
  • a fuel injector 1 for a pump-line-nozzle system which is not shown in detail but which is commonly used in connection with Diesel internal combustion engines, comprises a nozzle body 2 including a nozzle needle 4 , which is axially movably disposed in the nozzle body 2 against the force of a spring 3 .
  • the injector further comprises a nozzle holder 5 , which is mounted to the nozzle body 2 by means of a nozzle clamping unit 6 .
  • the nozzle needle 4 includes a pressure shoulder 4 a , which is surrounded by a pressure chamber 7 , that is in communication with a pressurized fuel supply passage 8 .
  • the fuel supply passage 8 extends first transversely through the body 2 and then parallel to the axis of the nozzle holder 5 and an intermediate disc 11 and finally at an angle down to the pressure chamber 7 .
  • the nozzle holder 5 includes a cylindrical bore 12 in which a spring-loaded pressure relief piston 13 with a passage structure 14 is disposed so as to be longitudinally movable therein.
  • the passage structure 14 includes a central bore 14 a with a throttle 15 and a transverse bore 14 b in communication with the central bore 14 a.
  • the cylindrical bore 12 is in communication with the transverse section 8 a of the fuel supply passage 8 by way of a first passage section 16 a of a return passage 16 , wherein the first passage section 16 a extends coaxially with central bore 14 a.
  • the cylindrical bore 12 includes an annular control groove 17 from which a second passage section 16 b extends transversely through the nozzle holder up to the discharge side 18 to which a fuel return line is connected, which, however, is not shown in detail.
  • the pressure relief piston 13 which acts as a control valve is biased onto its seat 20 by a compression spring 19 .
  • This position is the basic position of the pressure relief piston 13 , wherein the transverse bore 14 b of the pressure relief piston 13 is disposed slightly below the control groove 17 which cooperates with the transverse bore 14 b.
  • an operating rod 21 is disposed between the pressure relief piston 13 and the nozzle needle 4 for operating the pressure relief piston 13 .
  • a transverse first passage sections 16 c of the fuel supply passage 8 extends sidewardly from the cylindrical bore 12 for communication with the inlet 9 in an area adjacent the seat 14 a of the relief piston valve 13 .
  • the pressurized fuel supplied by a fuel injection pump to the inlet 9 pressurizes the nozzle area of the fuel injector 1 as well as the underside of the pressure relief piston 13 .
  • the nozzle needle 4 is lifted off the needle seat and the fuel injection begins.
  • the pressure level and the beginning of the movement of the pressure relief piston is determined by the pre-tensioning force of the compression spring 19 .
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein pressurization of the underside of the pressure relief piston 13 is initiated by the nozzle needle 4 by which the piston 13 is first lifted to initiate communication with the pressurized fuel supply by way of the passage section 16 c .
  • the compression spring 19 can be substantially softer in this embodiment.
  • the return flow path from the control groove 17 to the fuel return line is somewhat different.
  • the additional throttle structure 16 e used therein to conduct the fuel to the outlet 18 the lifting speed of the pressure relief piston can be controlled.
  • a pressurized fluid discharge flow path is established by way of the passage 16 d.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

In a fuel injection valve for a pump-line-injector system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel injector with a nozzle body, a nozzle needle longitudinally movably supported in the nozzle body between a seated nozzle closing position and a lift-off position assumed during fuel injection, the nozzle includes a fuel supply passage, a fuel drain passage, a connecting passage extending from the fuel supply passage to the fuel drain passage, and a spring-loaded pressure relief piston forming a control valve disposed in the path of the pressurized fuel from the fuel supply passage to the drain passage for controlling the pressure of the fuel supplied to the nozzle needle during fuel injection into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a fuel injection valve of an injection pump-line-nozzle system provided for a Diesel internal combustion engine with an injector holder and an injection valve needle which is disposed in an injector body so as to be longitudinally movable against a force applied thereto by a compression spring and which is surrounded by a pressure chamber to which fuel to be injected is supplied via a fuel supply passage.
DE 44 41 603 A1 discloses such a pump-line-nozzle system wherein fuel is supplied from a fuel injection pump by way of a fuel line to a fuel injector.
MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 57(1996)4, FIG. 17, further shows a fuel injection valve wherein a spring-biased nozzle needle is longitudinally movably supported in an injector body wherein it is surrounded by a pressure chamber to which a fuel supply line leads. The nozzle needle is engaged via a pressure pin by a pressure bolt on which a compression spring acts. With this so-called two-spring nozzle holder combination, a stepped injection can be achieved since first only one spring but later both springs are activated. In this way, a noticeable noise reduction can be achieved.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a fuel injection valve with which, by appropriate control of the fuel return, the NOx emissions of the engine and also the generation of noises can be reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a fuel injection valve for a pump-line-injector system of an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector with a nozzle body, a nozzle needle longitudinally movably supported in the nozzle body between a seated nozzle closing position and a lift-off position assumed during fuel injection, the nozzle includes a fuel supply passage, a fuel drain passage, a connecting passage extending from the fuel supply passage to the fuel drain passage, and a spring-loaded pressure relief piston forming a control valve disposed in the path of the pressurized fuel from the fuel supply passage to the drain passage for controlling the pressure of the fuel supplied to the nozzle needle during fuel injection into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
With the pressure relief piston arranged in the return line so as to act as a control valve, a flow connection can be established during fuel injection between the fuel supply passage and the fuel return line returning fuel to the fuel tank for a short period whereby the fuel injection pressure can be lowered within a well-defined range of the pressure curve. As a result, the amount of fuel injected during that phase is reduced. In this way, the noise generation and the NOx emissions of the Diesel internal combustion engine as well as the fuel consumption can be positively influenced.
The invention will be described below in greater detail on the basis of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector according to the invention with a pressure-controlled pressure relief valve,
FIG. 2 shows a fuel injector according to the invention with a mechanically controlled pressure relief valve,
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention, and
FIGS. 4a, 4 b, and 4 c are enlarged views showing the pressure relief valve in different positions.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A fuel injector 1 for a pump-line-nozzle system, which is not shown in detail but which is commonly used in connection with Diesel internal combustion engines, comprises a nozzle body 2 including a nozzle needle 4, which is axially movably disposed in the nozzle body 2 against the force of a spring 3. The injector further comprises a nozzle holder 5, which is mounted to the nozzle body 2 by means of a nozzle clamping unit 6.
The nozzle needle 4 includes a pressure shoulder 4 a, which is surrounded by a pressure chamber 7, that is in communication with a pressurized fuel supply passage 8. Between the inlet end 9 at the nozzle holder 5 above the spring chamber 10, which receives the compression spring 3 engaging the nozzle needle 4 and the pressure chamber 7, the fuel supply passage 8 extends first transversely through the body 2 and then parallel to the axis of the nozzle holder 5 and an intermediate disc 11 and finally at an angle down to the pressure chamber 7.
The nozzle holder 5 includes a cylindrical bore 12 in which a spring-loaded pressure relief piston 13 with a passage structure 14 is disposed so as to be longitudinally movable therein. The passage structure 14 includes a central bore 14 a with a throttle 15 and a transverse bore 14 b in communication with the central bore 14 a.
The cylindrical bore 12 is in communication with the transverse section 8 a of the fuel supply passage 8 by way of a first passage section 16 a of a return passage 16, wherein the first passage section 16 a extends coaxially with central bore 14 a.
The cylindrical bore 12 includes an annular control groove 17 from which a second passage section 16 b extends transversely through the nozzle holder up to the discharge side 18 to which a fuel return line is connected, which, however, is not shown in detail.
The pressure relief piston 13, which acts as a control valve is biased onto its seat 20 by a compression spring 19. This position is the basic position of the pressure relief piston 13, wherein the transverse bore 14 b of the pressure relief piston 13 is disposed slightly below the control groove 17 which cooperates with the transverse bore 14 b.
In the fuel injector 1 according to FIG. 2, an operating rod 21 is disposed between the pressure relief piston 13 and the nozzle needle 4 for operating the pressure relief piston 13. From the inlet 9 of the pressurized fuel supply passage 8, a transverse first passage sections 16 c of the fuel supply passage 8 extends sidewardly from the cylindrical bore 12 for communication with the inlet 9 in an area adjacent the seat 14 a of the relief piston valve 13.
Operation of the Injector 1 Provided with the Pressure Relief Piston 13 in Accordance with FIG. 1 and 4 a-4 c
The pressurized fuel supplied by a fuel injection pump to the inlet 9 pressurizes the nozzle area of the fuel injector 1 as well as the underside of the pressure relief piston 13. At a predetermined pressure level, the nozzle needle 4 is lifted off the needle seat and the fuel injection begins. The pressure level and the beginning of the movement of the pressure relief piston is determined by the pre-tensioning force of the compression spring 19.
In the basic rest position of the pressure relief piston 13, the fuel return flow to the tank is interrupted (FIG. 1 and FIG. 4a). As soon as the movement of the pressure relief piston 13 begins, communication to the fuel return line is established by way of the transverse bore 14 b and the control groove 17—after a predetermined idle travel distance (FIG. 4b). In this way, the pressure in the system is reduced dependent on the flow cross-section of the throttle 15, which is at the beginning of the fuel injection. At a certain piston travel distance of the pressure relief piston 13, the communication to the return line by way of the transverse passage 14 b and the control groove 17 is interrupted and the phase of reduced pressure fuel supply is ended, (FIG. 4c) as the fuel discharge passage section 16 b is blocked by the piston 13.
In FIG. 2, another embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein pressurization of the underside of the pressure relief piston 13 is initiated by the nozzle needle 4 by which the piston 13 is first lifted to initiate communication with the pressurized fuel supply by way of the passage section 16 c. In this way, it is made sure that the fuel pressure curve is shaped only after the opening of the fuel injection nozzle. The compression spring 19 can be substantially softer in this embodiment.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the return flow path from the control groove 17 to the fuel return line is somewhat different. With the additional throttle structure 16 e used therein to conduct the fuel to the outlet 18, the lifting speed of the pressure relief piston can be controlled. Upon lifting of the piston 13, a pressurized fluid discharge flow path is established by way of the passage 16 d.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A fuel injection valve for a fuel injection pump-line-nozzle system of an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector with a nozzle body, a nozzle needle supported in said nozzle body so as to be longitudinally movable therein between a seated nozzle closing position and a lift-off position, wherein fuel is ejected from the fuel injection valve, said nozzle body including a fuel supply passage for supplying fuel under pressure to said nozzle, a fuel drain passage for releasing fuel from said nozzle body, a connecting passage extending from said fuel supply passage to said fuel drain passage and a spring-loaded pressure relief piston forming a control valve disposed in the path of said pressurized fuel from said fuel supply passage to said fuel drain passage for controlling the pressure of the fuel supplied to said nozzle needle during fuel injection into a cylinder, said pressure relief piston including a passage arrangement by way of which the fuel supply passage is placed into communication with the fuel drain passage and a drain line for returning fuel to a tank when the injection pump generates a predetermined opening pressure, said passage arrangement in said pressure relief piston having a central bore including a throttle and a transverse bore extending transverse to the central bore, and the nozzle body includes an annular control groove cooperating with the transverse bore for returning fuel to the fuel tank when said pressure relief piston is moved a certain distance upon opening of the injection valve as a result of the pressure generated in the fuel supply passage.
2. A fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein said pressure relief piston has a base rest position wherein it is biased by said compression spring toward its seated position and delimits a pressure chamber which is in communication with the fuel supply passage by way of a first passage section of the drain passage which extends coaxially with a central bore in said pressure relief piston and wherein the drain passage includes a second passage section which extends radially outwardly from the annular control groove.
3. A fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein an operating rod is disposed between said pressure relief piston and said nozzle needle, and said pressure relief piston is spring-biased toward, and into engagement with, said pressure relief piston and wherein a first passage section extends from said fuel supply passage sidewardly to said pressure relief piston adjacent its sealed end and a second passage section extends from said annular control groove radially outwardly to a drain line for returning fuel to a tank.
4. A fuel injection valve according to claim 1, wherein an operating rod extends between the pressure relief piston and the nozzle needle for moving the pressure relief piston off its seated position when the nozzle needle is lifted, and wherein a first passage section of the drain passage extends from the fuel supply passage to an area of the relief piston adjacent its seated end and a second passage section of the drain passage, which extends from the annular control groove, is in communication with a low pressure chamber delimited by the pressure relief control piston and a passage section acting as a throttle extends from the low pressure chamber radially outwardly for returning fuel to a tank.
US09/653,980 1999-09-04 2000-09-01 Fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related US6527199B1 (en)

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DE19942291 1999-09-04
DE19942291A DE19942291C2 (en) 1999-09-04 1999-09-04 Fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050136204A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-23 Sonoco Development, Inc. Multi-ply linear draw support post
US20090314259A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Caterpillar Inc. Electronic pressure relief in a mechanically actuated fuel injector
US20110315909A1 (en) * 2010-06-29 2011-12-29 Nippon Soken, Inc. Constant-residual-pressure valve

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10138574A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-02-27 Degussa Granules based on pyrogenically produced aluminum oxide, process for their production and their use
FR2842257B1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2006-08-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INJECTING A LIQUID FUEL, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
EP1899598A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2008-03-19 Universität Karlsruhe Method and device for the direct injection of fuel into reciprocating internal combustion engines
DE102008001497A1 (en) 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Carl Zeiss Smt Ag Optical subsystem i.e. projection lens, for projection illumination system for semiconductor lithography, has set of optical elements, where two optical elements are arranged in different places in subsystem and are moveable together

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3610529A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-10-05 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve
US4211202A (en) * 1977-09-21 1980-07-08 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Pump nozzle for air-compressing injection internal combustion engine
DE3344396A1 (en) 1983-12-08 1985-06-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US4852808A (en) 1986-12-05 1989-08-01 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection valve used in fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engine
US5056488A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system in particular unit fuel injector, for internal combustion engines
US5323964A (en) * 1992-03-31 1994-06-28 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. High pressure unit fuel injector having variable effective spill area
US5390851A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-02-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Solenoid operated unit fuel injector with supply line backflow pressure relief valve
US5464156A (en) * 1991-12-24 1995-11-07 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat Nel Mizzogiorno Societa Consortile Per Azioni Electromagnetic fuel injection valve
DE4441603A1 (en) 1994-11-23 1996-05-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Fuel feed system for Diesel engine
EP0723076A2 (en) 1995-01-23 1996-07-24 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. A closed nozzle fuel injector
DE19612737A1 (en) 1995-03-30 1996-10-02 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech Injection device for IC engine with direct injection
US5617998A (en) 1994-03-05 1997-04-08 Lucas Industries, Public Limited Company Fuel injection nozzles
US5860597A (en) * 1997-03-24 1999-01-19 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector

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DE3716173A1 (en) * 1987-05-14 1988-11-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Pre-Injection Valve
US5523784A (en) * 1990-02-01 1996-06-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic still camera which allows a second operation to be performed regardless of the state of a first operation

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3610529A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-10-05 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electromagnetic fuel injection spray valve
US4211202A (en) * 1977-09-21 1980-07-08 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Pump nozzle for air-compressing injection internal combustion engine
DE3344396A1 (en) 1983-12-08 1985-06-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US4852808A (en) 1986-12-05 1989-08-01 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection valve used in fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engine
US5056488A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection system in particular unit fuel injector, for internal combustion engines
US5464156A (en) * 1991-12-24 1995-11-07 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat Nel Mizzogiorno Societa Consortile Per Azioni Electromagnetic fuel injection valve
US5323964A (en) * 1992-03-31 1994-06-28 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. High pressure unit fuel injector having variable effective spill area
US5390851A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-02-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Solenoid operated unit fuel injector with supply line backflow pressure relief valve
US5617998A (en) 1994-03-05 1997-04-08 Lucas Industries, Public Limited Company Fuel injection nozzles
DE4441603A1 (en) 1994-11-23 1996-05-30 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Fuel feed system for Diesel engine
EP0723076A2 (en) 1995-01-23 1996-07-24 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. A closed nozzle fuel injector
DE19612737A1 (en) 1995-03-30 1996-10-02 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech Injection device for IC engine with direct injection
US5860597A (en) * 1997-03-24 1999-01-19 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 5791996) 4, FIG. 17.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050136204A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-23 Sonoco Development, Inc. Multi-ply linear draw support post
US20090314259A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Caterpillar Inc. Electronic pressure relief in a mechanically actuated fuel injector
US7707993B2 (en) 2008-06-24 2010-05-04 Caterpillar Inc. Electronic pressure relief in a mechanically actuated fuel injector
US20110315909A1 (en) * 2010-06-29 2011-12-29 Nippon Soken, Inc. Constant-residual-pressure valve

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Publication number Publication date
DE19942291C2 (en) 2003-07-24
DE19942291A1 (en) 2001-03-15
FR2798165A1 (en) 2001-03-09
ITRM20000476A0 (en) 2000-09-01
ITRM20000476A1 (en) 2002-03-01
IT1316607B1 (en) 2003-04-24

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