US642233A - Magazine-stove. - Google Patents

Description

No. 642,233. Patented Ian. 30, l900.

J. A. KENDALL.

MAGAZINE STOVE.

(Applicatidn filed Feb. 8, 1899.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shaat 1.

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meow: JO/uulflrzda/l album n nnnnnnnnn warms on. puoraumo, msummou. 0 cv No. 642,233. Patented Jan. 30, I900. J. A. KENDALL.

MAGAZINE STOVE.

(Application filed Feb. 8, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

(No Model.)

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. KENDALL, OF CAMERON, MISSOURI.

MAGAZIN E-STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Eatent No. 642,233, dated January 30, 1900.

Application filed February 8, 1899. $erial No. 704,879. (No model.)

To It whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN A. KENDALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at 0ameron, in the county of Clinton and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magazine-Stoves; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention is directed to improvements in that class of magazine-stoves in which the air-draft is admit-ted at the top and passes through the fuel in a downward. direction.

An object of my invention is the production of a magazine-stove which, while capable of burning all varieties of coal, is more especially adapted for the consumption of that class of such material which is known as bituminous fuel, provision being made for attaining complete combustion, for insuring against coking in the magazine and the consequent clogging of the latter, and for obtaining at all times a free and uninterrupted draft.

Another object of my invention is the production of a comparatively simple and inexpensive magazine -stove possessing advantages in point of efficiency, economy in the use of fuel, and freedom from smoke and gas emissions.

Other advantages possessed by my invention will be found to be set forth in the following description, which is directed to the details of construction and operation of my improved magazine-stove and which description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional view of a magazine-stove embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. l is an enlarged sectional view of the combustion-chamber.

Referring to the said drawings by letter, A denotes the stove-casing, which may be circular in cross-section, as shown, or of other form. At the lower end of the casing is the ash-pit B, having an opening controlled bya door I). The top 0 is provided with one or more draft-openings 0, controlled by a register or registers c. This top is supported by a flange (Z, formed, preferably, integrally with an annular plate D, which is secured to the upper end of the casing A and which toward its inner edge d is downwardly inclined. At the edge cl of the plate D there is secured the upper end of an inner casing E, at the lower end of which is the combustion-chamber 1 open at its top and bottom. The bottom of the combustion-chamber is contracted, the lower end f of the wall of the chamber being inclined inwardly, as shown. The magazine casing G is located concentrically within the casing E and extends from the top 0, to which it is secured, to a point slightly below the upper end of the combustion-chamber. From the upper end of the magazine-casing to the point indicated by the letter at the casing is slightly contracted, and below said point the casing is expanded and finally terminates in an offset g. The inner side of the wall of the combustion-chamber increases in diameter from the top to the point where it joins the inwardly-inclined portionf. The upper end of the magazine surrounds an opening in the top 0, through which opening the fuel is introduced, and to close the opening I preferably provide an auxiliary removable cover h in addition to the removable cap or cover h.

Supported in the lower end of the casing A, between the combustion -chamber and ashpit, is a grate I, preferably of the basket type and provided with shaking-bars i 'i. The bottom of this grate is comparatively closely adjacent to the bottom of the combustion-chamber for a purpose presently to be explained. In the top 0, opposite the draft-opening c, is an outlet 0 for the products of combustion, which pass through a pipe (not shown) to the fine or chimney. In the plate D is an opening d in line with the outlet 0 andj denotes a damper which is turned to the position shown in full lines to open the draft, the closing position beingindicated by the dotted lines. Below the plate D is a plate is, interposed between the inner and outer casings and extending at each side of the opening (1 suff ciently to provide for a circuitous passage of the products of combustion.

The air-draft entering the draft opening or openings 0 passes downwardly between the inner casing E and the magazine-casing G and reaches the fuel in the combustion-chamber by way of channels provided in the side of the combustion-chamber wall. These channels may be formed in a number of ways; but I prefer the construction exhibited in the drawings for the reason that it has shown good results in practice. It must be borne in mind that in the use of soft or bituminous coal in connection with stoves of this general character there is a constant tendency to form clinkers, owing to the lack of provision for adm itting air throughout the incandescent mass of fuel. This particular fuel under the action of heat alone and without the presence of oxygen in sufficient quantity readily melts and masses together; nor is there the necessity for foreign matter, such as slate, to aid in bringing about such a condition. By introducing air through the incandescent fuel at a number of points there is supplied sufficient oxygen to cause combustion throughout, the result being that the coal instead of consolidating into lumps or clinkers is kept in a divided condition and thoroughly consumed. To accomplish complete combustion and to prevent the formation of clinkers, the burning fuel, which is kept in suspension in the oombustion-chamber,is supplied with aircoming from above at such a number of points as will insure oxygen being delivered throughout the entire body of burning coal. The offset g, which is provided in the magazine-casing, abuts against the inner Wall of the combustion-cham her, and the air-d raft is thus admitted to the chamber only through the channels in the chamber-wall. These channels are formed by vertically-disposed ribs Z Z, preferably formed integrally with the wall and between which the air passes to the fuel. At the base of certain of the channels is a shoulder Z, the upper face of which is downwardly inclined, thereby affording a deflecting-surface to cause the air to be thrown approximately horizontally through the fuel. About midway between other ribs are shoulders Z P, which have downwardly-inclined faces for deflecting the air at another plane. It will be noticed that these shoulders Z do not extend to the wall of the chamber, but

dislodged falling into the basket-grate below. In this particular my invention is, so far as I am aware, entirely novel, as in other stoves of this general type a burning grate or firepot is essential. The grate, in addition to serving asa receptacle for the ashes, is sufficiently close to the bottom of the combustionchamber to afford a support for the kindling material and coal employed to start the fire. After the fuel is sufficiently ignited the grate ceases to serve as a support, the fuel being held in the combustion-chamber by the supportingcontracted lower end of the latter. The divided condition of the fuel provides a more or less free passage for the draft at all times, and to insure this, even though the body of fuel may be largely ashes, I provide in the inner side of the contracted lower end of the combustion-chamber grooves m, which afford channels for the air, as will be understood. From time to time live coals will fall from the combustion-chamber into the grate, and there will be provided an auxiliary source of heat, which not only adds to the effectiveness of the stove, but also protects the burning fuel in the combustion-chamber from cooling influences.

The passage of cool air around the magazine-casing has the effect of cooling the fuel above the combustion-chamber, and such fuel is thereby prevented from coking and choking the passage to the latter. The heat from the burning fuel is, however, communicated to the lower portion of the fresh fuel, and were not means provided to prevent the difficulty the heated fuel would under expansion find lodgrnent in the magazine casing and interrupt the feed. The enlargement of the diameter of the magazine-casing below the point 00, together with the provision of the offset g, enables the expansion of the heated fuel without danger of finding lodgment in said casing, the result being that the feed of the material is unchecked. The provision of the inclination of the inner wall or ribs of the combustion-chamber likewise insures the passage of the consumed material from said chamber.

The air draft entering the opening or openings c at the top of the stove is directed by the inclined plate D into the passage between the casings E and G, and after passage, as described, through the body of fuel in the combustion-chamber is carried with the products of combustion upward through the space provided between the inner and outer casings, and from thence through the opening 61 to the flue. The plate is employed to prevent a too-direct passage of the products to the outlet, the result being that the products are deprived of the major portion of their heat units before leaving the stove.

The employment of a combustion-chamber in lieu of the usual fire-pot or grate results in the heat being thrown directly against the ITO outer casing,and said. casing being of comparatively thin material the heat is rapidly communicated to the surrounding air. Practically all of the heat generated is thus utilized, there being no heavy masses of material to absorb heat, and no parts are subjected to such a high degree of temperature as will cause them to fracture or become consumed.

One important feature of myinvention resides in the provision for generating and distributing the major portion of heat at the lower end or base of the stove. The advantage of this provision is that the air nearest the floor is heated in advance of the air of a higher strata, the result beingagreater equalization of the temperature of the room or other inclosure.

By my invention not only do 1 effect a great saving in the use of fuel, but from the quantity employed I am able to extract the maximum of heat units.

My improved stove is very simple in construction, there being but a single damper to operate, and the care to be exercised is very slight, inasmuch as no poking or other manipulation of the fuel is necessary.

I claim as my invention 1. In a magazine-stove, the combination of an outer casing having an outlet for the products of combustion, an inner casing having the draft opening or openings at its top, an open-ended combnstion-chamber at the lower end of the inner casing in which chamber the fuel is supported and consumed, a magazinecasing within the inner casing providing a passage between it and the latter for the draft, and channels in the inner wall of the combustion-chamber for dividing and distribnting the draft to the body of fuel, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

I11 a inagazine stove, the combination with a magazine-casing and a casing surrounding it, of an open-ended fuel-supporting combustion-chamber at the lower end of said casings having in its wall draft-openings communicating with the space between the casin s.

in a magazinestove, the combination with a magazine-casing and a casing surrounding it providing a passage for the draft, of an open-ended fuel-supporting combustion-chamber at the lower end of the casings, said chamber having channels in its inner wall communicating with said passage, and having its lower end contracted, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

a. In a magazine-stove, the combination with a magazine-casing and a casing surrounding it providing a passage for the draft, of an open-ended combnstion-chamber at the lower end of the casings, said chamber having channels in its inner wall communicating with said passage, and deflectors at different planes in said channels.

5. In a stove of the class described, a combustion-chamber having in its inner wall a plurality of vertical channels for draft, and deflectors in said channels located at different planes.

6. In a stove of the class described, a fuelsupporting combustion-chamber having its lower end contracted and provided in its i11- ner wall with a plurality of vertical channels for draft, and deflectors in said channels locat-ed at different planes.

7. In a stove of the class described, a combustion-chamber having a lower contracted end grooved at its inner side, and having a plurality of inclined ribs at its inner wall providing vertical draft-channels, deflectors in the lower end of certain of the channels, and other deflectors at a different plane in other channels the last-named deflectors being separated from the chamber-wall.

8. In a magazine stove, the combination with a magazine-casing and a casing surrounding it providing a passage for draft, an openended fuel-supporting combustion-chamber at the lower end of the casings having channels in its wall communicating with the passage, and a grate below and adjacent to the combustion chamber, substantially as described.

9. In a magazine stove the combination with an outer casing having at its base an ashpit, and at its top a draft-opening and an outlet for the products of combustion, aplatein the upper end of the casing having an opening in line with the outlet and a damper at said opening, an inner casing depending from the plate, a magazine-casing within the inner casing, a combustion-chamber in which the fuel is supported and consumed at the lower end of the inner and magazine casings, a grate below and adjacent to the bottom of the combustion-chamber, and a plate interposed between the inner and outer casings below the openingin the aforesaid plate, substantially as described.

10. In a stove of the class described, a maga zine-casing having its lower end flared and terminating in an offset providing an enlargement, and an open-ended fuel-supporting chamber depending from the offset portion of the casing, and channels in the wall of the chamber.

11% In a ITIEIgZLZlHQStOVG and in combina tion with a magazine-casing having its lower end expanded and terminatingin an annular flaring offset or lip, a fuel-supporting openended coi'nbustion-chamber depending from said offset, having its lower end contracted and an open-walled part above its contraction to supply combustion.

12. In a magazine-stove and in combina tion with a magazine-casing its lower edge terminating in an annular flaring lip or offset, a fuel-supporting combustion-chamber, its upper edge joining and depending from said offset and terminating in a contracted open end, the walls of said chamber between the said casing-lip and the contracted end being open to supply combustion.

13. In a magazine-stove, and in combination with a magazine-casing anda casing surrounding it providing a passage for draft, of an open-ended fuel-supporting cornbustionchamber, its inner wall joining and forming a prolongation of the outer casing, the open end of said chamber being contracted and 10' having its walls above said contraction in com munication with the draft-passage.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN A. KENDALL. \Vitnesses:

W. T. NORTON, E. L. XVHITE.

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