US642354A

US642354A - Air-pump.

Info

Publication number: US642354A
Application number: US57538196A
Authority: US
Inventors: John N Mclean
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1896-01-13
Filing date: 1896-01-13
Publication date: 1900-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 1917-01-30

Description

No. 642,354. Patented lan. 30, |900.

- J. N. MGLEAN.

AIR PUMP.

(Application led Jan. 13, 1896.)

2 Shets--Sheet .L

(No Model.)

f .LUIHIHIHHHHI mile WITN ESSES:

ma uonms wetens no.. wwwrun. wxsnma'mn o Q No. 642,354. Patented Jan. 30, i900.

J. N. MCLEAN..

'AIR PUMP.

y (Application filed Jan. 13, 1896.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

WITNESSES:

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' "NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN N. MCLEAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

AIR-PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 642,354, dated January 30, 1906. Application mea January 113.1896. Samia. massi. (Nomad.)

To cir/ZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN N. MOLEAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Air-Pumps, of which the .fola lowing is a speciiication.

My invention relates to air-pumps for forcing or compressing air or other elastic iiuids and of the class suitable for hand operation.

The objects of myimprovements are, first, a construction that is neat, light, contained in small space, and easily portable; second, to provide an actuating mechanism in which is a lever pivoted to a fixed fulcrum in a suitable position in relation to the cylinder and means connecting the plunger that is capable of exertin ga progressive increase of power or force on the plunger as itis propelled inward in the cylinder, thus compensating for and overcoming the increasing resistance encountered when compressing air by pressure; third, to have a pump-cylinder of such form and construction that it may be made sufficiently strong for high-pressure service, wholly or in part out of fragile or brittle material-such as glass, porcelain, or cast-iron-which it is very desirable to do for many purposes on account of the cheapness and non-corrosive character thereof, and, fourth, to have a plunger in which the form and arrangement of the parts adapt them to coperate, so as to make the annular rim of the eXible packing effective as a valve for the inlet of air.

In the portion that appertains to the actuating mechanism the gist of my invention consists in the location of the fixed fulcrum for the pivoted end of the lever, because that, being properly located and fixed in position in proper relation to the cylinder, it becomes possible to easily accomplish the second division of the object before stated by diverse means of connecting the lever to the plunger. To render this obvious, several different means for the purpose are illustrated and described, the subjoined claims covering as a means an oscillating and reciprocating link. The other means shown are not particularized in the claims, but are intended to be within their scope.

My invention further consists in the form, construction, and relative arrangement of the several parts and in combinations whereby the objects heretofore stated are accomplished, al1 as hereinafter fullyset forth, and particularized in the subjoined claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure l is a central section on a plane parallel to the movement of the lever, showing the operating parts covered by subjoined claims in full lines. Fig. 2 is a central cross-section of the plunger enlarged to more clearly show the details. Fig. 3 is a central section on the same plane as Fig. l, showing operating parts in full lines. Fig. 4 is a top View in full lines.

Like letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

The Wall of the cylinder A inclosing the vchamber A2 is formed tapering in section both inwardly and outwardly, so that its strength is gradually increased from the upper to the lower sections, as shown, this being done to compensate for and resist the increasing eX- panding force of the air caused when the plunger is depressed. It is also reinforced near to, but above, the bottom A2of the chamber by an encircling flange a, which is also formed to serve as a base-plate and means for securing the pump to a stand or other support. A boss o? is mounted on this flange 0L and suitably joined tothe cylinder. Through this boss is an outlet-passage a3, the outer end of which is closed by a removable plug a4. This outlet-passage serves as a means through which to blow out from the chamber A2 the surplus oil or other undesirable accumulations. Oommunicatingwith the passage a3 is another outlet-passage a5,formed and adapted to receive an outlet-valve c and other connections.

To the upper end of the cylinderA a standard B is rigidly secured in any suitable manner, either With a top plate, as shown, or by direct attachment lto the cylinder, as may be preferred. This standard B is so formed and adapted that it will firmly supportv in a fixed position the fulcrum-bearing B2 'at a point above the cylinder on a plane parallel to and within a distance from its axis not exceeding one-fourth the cylinders length and distant from the bottom of the cylinder-chamber A2 not more than the distance found by measuring from the bottom of the plunger to the IOO center of the pivot articulating the link B4 to the lever B3 and thence to the center of the fulcrum B2 and not less than the same measurement would be less the thickness of the plunger. The actuating-lever B3 is articulated to the fulcrum B2 in such manner as to allow it an oscillating movement of one hundred and eighty degrees. A link B4, forming part of the means connecting the plunger to the fulcrum B2, is articulated to this lever B3 at a point distant from the center of said fulcrum B2 of not less than half the length of the movement imparted to the plunger nor more than half the length of the cylinder A. The free end of this lever B3 may extend to a suitable length and there be provided with a hand-grip B5. The link B4 may be duplex or single and of any suitable length, and its other end is articulated directly to a projecting part of the plunger C or to a rod c', extending from the plunger. This `rod or stem c' is firmly attached to the `plunger and extends upward a suitable distance to pass through one or more guide-bearings, as B6, located above the cylinder and adapted to guide the rod so that the plunger will be carried concentrically within the cylinder and prevented from tilting. The top plate c of the plunger is in form a dat disk having the connecting means c2 extending from its upper face and a screw-threaded stud c3 extending from its under face. An upward-,extending annular flange c4 may be provided on its periphery and will serve as an additional means to-guide and steady the plunger and prevent it from tilting with the oscillation of the link B4. The under face of this top plate has an annular beveled port-ion c5, which extends in- Ward about one-twelf th of its diameter. This beveled portion is pierced with a suitable number of holes c6 to admit air to the cavity c7, formed between this beveled portion and the packing or flexible cup cs, which is held in position by the sleeve-nut c, clamping its central part to the under face of the top plate c. The periphery of the flexible cup is a downwardly-extending annular flange 010,

wedge-shaped in section, as shown, andthe bottom plate c, having a conical corresponding periphery, is fitted loosely within the flange cw and is likewise provided with a suitably-formed hole through its center adapting it for a short sliding movement on `the sleeve-nut o9, the head portion of the nut c preventing it. from coming off. An annular rim cl2 is raised on the upper side at the peripheral angle, which is suitably larger in diameter than the inner diameter of the beveled portion c5 of the top plate c.

The operation of the plunger parts is as follows: When the top plate c is propelled in the cylinder inward, pressing before it the flexible cup, the 'annular beveled portion c5 permits the flexible cup to yield and bend backward, and the resistance of the air in the inclosed cylinder-chamber forces the bottom plate backward, causing its rim C12 to press and bend the flexible cup backward, at the same time the conical periphery of the plate c11 acting in conjunction with the wedgeshaped flexible Bange c1" of the cup forces said flange outward against the wall of the cylinder, thus securing a tight packing of the plunger foreach downwardmovement. As soon as the reverse movement commences a reverse action takes place, the top plate releasing its pressure on the cup and receding from the bottom plate, carrying the central part of the cup with it, the friction of the flange 010 retaining it for an instant until the bend of the cupisstraightenedand space is allowed bcvtween the flange and the cylinder-wall for free passage of `the incoming air. The inlet air-holes c6 through the top platealso serve to admit oil for lubricating the `plunger-and packing.

Thecup-leatherof the plunger isa valve, as will be seen from the descriptiomand `will expand and adapt itself tothe varying diameter of the cylinder, and this makes the insidetapering of .the cylinder a very valuable feature, because as the plunger expands itself at the beginning of the downward stroke, due to the compression of the air, `it is caused to pack tighter by reasonof the tapering of the cylinder as the compression increases, while on ,the return stroke the plunger cupleather resumes its contracted condition, thus allowinga space all around it for air to freely pass below the plunger as 4the latter rises.

In operating the pump full stroke `thejoint articulating the lever to the link moves `upward to a point about in line with theaxis of the cylinder and downward till the said joint very nearly reachesa point on `a right line mdrawn from .the center of the fulcrum to the center of the bottom of the cylinderchamber, when the plunger should contact with the cylinder-bottom, thus effectively expelling all the air. It will be seen that in this movement-the lever and link acting as a toggle-joint increase the force exerted on the plunger as `it encounters increased resistance from the compression of the air.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and `desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A pump comprising a cylinder and a plunger adapted to reciprocate therein, a standard `secured to the cylinder and supporting a fulcru r11-bearing, an oscillating lever articulated to said fulcrum-bearing and a link connected to the plunger and articulated to said lever, the said point of articulation passing the axis-line of the cylinder on the downward movement of the lever, the said fulcrumbearing being `supported at a point above the cylinder on a plane parallel to and within a distance from its axis not exceeding onefourth the cylinders length, and distant from the bottom of the cylinder not greater than the measurement from the bottom of the plunger to the center of the pivot joining said link to the operating-lever and thence to the IIO 'center of the fulcrum, and not less than the same measurement minus the thickness of the plunger.

2. In a pump, the combination with a cylinder and a plunger adapted to reciprocate therein, of a standard secured to said cylinder and supporting fulcrum-bearing, as B2, a link, as B4, forming one part and a lever, as B3, forming another part of the means connecting the plunger to the fulcrum B2, the said fulcrum B2 located at a point above the cylinder on a plane parallel to and within a distance from its axis not exceeding onefourth of the cylinders length, and distant from the bottom of the cylinder not greater than the measurement from the bottom of the plunger to the cent-er of the pivot for connecting rod or link B4 to the operating-lever and thence to the center of the fulcrum, and not less than the same measurement minus the thickness of the plunger, substantially as set forth.

3. In a pump, in combination, a cylinder and a plunger adapted to reciprocate therein, a standard B rmly supporting in a fixed position a fulcrum B2, an oscillating lever B3 articulated to fulcrum B2 and a link B4 directly connected to the plunger within the cylinder and articulated to lever B3, the said point of articulation passing the axis-line of the cylinder on the downward movement of the lever, the said fulcrum being supported at a point above the cylinder on a plane parallel to and within a distance from its axis not exceeding one-fourth the cylinders length, and distant from the bottom of the cylinder not greater than the measurement from the bottom ofthe plunger to the center of the pivot joining link B4 to the operating-lever and thence to the center of the fulcrum, and not less than the saine measurement minus the thickness of the plunger, substantially as set forth.

4. In a pump, as an article of manufacture, a plunger consisting of the following members, in combination a top plate as c having the projections c2 and c2, the guidingflange c4 and the air-inlet holes c6; a exible cup-packing as c8 secured to the top plate by suitable means as c9 and having a peripheral wedge-shaped fiange as c10 and a bottom plate having a conical periphery loosely fitted within said flange and adapted to have a short sliding movement therein as described; these parts coperatin g together to make the ilange 040 act as an inlet-valve, in the manner set forth.

5. Av cylinder for air-pumps tapered from its top to the lower portion, both inwardly and outwardly, making the cylinder smaller at the lower portion than at the upper portion on the inside and thicker below than at the top, as set forth.

6. A cylinder for air-pumpstapered from its top to the lower portion both inwardly and outwardly making the cylinder smaller at the lower portion than at the upper portion on the inside and thicker below than at the top, and having an integral reinforcingflange a above its bottom and a bottom or ing-rod, a standard B firmly supporting in a fixed position a fulcrum B2, an oscillating lever B3 articulated to the fulcrum B2 and a link B4 connected to the plunger within the cylinder and articulated to lever B3, the said point of articulation passing the axis-line of the cylinder on the downward movement of the lever, the said fulcrum being supported at a point above the cylinder on a plane parallel to and within a distance from its axis not exceeding one-fourth the cylinders length,

and distant from the bottom of the cylinder JOHN N. MCLEAN. Witnesses:

I-I. E. STEINHILBER, EDMoND CoNoAR BROWN.

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