US643273A

US643273A - Mill.

Info

Publication number: US643273A
Application number: US71034599A
Authority: US
Inventors: John A Peer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1899-03-24
Filing date: 1899-03-24
Publication date: 1900-02-13
Anticipated expiration: 1917-02-13

Description

fishnets-sheet I Patented Feb. 13, I900. J. A; P EER. MILL.

Applicati on filed Mar. 24, 1899 (No Model.)

No. 643,273. Patented Feb. l3, I900.

J. A. PEER.

MILL

(Application filed Mar. 24, 1899.)

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

N0. 643,273. Patented Feb. l3, I900.

J. A. PEER.

6 Shaels-Sheet 4.

mzpoams uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu c No. 643,273. Patented Feb. l3, I900. J. A. PEER.

' MILL.

(Application filed Mar. 24, 1899.) (No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Patented Feb. I3, l900..

J. A. PEER.

MiLL.

(Application filed x. 24, 1599.

6 Sheats-Sheet 8.

(No Model.)

/ Ty: NORRIS PETERS co, PHDYO-LITHOJWASHINGTOM a. c

"TATESI ATENT FFICE.

JOHN A. PEER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

MILL.-

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 643,273, dated February 13, 1900.

Application filed March 24,1899. Serial No. 710,345. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. PEER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mills;

and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention is an improved mill; and it consists in the novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which illustrate one form in which I have contemplated embodying my invention, and said invention is fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mill embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the mill. tails of parts of the construction. Fig. 5 is a view of the concave stationary cutting-disk.

Fig. 6 is a similar view of the convex revolu ble cutting-disk. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view on line 7 7 of Fig. 2. Fig. Sis an enlarged sectional view showing the operation of the rotary cutters in relation to the stationary knives and the serrated feeding-ring inclosing the same. Fig. 9 is a detail View of a portion of the concave stationarydisk and convex rotary disk, showing one knife of each disk and illustrating the manner in which the inclined cutting edges of said knives cooperate. Fig. 10 represents a section on line 10 10 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is an elevation looking into the casing G with casing H removed. Fig. 12 is a detail view of the knife-plate and rotary knives. Fig. 7, showing a slight modification of my invention. Fig. 14 is a detail perspective view of the annular serrated feeding-plate.

Fig. 15 is a similar view of the stationary knifeplate and stationary knives.

The object of my invention is to produce a mill in which the material is continuously out, split, and sheared from the time it enters the mill until it leaves it, becoming continuously finer and finer until it reaches the condition of an almost impalpable powder; and to this end it involves the novel features Figs. 3 and 4 are de-.

Fig. 13 is a view similar to of construction hereinafter described. The part-s of my mill which perform this cutting, splitting, and shearing action do not come in contact with each other, so that there is com paratively little friction, and the mill can be run at an extremely high speed, and I also provide means for directly cooling the material operated upon to prevent any danger of injuriously heating the same.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the main body or casing of my improved mill, which is provided on one side with a circular recess a, in the bottom of which is formed the concave stationary cutting plate or disk A, which may be cast or formed integrally with the main casing, as indicated in the drawings, or may be formed separately and secured thereto, if preferred. B represents a bracket which is preferably formed separate from the casing A and bolted or otherwise secured thereto and is provided with two bearings I) for the horizontal shaft b, the said bracket B and easing A being supported upon a bed or stand 0 or any other suitable support. The shaft b is provided between its bearings with a band-wheel b and said shaft extends to an opening in the casing A concentric with the stationary cutting-plate and is provided within the casing A with a revolving convex cutting disk or plate B, which is secured to and revolved with the shaft 1?. The inner end of the shaft 17 is tapered, as shown in Fig. 2, and the re volving plate or disk B is provided with a similarly shaped aperture therethrough, which fits tightly upon the tapered portion of the shaft.

13 represents a knife-plate which preferably engages a recess extending diametrically across the flat rear face of the rotary cuttingdisk, said plate being provided witha central aperture, through which the shaft Z) passes. The extreme end of the shaft is provided with a threaded portion, a nut, and washer, by means of which the knife-plate B is secured to the disk B, and both are firmly united to the shaft 6 and made to turn therewith. The knife-plate B is provided at each end with a series of knives b hereinafter described, and I prefer to form these knives integral with the knife-plate B and secure the knife-plate to the rotary disk in the manner described, this being a very simple, cheap, and effective construction. It is obvious, however, that these knives might be made separate from each other and separately attached to the rear face of the rotary disk by other means.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated a view of the stationary cutting disk or plate as it would appear looking directly into it after removing therotarycutting-disk. Thisstationarydisk A is concave, as heretofore described, and is provided with several rows of cutting-knives a concentric with each other and the disk, the knives of each row being separated by i11- tervals and the knives of each row being l0- cated opposite the intervals between the knives of the adjacent rows. All of these knives are of substantially the same construction, although they differ somewhat in size and length according to their different positions upon the concave surface of the disk,

the knives nearest the center of the plate be-' ing coarser and of less length than those nearer the periphery of the disk. Each of these knives is triangular in cross-section and is provided at one end with a face a inclined to the longitudial axis of the knife. This inclined face forms an acute angle with the inner lateral face of the knife, forming an elongated backwardly-inclined cutting edge a and said face or forms an obtuse angle with the outer lateral face of the knife, forming an edge a substantially perpendicular with the plate or disk A. The said inclined faces a thus extend from the cutting edges of the knives outwardly and tend to move the material toward the periphery of the disk or plate A as it is cut. The inclined cutting edges a are located at the same ends relatively of all the knives, as indicated in Fig. 5. The arrangement of the knives is such that there are formed curved passages for the material to pass outwardly from the center of the disk to the periphery between the knives of the various rows, one of these passages being indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5, and the direction of the material in so passing outwardly will be the direction of rotation of the revolving cutting-disk, thus bringing it in front of the cutting edges a of the knives of the various rows.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a plan view of the convex rotary cutting-disk, which conforms in contour to the concave stationary disk and is provided with a number of rows of knives corresponding in construction to those of the stationary disk, the knives of the rotary disk being adapted to travel between without touching the knives of the stationary disk. The knives b of the rotary disk are constructed as before described with reference to the knives a and are provided with the front inclined faces b forming the elongated inclined cutting edges 29 and obtuse vertical edges b the inclined faces 5 inclining outwardly from the cutting edges 19 When the two disks or plates are in operative position,

ut touching.

the knives of the one lie'between the knives of the other,the cutting edges of the knives of the two plates lying in opposite directions, the cutting edges of each knife on each plate lying next to the outer lateral faces of the adjacent knives of the other plate. It will thus be seen that the material is out between the inclined cutting edges a or b of the knives of one plate and the perpendicular edges a or b of the knives of the other plate, effecting a shearing cut, as will be seen in Fig. 10. It will also be seen that when a knife of one plate has cut the material the material will be forced by the inclined face a or b to the other side of said knife, and thus into the path of the cutting edges of the next adjacent row of knives of the other plate, and this operation is effected by every knife on each plate or disk.

In Figs. 9 and 10'are shown detail views which illustrate the manner in which the cutting edges a Z2 operate in connection with the inclined faces of the knife and act like a pair of shears upon the material, the said knives running as close together as is possible with- It will be noticed that as the cutting edges a and b are formed by the junction of the inclined faces a and b with the lateral faces of the knives the wearing away of the knives, if there be any perceptible wear, will be such that the knives are practically self-sharpening and will always present the sharp cutting edges a and 12 The knives b of the rotary disk 13" are also so arranged that passages are provided between the knives for the material operated upon extending from the center of the disk in a curved line to the periphery.

It will be understood that when the rotary disk is in operation, and I have found it desirable to rotate it at a speed from three to five thousand revolutions per minute, the centrifugal action upon the material forces itfrom the center of the two disks toward the periphery, and in passing from one row of knives to the other it is successively cut, split, and sheared by the cutting edges a and b of the knives a and b For convenience of reference in the claims I designate the end of each knife which is provided with the face a IT and edges a b and a b the cutting end of the knife, by which I mean the end of the knife at which the shearing, splitting, and cutting action takes place. I also prefer to designate these knives as such to distinguish them from the teeth of grinding-mills in which the material is ground between the lateral faces of such teeth and breakers, hullers, and analogous devices, in which the lateral edges of the teeth thereof do not travel in sufficiently close proximity to effect a shearing action.

In order to secure the proper adjustment of the rotary disk with respect to the stationary disk, so that the knives of the former can travel very close to, but without touching, the knives of the latter, I employ, preferably, the

construction shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4. In these figures, D represents a yoke which is secured. to the bracket B adjacent to the outer bearing 11 of the shaft 1), and within said yoke is a slide d, having guiding-flanges cl at each side, which engage a guiding-rib d on each side of the yoke. The shaft 1) is provided near its outer end with an annular groove 6 d (1 represent the two halves of a split collar, which surround the end of the shaft 1) and are held within the slide d by screws d (1 The halves of the split collar are provided each with a semi-annular rib or web diwhich projects into the annular groove or recess 1) in the shaft, thus securing the slide (1 to the shaft, but permitting the revolution of the shaft. d represents an adjusting-shaft having a headed portion 01 within the slide (Z, the said adjustingshaft having a threaded portion which extends loosely through an unthreaded aperture in the end of the yoke D and is provided withan adj usting-nut d preferably in the form of a handwheel, as shown, having a central threaded aperture engaging the screw-threaded shaft d and a jam-nut d of the same form. In order to allow the revolving disk B to move away from the stationary disk in case any refractory material is introduced into the mill which would be liable to injure the parts thereof, such as pieces of iron or steel, I prefer to interposc a spring c1 between the shaft 1) and its adjusting devices. In Fig. 3 I have shown this spring interposed between the nut 01 and the end of the yoke; but it may be used in other ways to produce the same re sult. I also prefer to provide a washer (1 (see Figs. 2 and 3) between the end of the shaft and the head of the adjusting-shaft d for the purpose'of preventing the rotation of the shaft from accidentally operating the adj usting-shaft or wearing the head of the same.

As previously described, the rear face of the rotary disk is provided with a diametrically opposite series of knives 12 which in this instance are formed integrally with the knifeplate E the said knives being set at a sharp angle to the radius of the disk and parallel to each other and provided with sharp cutting edges b and inclined guiding-faces b extending inwardly therefrom. The casing A is provided with a ring E adjacent to the rear face of the disk B, which ring is provided with a series of serrations forming inclined projections 6, adjacent to the points of which the knives 11 travel, as will be clearly seen in Figs. 7 and 8. The projections e of the ring Eare provided with long inclined faces 6, extending in a direction opposite to that of the knives b and deep recesses e are formed between the projections, into which the material passes from the disks A B. The material which enters the recesses e is forced by the direction of rotation of the disk B to travel along the inclined faces e of the projections which carry it inwardly to a point where it is cut and split and sheared by the knives b and on account of this action of the said proj ections in feeding the material inward to the knives I prefer to term this plate the serrated feeding-plate. I also provide a series of cut ting-knives on the inner side of the'path of the rotary knives, which stationary knives f are arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation of the rotary knives. In the present instance I have shown an annular stationary I knife-plate F, which is secured to the casing A and provided with a circular series of the stationary knives f, projecting in to the recess Ct of the casing A, and provided with cutting edges f, extending in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotary knives, (see particularly Figs. 7 and 8,) and inclined inwardly-extending guiding-facesf The knives f are preferably made diamond shape in cross-section, and their outer edges or faces are so close to the path of the rotary knives that the rotary knives almost touch them in passing. Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the action of the rotary knives in conjunction with the serrated feeding-plate and the stationary knives f will be apparent. The material operated upon, which has been brought to a finely-divided condition by the knives of the cutting-disks A B, will be forced outwardly by centrifugal force and will find its way to the recesses e of the serrated feeding-plate E. The circular action of the rotary knives will cause said material to pass along the inclined surfaces 6 of the projections e to the points of said projections, where it will be acted upon by the cutting edges of the knives b b and out, split, and sheared into still finer particles. The material will then pass along the inclined guiding-faces b of the knives 1) toward the axis of rotation of said knives and will thus be brought into the field of operation of the cutting edges f of the stationary knives f, which will still further out, split, and shear the material, which passes inwardly along the guiding-faces f in the condition of an almost impalpable powder.

The recess a of the casing A opens into a casing G, which extends in this instance a considerable distance above the casing A. I find it convenient to form the casings A and G in a single casting; but the casing G may be formed separately and secured to the easing A, if desired. The casing G is open on its outer side and communicates with a similar casin g H, which is preferably hinged thereto at one side and secured to its other side by means of a bolt g, pivoted to the easing G at g, engaging a slotted lug h on the casing H and provided with a wing-nut 9 as clearly shown in Fig. l. The casing H is also provided on its outer face with a door h, hinged to the casing and secured at its opposite edge by a pivoted bolt 7L2, engaging a slotted lug h of the door and provided with a wing-nut h so that access may be had to the interior of the casing H when desired. Between the casings H and G is interposed a removable screen I, which is preferably clamped along the edges between the meeting faces of the two casings, so that by loosening the nut g disengaging the bolt g from the slotted lug h, and swinging the casing H on its hinges away from the casing G the screen I may be removed and another screen of larger or smaller mesh can be readily inserted. The casing H is provided with a horizontal air-tube 7L which is concentric with the shaft b and extends inwardly through the casing G to a point adjacent to the inner end of the shaft 17, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, in which figure the tube It is broken away for the clearer showing of the stationary knives f. The air-tube k is provided with one or more screens h to prevent the admission of any foreign matter with the air into the interior of the mill. The said airtube necessarily passes through the screen I, and in order to hold said screen firmly around the air-tube I find it convenient to provide the exterior of the air-tube with screw-threads, as indicated in Fig. 2, and to employ a pair of threaded clamping-rings h h between which the edges of the screen are clamped.

The casing G is provided at its upper end with an opening 9 which communicates with an outlet-tube 9 provided with a cut-off slide or valve 9 for closing or regulating the outlet at this point. The casing H is provided at its lower end with a discharge-outlet 72/8. The rear face of the rotating cutting-disk B is provided with two or more fan-blades K, (see Figs. 2 and 7,) which draw air inward through the air-tube 7L5 and force it into the casing G.

L represents a feeding-hopper communieating by a tube Z with the stationary and revolving cutting-disk and adapted to deliver thereto the material to be operated upon. This tube Z is provided with a cut-off slide or valve Z for the purpose of regulating the feed of the material to the mill.

The operation of the mill is as follows: The material is placed in the hopper L, passes down the tube Z, and between the stationary and revolving disks A B, where it is operated upon by the inclined cutting edges a b of the teeth of said disks,and is cut,split,and sheared into small particles and at the same time fed by centrifugal force toward the periphery of the revolving disk. The material passes around the periphery of the disk to the serrated feeding-plate E and is then acted upon by the rotary knives b b and stationary knives f, as has been heretofore minutely described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8. The fan-blades K K draw air into the air-tube h which mingles with the finely-divided material, and when the slide or valve 9 at the top of the casing G is closed the air laden with the finely-divided particles is blown by the fan through the screen I into the casing H and out through the discharge-aperture 71 The material, which is sufficiently fine to pass through the screen I, will pass into the chamber H and be discharged at the bottom through the outlet h into a suitable receptacle. If any of the particles are of such size that they will not pass through the screen I, they will fall to the bottom of the casing G and will be drawn into the field of operation of the rotary knives b and stationary knives f and again subjected to the cutting action thereof,so as to be further reduced. By regulating the size of the mesh of the screen I the fineness of the material discharged can be controlled. The current of air passing through the tube h into the interior of the mill and being discharged therein against the rear "face of the revolving disk serves to keep the material operated upon cool, and I have found by experimentthat even when running at a speed of five thousand revolutions per minute and above that speed and operating upon very refractory substances material will remain cool and there is no danger of any injurious heating of the same. With my improved mill it is possible to grind widely-different materials, such as rags, paper, vegeta- V ble fibers, grains of all kinds, rock, and ores,

including even the refractory gold-containing quartz, which I have successfully operated upon with'my improved mill. Owing to the fact that the revolving parts of the mill do not come into contact with the stationary parts, but rely solely upon the cutting action throughout, there is very little friction in running the mill, and the wear coming upon the cutting edges, which are all self-sharpening on account of their peculiar construction, even the most refractory material can be reduced without perceptibly affecting the cutting edges. 13y reference to Figs. 7 and 8 it will be seen that the cutting edges of the revolving and stationary knives are formed by the meeting of two plane faces at an acute angle in the same manner that the cutting edges of the diamond-shaped knives of the disks A and B are formed. By virtue of this construction any wear upon these parts will tend to keep the cutting edges always sharp, or, in other words, all the cutting edges of myimproved mill are self-sharpening.

In operating upon the different grains it may be desirable in some instances to remove the bran, so that it shall not form a part of the product. To do this, it is only necessary to open the slide g at the top of the casing G a regulated amount, so as to allow part of the air-current created by the fan-bladesK K to pass out through the exit-pipe 9 The bran being lighter than the starchy particles of the grain will be wafted to the top of the casing 13 and not being able to pass through the screen will be blown out through the pipe 9 while the flour particles will pass through the screen and be discharged through the aperture h If it is desirable to grind the entire grain, the valve 9 will be closed, and the bran will then be confined within the casing G and continually returned to the action of the cutting-knives until it has been reduced to such fineness that it will pass through the meshes of the screen I.

It is not absolutely essential that the serrated feeding-plates should extend entirely around the path of the rotary knives, as shown in Figs. 2 and 7, and it is not necessary that the series of stationary knives f should be an annular series. I have found that good results can be obtained, especially in the smaller sizes of my mill, by employing a semi-annular feeding-plate E and a semiannular series of stationary knives f, as illustrated in Fig. 13, in which the parts of my mill shown are identical with those previously described except in these particulars.

For convenience of reference I term the space inclosed by casings G and II the screening-chamber, which is provided with the upper discharge-aperture g on the side of the screen nearest the revoluble disk and the lower discharge 7L8 on the opposite side of the screen.

IVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a mill, the combination with means for effecting a preliminary reduction of the material, of a curved feeding-plate having its inner face provided with a series of projections, and recesses between said projections, and a rotary knife traveling in a path concentric with said feeding-plate and provided with a straight shearing edge adapted to pass close to but without touching said projections of the feeding-plate, substantially as described.

2. In a mill, the combination with means for effecting a preliminary reduction of the material, of a curved feeding-plate having its inner face provided with a series of transversely-extending projections provided with feeding-faces, and transversely-extendin g recesses between said projections, and a rotary knife traveling in a path concentric with said feeding-plate and having a straight shearing edge adapted to pass close to but without touching the projections of said feedingplate, whereby the material is fed along the feeding-faces of said projections toward the path of said knife, substantially as described.

3. In a mill, the combination with means for effecting a preliminary reduction of the material, of a curved feeding-plate provided with a series of projections extending transversely thereof, a series of stationary knives arranged concentric with and parallel to the inner face of the said feeding-plate, and a revolving knife, adapted to pass between said feeding-plate and said stationary knives Without touching the same, substantially as described.

4. In a mill, the combination with means for eifecting a preliminary reduction of the material, of a curved feeding-plate, provided with a series of transversely-extending projections,a rotary knife traveling in a path concentric with said feeding-plate and adapted to pass close to, but without touching the projections thereof, and a series of stationary knives arranged in a curved line concentric with the path of the rotary knife, and between said knife and its axis of rotation, the said rotary knife having projections passing close to but without touching the edges of said stationary knives, substantially as described.

5. In a mill, the combination wit-h the stationary and revoluble cutting-disks, of the circular feeding-plate adjacent the periphery of the rotating disk and concentric therewith, provided on its inner face with projections having inclined surfaces and recesses between said projections, a circular series of stationary knives concentric with the inner face of said feeding-plate, and having their cutting portions extending in a direction opposite to the inclined portions of the said projections and a rotary knife adapted to pass between the said projections of the feedingplate and said stationary knives, substantially as described.

6. In a mill, the combination with the cutting-disks one of which is revoluble with respect to the other, said disks being each pro vided with circular rows of knives having cutting edges and adapted to lie between adjacent rows of knives on the other disk, of the serrated feeding-plate, a series of stationary knives arranged concentric with the ser-,

ratedface of said plate and a revolving knife carried by the revoluble disk and adapted to pass between said stationary knives and the serrated face of said feeding-plate, substantially as described.

7. In a mill, the combination with means for effecting a preliminary cutting of the material, of a curved feeding-plate provided with inwardly extending projections provided with inclined faces, and recesses between said projections, a curved series of stationary knives arranged concentric with said projections, said knives having cutting edges and inclined guiding-su rfaces extending inwardly therefrom and a rotary knife adapted to pass between said projections and said stationary knives, provided with a cutting edge and an inclined guiding-face extending from said edge inwardly for guiding the material to the cutting edges of the stationary knives, substantially as described.

8. In a mill, the combination with the main casing and the knife-carrying cutting-disks one of which is revoluble with respect to the other, of the serrated feeding-plate concen tric with the revoluble disk, a series of stationary knives arranged concentric with the serrated plate, a revoluble knife carried by said revoluble disk adapted to pass between said serrated feeding-plate and the stationary knives, a screening-chamber communicating with said casing, and provided with a vertical screen having its lower end adjacent to the lower portions of said feeding-plate and stationary knives, said screening-chamber being provided with a discharge-aperture, an air-inlet for the screening-chamber discharging at a point adjacent to the revoluble disk and fan-blades carried by said revoluble disk,substantially as described.

9. In a mill, the combination with the main casing and the knife-carrying cutting-disks, one of Which is revoluble With respect to the other, of the serrated feeding-plate concentric with the revoluble disk, a series of stationary knives arranged concentric with the serrated plate, a revoluble knife carried by said revoluble disk adapted to pass between said serrated feedingplate and the stationary knives, a screening-chamber communicating Wit-h said casing, and provided with a vertical screen having its lower end adjacent to the lower portions of said feeding-plate, and stationary knives, said screening-chamber being provided With a discharge-aperture in the top 20 or closing the upper discharge-aperture, an 25 air-inlet for said chamber discharging adjacent to the revoluble disk and fan-blades carried by said revoluble disk, substantially as described.

I11 testimony whereof I affiX my signature 30 in the presence of two'witnesses.

JOHN A. PEER.

Witnesses:

L. P. WHITAKER, J. D. KINGSBERY.