US637556A

US637556A - Mechanism for making printing-surfaces.

Info

Publication number: US637556A
Application number: US732437A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward Hett
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1899-01-23
Filing date: 1899-10-04
Publication date: 1899-11-21
Anticipated expiration: 1916-11-21

Description

Patented Nov. 2l-, I899.

E. HETT.

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

(Application filed Oct. 4, 18994) 7 Sheets5heet -I.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS m: "cams PETERS co. PHOTOLXTHO, WASHINGTON. u c.

No. 637,556. I I Patented No'v. z|, |a99. E. man

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES;

(Ayplicativn filud Oct. 4, 1899.] (No Model.) 7 Sheets-5heet 2.

ATTO RN EYS Tn: "cams PETERS c0, PHOTO LIYNOY, WASHINGTON, o. c

No. 637,556. Patented Nov. 2|, [899.

E. HETT.

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

A nmmn fifcd on. 4, 1899.)

No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3,

INVENTOR WITNE s s: 69W Hlfl? KW W ATTORNEYS 7n: Noam: versus cc. WOTO-LITNQ, WASNINGYON, a c.

No. 637,556. Patented Nov. 2|, I899. E. HETT.

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

(Application filed Oct. 4, 1899.)

7 Sheets$heet 4.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES W ATTORNEYS nu. 637,556. Patehted Nov. 2|, I899. E. HETT.

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

(Application filed. Oct. 4, 1899.)

WITNESSES $4 QMM j QM/m W W Y ATTORNEY YR: NORRIS PEYERS 00.. woraumou wlsnwcmu, o, c.

Pa ltented Nov. 2|, I899.

S E. HETT. MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

(Application filed Oct. 4, 1899.)

Z Sheets-Sheet 6 (No Model.)

MEX

R 0 TI WW un 6 WITNESSES BY KW W ATTORNEYS rue uonms PETERS coy. PHDTD-LITHQ, WASHINGTON, n. c.

No. 637,556. Patented Nov. 2|, I899. E. HETT.

MECHANISM FOR MAKING PRINTING SURFACES.

(Application filed. Oct. 4, 1899.) (N o M 0 d e I v 7 Sheets-Sheet 7,

Fl yf/ INVENTOR m Hm ATTORNEYS T HE NORRIS PETERS my. PHOTOLITNOUWASHINGTON. o. c

NITED 'TA'IES ATENT C EDWARD unr'r, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,556, dated November 21, 1899. Original application filed January 23, 189 9, Serial No. 703,082. Divided and this application filed October 4,1899. Serial T0 at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD HET'I, acitizen of the United States, and a resident 'of New York, (New Dorp,) in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanism for Making Printing-Surfaces, of which the following is a specification.

This invention'relates to means designed and adapted to be employed in making printing-surfaces and in carrying out in a convenient, efficient, and economical manner the process set forthin my application filed Jan uary 23, 1899, Serial No. 703,082, of which the present application is a division, made necessary under a new rule of the Patent Office.

In the lithographic art, to which my invention was in its inception largely directed, it has been the universal practice to transfer designs to printing-forms without regard in the transferring to ultimate register in the printing, leaving register to be attained subsequently and empirically in the printingpress, and, moreover, it has been the general and almost universal practice to print from fiat surfaces. Although the advantages of accurate transferring with regard to subsequent automatic register in the printing are manifest, and especially in connection with simultaneous multicolor-printing, no effort seems to have been made in that direction, and although the advantages of printing from curved or cylindrical surfaces have long been recognized and persistent and strenuous efforts have been made for manyyears to practically utilize such curved or cylindrical surfaces, yet the difliculties have been so many and their solution so troublesome that prior to my invention,as from the inception of the art, lithographic printin ghas been carried on practically almost entirely by means of flat surfaces.

Amongthe many difficulties of the problem of using curved or cylindrical printing-surfaces have been those connected with that part of the art of making the printing-surface which involves the art of transferring the design to the printing-form, whereby the printing-form may by subsequent development he made suitable for printing that design. It is this branch of the art of making printing-sur- (No model.)

faces to which the present invention is more particularly addressed.

This application is confined to the mechan* ical improvements which I have effected with reference to the making of a printing surface or surfaces, and more'particularly to transferring or imparting a design to a printingform whereby the printing-surface, and especially a curved or cylindrical printing sur face, may be made so as to be suitable for printing.

In the old art the method of transferring upon flat printing-forms has ordinarily been carried on in the following manner: The design to be transferred is first printed upon suitabletransfer-paper withoutspecial or necessary regard to its position on that paper. The transfer-paper is then dampened and is stuck up, design side up, on a suitable set+ ting-u p plate, usually a flat sheet of zinc, and is so stuck up without special or necessary regard to its accurate position on that settingup plate. The setting-up plate, with the transfer-paper carrying the design, face up, on it, is then turned upside down and placed on the top of the prepared surface of the lithographic stone, (the face of the design on the transfer-paper thus contacting with the face of the stone,) but this without special or necessary regard to its exact position on the stone. A scraper is then passed over. the back of the setting-up plate, on top, from end to end, applying pressure to the whole surface. The setting-up. plate is then lifted and the dampened transfer-paper is found turned over, face down, onto the stone. More pressure is applied to drive the last remnants of the ink of the design out of the transferpaper and into the stone, and the transfer-pa per is then soaked ofi, the ink remaining in the stone, and the stone is then developed, as by etching, and so becomes a printing-surface suitable for printing. In the same way all the other printing-surfaces of a series having the component designs intended'to register in printing are prepared for the other colors to be especially printed, there being no special or necessary accurate predetermined relation between the position of the design as a whole for one color on its setting-up plate and the position of the design as a whole for the other colors or any of them upon their respective setting-up plates, and no special or necessary accurate predetermined relation between the relative positions of one settingup plate and its stone while so turning over its design and the relative positions of another setting-up plate and its stone while turning over its design, and no special or necessary accurate predetermined relation between the positions of the several designs as a whole on the several stones after they are turned over. All that is necessary is that the component designs, which as they come from the designer are so drawn as to be capable of ultimately registering in the printing, shall not be distorted in shape, but shall be kept accurately intact as a whole in the process of transferring. In the printing-press the colors are printed separately (one at a time) upon the entire edition of prints. \Vhen the first color has been printed, the stone for printing the second color is empirically and painstakingly adjusted to and fro in the press or the paper-feeding devices are so adjusted, or both, until the printer succeeds in hitting the exact registerthatis,succeeds in printing the second color exactly over the first, as intended by the design-when the printing proceeds. Thus each stone is first adjusted to register, and then it prints. Thus register is left entirely to the printing-department, where it is obtained only by empirical adjustment in the printing-press. It frequently happens in practice that many designs are for the sake of economy to be grouped on one printing-surface. In such case the grouping is achieved in the sticking up on the settingup plate, and where that is to be done with component designs in multicolorwork the grouping on one setting-up plate for one color must of course be identical with the grouping on every other setting-up plate of the series for the other colors of the series, and the workman takes accurate pains to that end; but the positions of the combined groups that is to say, the positions of the grouped designs as a wholedo not have and need not have accurate predetermined relation or identity on their respective surfaces, and in all essential respects the procedure is as set out above. Accordingly the transfer mechanisms or printingforms heretofore in use are entirely unprovided with any guiding means or preest-ablished guides with reference to which the printing-forms and setting-up plates may be accurately adjusted therein in exact and predetermined positions both longitudinally and transversely or any guiding means with reference to which a printing-form and a setting-up plate maybe brought into exact and predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely. Such guiding means are not required and would have no advantage in transfer-presses employed in accordance with the old practice.

In the case of flat printing-surfaces, heretofore in general use in lithography, their empirical adjustment in the press for register may, though at greater labor and expense, be perfected with certainty, because being flat they may be turned and moved in all directions, and all that is necessary in the transferring is that however placed as a whole on the pri nting-form the designs be not distorted one part with respect to another in such placing. In the case of a permanently-curved or cylind rical prin ting-surface,however,the conditions are quite different. They cannot be moved in all directions in the press. For example, they cannot be moved obliquely, and hence cannot always be empirically adjusted so as to bring the designs into register, even though those designs have not been distorted at all in the transferring. The difficulty of securing register with curved or cylindrical printing-surfaces in accordance with the prevalent practice of empirical adj ustmentin the printing-press is thus apparent and has been largely influential in the continuance of the use of flat printing-surfaces. Sheet-metal printing-surfaces, such as zinc sheets, have been bent around rotary form-supports, and thus used in a printing-press to a very limited extent; but in such cases the sheet is laid out flat when its design is transferred or imparted to it, and the transferring is carried out in the same manner and with the same disregard of any accurate predetermined positioning of the design on the sheet as has been described with reference to flat lit-h0- graphic stones. The sheet is then stretched on its rotary curved form-support and empirically adjusted in the same way as a flat stone. There have been one or two attempts made to solve the difficult problem of em pirically securing in the printing-press accurate register of curved or cylindrical printingsurfaces, but so far as I am aware they have not been practically successful, so that to-day in the practical art of lithography flat printing-surfaces are almost exclusively used, and this notwithstanding the universally-recognized advantages that would attend the use of curved or cylindrical printing-surfaces if they could be made practical.

In accordance with the present invention I am enabled to make printing-surfaces and curved or cylindrical printing-s11 rfaces adapted to register and which may be mounted in a press and made to print immediately in accurate register and without the usual empiric adjustment in the press. The printing-surfaces may be said to automatically register. This important result is effected in the process of making the printing-surfaces themselves, ,and that process proceeds by the making of registering basic surfaces and results in the production of registering printing-surfaces as distinguished from non-registering;

printing-surfaces produced by the old process. Moreover, the mechanism which is made the subject of the present application in certain.

of its broad features contemplates the maprintingforms, but also flat printing-forms;

The basic, surface may be made many convenient manner, so as to be capable of imparting by contact the design to the printingform, and the printing-form may be made of any suitable material. One of these bodies preferably is, and'either or both may be, curved in form, so as to make possible the rolling contact, whichmay' be effected in various ways and by various movements of the printing-surface or basic surface, or both. In

carrying out this part of the invention a non-.

expansible and non-contractible basic surface is suitably prepared, and preferably by fixing upon a transfer-base a design capable of being imparted by contact-as, for example, by sticking up in the usual manner a transfer sheet or sheets upon a setting-up plate. A printing-form is then brought into positive rolling contact with the basic surface, so that one of said bodies at least rolls with the other in progressive contact. This contact must be positivet'. e., entirely free from all slipping of one surface upon the other. By means of this rolling contact the design of the basic surface is positively and accurately and according to the position of the design and all its parts 011 the basic surface imparted to the printing-form. This part of the invention is susceptible of being carried out with perfect accuracy and despatch and enables me to accurately and speedily'make not only flat but also curved or cylindrical printing-surfaces. Further details will hereinafter appear in connection with the mechanism to be presently described.

The invention also consists, generically speaking, in preparing a basic surface of any suitable character having a design adapted to be imparted by contact, bringing said basic surface and a printing-form into suitable contact of any character, whether rolling or otherwise, in accurate predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely and with reference to suitable prestablished guidesor guiding means, whereby the design may be imparted to theprinting-form in accurate predetermined position. By the use of such guiding means orpreestablished guides, which may vary widely in character and arrangement, the design may be located on a printing-form in an exact and predetermined position both longitudinally and transversely and also with reference to register, and from a series of basic surfaces having component designs a series of registering printing-surfaces may be readily and accurately made. These, basic surfaces are so prepared as to the arrangement of their designs that if they could be used themselves as printing-surfaces they would be capable of pressions.

The invention which is the subject of this application consists, broadly, of a non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having a design fixed thereto, so that the design printing registering imis rendered non-expansible and non-contractir ble thereon, one at least of said bodies being curved,the basic surface and printing-form being mounted in a machine by means of which they are brought into positive rolling contact for the purpose of imparting the design of the basic surface to the printing-form.

It also consists, broadly, of a basic surface and a printing-form mounted in a machine by means of which said bodies may be brought into operative contact of any suitable character, but preferably rolling cont-act, in combination with guiding means or prestablished guides, with reference to which said surfaces may be accurately and positively brought into a predetermined cooperating relation, both longitudinally and transversely. This invention also consists of the various mechanical combinations and subcombinations of features whereby the objects of the invention are attained, all as will hereinafter appear, and be set out more particularly in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, I have shownacomplete machine embodying in a preferred form the various mechanical features of the invention and capable of efficiently carrying out the various steps of the process described in my application above referred to, of which this is a division. I have also shown several modified forms of mechanism in diagram.

Referring now to the various views,in which like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine. longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the cam-and-ratchet mechanism for operating certain of the inkrollers and the dampening-rollers. Fig.4 is a broken plan view of the machine. Fig. 5 is a sectional end view looking from the rear. Fig. 6 is a cross-section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 is a detail sectional plan on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and

Fig. 2 is a central IIO 13 show modified forms of mechanism, in Figs.

8,9, 10, and ll of which the printing-form and the basic surface are brought together in rolling. contact and in Figs. 12 and 13 of which the basic surface and printing-form are brought together in whole-surface contact.

Referring now to the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 to '7, inclusive, the machine is provided with a suitable and substantial frame 10, which may be of any approved design, and on this is a bed or support 11, having thereon a removable basic surface, preferably includ-.

ing a zinc or equivalent settingup plate or transfer-base 11 having fixed thereto the design to be im parted or transferred to the print- 'form.

ing-form. The transfer-base is non-expansible and non-contractible, so that the design fixed thereon is also non-expansible and noncontractible under the pressure of the printing-form, and thus the design, without being distorted, may be imparted to the printing- The transfer-base is generally of such thickness as to form a rigid body, as shown. It is located on and held to the bed by screws 11 or by other suitable fastenings. These screws-four in numberpass through holes made for them in the margin of the settingup plate or transfer-base and enter corresponding holes tapped in the margin of the support 11. These holes are all accurately located with reference to the precise position which it has been previously determined the basic surface shall occupy in the press. These devices, it will be seen, aiford one form of guiding means with reference to which the basic surface and successive basic surfaces may be accurately and positively located in a predetermined position or preestablished seat in the transfer-press and on its support 11 and in the same identically-preestablished seat. Any other form of means convenient for this purpose might be employed. The bed orsupport is preferably flat. It reciprocates horizontally, as shown, and for this purpose may be held in any suitable slideway; but it is preferably arranged, as clearly shown in Fig. 6, with depending longitudinal ribs 12, which are approximately triangular in crosssection and which slide in grooved rails or ways 13 on the frame 10.

The bed has a depending fixed nut 1i, (see Fig. 2,) which engages a screw 15, which is journaled in suitable bearings 16 and extends longitudinally of the machine, this screw being adapted, therefore, by its rotation first in one direction and then in another to move the bed backward and forward, and to enable the screw to be turned it has at one end a gearwheel 17, meshing with a gear-wheel 1S,which is journaled on one end of the machine-frame and is provided with a friction-cone 19, adapted to engage and be driven by a cone 20, which is connected with a similar cone 20 of opposite pitch by means of a sleeve 21, which is grooved in the customary manner to engage a shifting fork 22 on one end of the horizontally-tilting lever 23, which is arranged beneath the bed 11, is fulcrumed, as shown at 24, and connects by a rod 25 with a lever 26 at one side of the machine, this latter lever being preferably arranged in a vertical position and pivoted at its lower end, as shown at 27. It will be seen, then, that by simply moving the lever 26 the screw 15 may be thrown into and out of gear, and it will of course be understood that any suitable gears may be substituted for the friction-cones iilustrated.

The cones 20 and 2t) are keyed to slide on a driving-shaft 28, which is journaled in suitable bearings and extends transversely across one end of the machine, the bearing-shaft having preferably a fly-wheel 29 thereon to insure steadiness of movement, and it is driven by a suitable motor, so that to reverse the di-' rection of the bed 11 the motor is reversed. Then the cone 20 is moved away from the cone 19, it engages a cone 30 on a shaft 31, which extends longitudinally beneath the press, and when the connection just described is made the machine is in gear to turn the printing cylinder or surface, as hereinafter described. The shaft 31 has at its inner end a beveled gear-wheel 32, meshing with a beveled gear-wheel 33, (see Fig. 6,) the latter gearwheel being secured to a transverse countershaft 3a in the main frame 10, and on this shaft is a gear-wheel 35, which connects by means of an intermediate gear-wheel 36 with a gear-wheel 37 on the shaft 38, which carries the printing surface or cylinder 39.

11 is a printing-form carried by the support 40 and from which it is preferably removable. In its best form the printing-form is continuous and cylindrical and tubular in form, the support 10 being in the form of ahollow barrel or body removably fixed on the shaft 38. The printing-form 11 is shell-like, as shown, and 39 are ribs formed on the inner side of the printing-form and adapted to enter corresponding recesses in the support 40-a marked rib in a marked recess-when a printing-form is slipped onto its support. The supportingcylinder i0 is provided with a circumferential shoulder 40 near one end, against which the printing-form is adapted to accurately fit. Vvhen the printing-form is slipped onto the cylinder, the ribs 39 enter their proper recesses. The printing-form is forced snugly against the shoulder 40 by means of the removable gear 59, carried on the opposite end of the support 40, and which is made to press against the printing-form by means of the screws 59*. The shoulder 40 and the ribs 39 and their corresponding grooves in the support afford convenient guiding means with reference to which the printing-surface and successive printing-surfaces may be accurately and positively located on their support in a predetermined position or seat and always in identically the same predetermined position or seat. convenient for the purpose might of course be employed.

In order to avoid the usual empiric adjustment of the printing-surface in the printingpress, the printing-form is so constructed and designed as to fit in the printing-press in a predetermined operating position or preestablished seat, so that when working in the printing-press it will print its impression accurately in the position required. Thus when a series of printing-forms constructed and designed to fit in the printing-press in predetermined operating positions have been made into registering printing-surfaces they may be mounted in a printing-press and be made to print in accurate register Without the delays and uncertainties incident to the usual empiric adjustment of the printing Any other form of means from its shaft 38 and mounted on a shaft ofthe printing-press constructed to receive it in a predetermined position, or the shaft 38, with the support 40 and printing-form 41 thereon, may be removed from the transferpress and mounted in predetermined position prepared for it in the pr-inting press. In all of these cases the printing-form is constructed and designed to fit in a predetermined operating position or preestablished seat in the printing-press.

When the printing-form 41 is in active cooperation with the basic surface, the printingform is lowered into contact with the basic surface; but when the printing-form is being subsequently developed into a printing-surface, as by being etched, dampened, inked, or otherwise operated on, it is raised out of contact with the basic surface, as hereinafter described, and the gear connections referred to, in conjunction with the mechanism to be now described, enable the cylinder 40, with its printing-form, to be turned or revolved ordriven when out of contact with the basic surface.

The shaft 38, which carries the cylinder 40, is movable up and down, as presently described, and it connects with the shaft 34 by means of a chain of

links

42 and 43, the upper link having at its upper end a fork 44, which straddles the shaft 38, to which it is held by a pin 45 but any other suitable coupling may be substituted for the fork and pin. The gear-wheel 36 is carried on the pivot which connects the two links referred to, and hence when the shaft 38 is raised, so as to lift the printing form or cylinder 39 above the bed 11,

the gear 36 swings inward with the levers and keeps in mesh with the gear-wheels 35 and 37, and so. the power istransmitted to the printing form or cylinder from the shaft 34 inde-' pendently of whether the said cylinder is in its raised or in its lowered position.

In order that the printing-cylinder may be conveniently raised, its shaft 38 is journaled in vertically-rnovable slide-blocks 46, which are held in slideways 46, (see Fig. 4,) and the blocks have outwardly-extending lugs 47, which are secured to pressure bars or rods 48 by means of nuts 49, which are screwed on the pressure-rods above and below the lugs, and the said pressure-rods at their lower ends are formed into slides 50, which are dovetailed into slideways 51 on the frame 10, as shown best in Fig. 7. The slides have in them vertically-elongated holes 52 to receive the cross-shaft 53, which is journaled in the frame 10, (see Fig. 6,) and on one end of which is secured the lever 54, which has an extension or link 55 at its lower end, to which is pivoted a link 56, and the latter is secured by a screw 57 to one of the slides 50, while the opposite slide is connected by a link and screw 56 and 57 to a crank or link 58 on the other end of the shaft 53, and thus when the lever 54 is tilted the slides 50 are raised or lowered, the slide blocks 46 similarly moved, and a corresponding movement given to the shaft 38 and the supporting-cylinder which it carries, and the leverage and power increase in lowering as the contact of the printing-form'with the basic surface is attained, and thus the desired pressure of contact may be obtained.

The mechanism above described operates to turn or rotate the cylinder 40 independ ently of the bed or support 11. When the printing-form is brought into firm operative cont-act with the basic surface and the latter is moved by its screw, the cylinder 40 rotates and the printing-form 41 and basic surface cooperate in positive and rolling contact, the printing-form rolling upon the basic surface in progressive contact and the basic surface thereby positively and accurately, according to the position of the design and all its parts upon it, imparting said design to the printing-form. If the contact of the printing-form and the basic surface is accompanied with sufficient pressure and the rotation of the cylinder 40 is sufficiently free from friction, and this is generally the case, the printingform and basic surface will work together in positive contact without slipping on account of the friction due to their contact. I may, however, provide special means which will cooperate to prevent slipping and will therefore work for the attainment of the positive contact desired. For this purpose I have shown interineshing gearing for the printingform and basic surface. In the drawings this intermeshing gearing comprises the two gear-wheels 59, firmly but removably fixed to the opposite end of the cylinder 40, and the two racks 60, fixed to the support 11. One of these gear-wheels and its rack may be omitted, if desired, or both may be omitted, as stated above. When these intermeshing gears are used, it is important that they be made to fit with such accuracy as will enable the contacting bodies to move together without slipping.

In order that a basic surface and a printing-form or successive basic surfaces and sue cessive printing-forms, having been suitably mounted in the machine, may be accurately and positively brought into a predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transverse1y,I provide suitable guiding means or 'preestablished guides with reference to which said bodies may be brought into the relation desired. These guiding means may vary widely in form and arrangement. By their use the location of the design or designs of the printing-surface or printing-surfaces may be controlled with decision and despatch and the designs on a series of printing-surfaces intended to cooperate in printing may be so located that said surfaces will be registering printing-surfaces. I may make use of this intermeshing gearing in providing such guiding means, and for this purpose I mark a tooth and a recess of the intermeshing gear, so that this tooth and recess may be first brought into engagement when the printingform and basic surface are first brought into contact. However, any other form of means might be employed and whether the intermeshing gear is used or not.

From the above description it will be seen that by placing the cone in engagement with the cone 19 and depressing the printing form or cylinder the latter will be driven in absolute unison with the support 11, while by throwing the cone 20 into engagement with the cone the screw and bed are necessarily thrown out of gear and the printing form or cylinder is turned independently of the bed and independently of whether it is raised by the lever mechanism described or not.

The ink is supplied to the printing form or cylinder 39 from the fountain (31, (see Fig. 2,)

which will not be described in detail, as any suitable fountain will do, and in the mouth of the fountain is an ink-feeding roller 62, which is adapted to discharge intermittently on the vibrating or ductor roller 63, which vibrates between the ink-feeding roller 62 and the main ink-distributing roller 64:, so as to apply the ink to the latter roller in sufficient but controlled quantities. The shaft 65 of the ink-feeding roller 62 has a ratchet-wheel 06 thereon, which is engaged by a springpawl 67, which projects from an eccentricstrap 68 on an eccentric 69, secured to the shaft 70 of the main ink-distributing roller 64:. The rotation of the shaft 70 will therefore cause the pawl (37 to be moved backward and forward, so as to turn the ratchet-wheel 66, the shaft 65, and the ink-feeding roller 62. The said shaft (35 is also provided with a ratchet-wheel 71, (see Fig. (3,) opposite which is a loose arm 72, carrying a pawl 73 to engage the ratchet-wheel 71 and enable the shaft and roller to be turned byhand; but the hand mechanism just referred to is old and the automatic turning device comprising the pawl 67 and its accessories is like similar mechanism shown in my application for Letters Patent of the United States for a printing-press, filed July 19, 1894, Serial No. 518,015, renewed under date of May 27, 1899, Serial No. 718,570. The shaft 70 is journaled in the frame 10 and has near opposite ends grooved cam-wheels 74, in the grooves of which run rollers 75, which are journaled on the slides 70, which move in slideways 77 on the frame 10, (see Figs. 2, 3, and 6,) and the slides 76 carry the shaft 78 of the vibrating or ductor inking-roller (53, and consequently as the shaft 70 rotates the slides 7 6 are reciproeated in the slideways 77 and the vibrating or ductor roller 63 is moved back and forth between the roller 62 and the main ink-distributing roller 6f. The camwheels 74 have also surface cams 79, (see Fig. 3,) which contact with the upper arms 81 of bell-cranks 80, which are journaled on the frame 10 and have their lower ends 82 curved slightly and extending into contact with the lugs 83 of the arms 81, which are pivoted, as shown at 85, on opposite sides of the machine, and the arms 84 carry the shaft of the water-supply or fountain roller 87, which, together with the arm 84, is normally pulled back, as shown in Fig. 2, by springs 88, which are secured to the arms 84 and to suitable studs 89 on the machine-frame.

The water-supply fountain may be of any desired construction, but is preferably constructed as a roller 87, as shown in Fig. 5, having concentric tubes 90 and 91, which have perforations 92, adapted to register or to be brought out of register with each other, and therefore one tube is movable in relation to the other; but I have shown no mechanism for moving the tubes, as I do not claim the specific features of the roller in this application, such features being claimed in an application for United States patent for device for distributing water, filed November 28, 1891, Serial No. 530,220, and renewed under date of July12, 1898, Serial No. 685,765. The outer tube 91 is covered by layers 93 and 91 of felt, cloth, or other absorbent material, so that the water which issues through the perforations will cause the roller to have an evenly-wet surface. It will be seen that the various ink and water rollers receive their movement from the shaft 70 of the main inkdistributing roller. The latter has at one end a beveled gear 95, meshing with a gearwheel 96 on the shaft 97, which is journaled in suitable supports 98 on the side of the frame 10 and extends in anearly-vertical position, the lower end of the shaft having a gear-wheel 99 meshing with a gear-wheel 100 on the shaft 34, which is driven in the manner heretofore described.

The water from the water-supply fountain or roller 87 is applied to the printing form or cylinder 39 by means of the dampening-rollers 101, which are adapted to contact with the said cylinder and which have the water delivered to them and distributed on them by a roller 103, the said dampening-rollers and the roller 103 being journaled in aswinging frame 102, which is journaled on a crossbar 101, (see Fig. 2,) and the roller 103 is adapted to contact with the water-supply fountain or roller 87, so as to receive its water from the said fountain-roller. The swinging frame 102 has teeth 105 at its lower ends, which engage cog-wheels 106 on a shaft 107, which is journaled in the frame 10 and has at one end a hand-wheel 108, by which the shaft may be turned and the swinging frame 102 moved, and thus the dampening-rollers may be moved in relation to the printing form or cylinder and so placed under the complete and easy control of the operator.

The watering mechanism is very similar to that shown in my former application referred to above, and the inking mechanism is also similar, and the ink-distributing rollers are in the chain carried by the swinging frame 109, which is centered on the shaft 70 of the main ink-distributing roller 64:, this swinging frame having at its inner ends racks 110, which mesh with cog-wheels 111 on a shaft 112, which is journaled in the main frame 10 and has thereon a hand-wheel 113, which on being turned turns the shaft and the cog-wheel 11 and moves the swinging frame 109, so that the said frame and the rollers which it carries may be turned up easily to the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, thus making it easy to get at the printing form or cylinder 39 and remove it when necessary.

The swinging frame 109 is strengthened by a suitable cross-bar 114 and also stiffened by the several rollers which it carries and which are adapted to apply the ink to the printing form or cylinder, and these rollers are preferably arranged as shown in the drawings, where the upper leather-covered roller 115 takes the ink from the roller 64 and delivers it upon a metal roller 116, which delivers upon the two leather-covered rollers 117, which are adapted to contact with the printing-cylinder, and on one of these rides a metal roller 118, which delivers to the leather-covered roller 119, this being also adapted to contact with the printing-cylinder. Behind the main ink-distributing roller 64: and bearing on it are leather-covered

rollers

120 and 121, which cause the ink to be evenly spread on the said main roller.

When the machine of the drawings above described is to be used, the transfer-sheet or transfers or sheets to be turned over or transferred from the basic surface upon or to the printing-form are first stuck up or set up on the setting-up plate 11. This is generally done apart from the press and at the table of the workman whose duty it is to carefully stick up the transfers in accurate and related positions on the series of basic surfaces. The basic surface thus prepared or made ready is then fastened on the bed plate or support 11 by the pins 11", which insure the ready and proper positioning of the entire series of basic surfaces and-both longitudinally and transversely always in identically the same place on the bed orsupport. The printing-form is secured on its support in its proper position, predetermined both longitudinally and transversely, the entire series in identically the same position, and the printing form and basic surface are then brought into contact in pairs, the lever 54 being moved so as to bring down the printing-surface 39 by means of the lever mechanism described, so as to apply the desired pressure to said contact, the marked tooth and recess of the intermeshing gearing meshing together, so as to bring the printingform and basic surface into their predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transyersely, all the pairs of the series into identically the same relation each as every other and with reference to ultimate register in the printing. Then the cone 20 is thrown into engagement with the cone 19 and the screw thereby started. This carries forward the bed and revolves the cylinder, which, being so revolved, takes up the transfer sheet or sheets having the design or designs from the setting-up plate 11. The transfer-sheets are then subjected to further pressure and are finally soaked off from the cylinder, but the ink remains, as will be understood by those conversant with this line ofindustry. The revoluble and removable printing form or cylinder is then, if desired, at once developed into a printing-surface. To do this for planographic printing it is first preliminarily etched by being gummed up and dried in the usual way, after which it is washed off with water to remove the gum, and, as is usual, is again washed with water and turpentine to remove the ink. The dampening-rollers 101 are then applied to the cylinder, the cylinder being driven by the cones 20 and and the chain of gears on the chain of links and the water-supply roller by the main ink-distributing roller-shaft, after which the cylinder is properly inked and then resined and then fully etched with dilute acid and washed off and, if necessary, retched, and the tubularprinting-surface is then ready to be used as a planographic-printing surface which may, if desired, be done in the machine of the drawings, the setting-up plate 11 or any similar plate being the impression-surface for that purpose, or it is ready to be removed and applied to any other suitable printing-press, acylinder-press of the form shown in my application referred to above being suitable for this purpose. It will of course be understood that when the washing operations are being performed the bed and the frames 109 and 102 and the dampening and inking rollers are swung out of the way of the printing-cylinder and that the inking and dampening is also done while the cylinder is raised above the track of the bed, the frame 109 in the latter case, as well as the frame 102, being of course moved toward the printing-cylinder, so as to bring the inking-rollers and the dampening-rollers into contact with that cylinder. After the printing surface or cylinder has been developed as specified and it is desired to remove it the frames 109 and 102 and the rollers carried thereby are moved out of the way by turning the hand-

wheels

113 and 107, the pins are removed from the fork 44, the slide-blocks 46 are uncoupled from the pressure-rods 48, and the cylinder, its shaft, and blocks lifted from the frame 10, when the slide-blocks are slipped off and the printing-tube, with or without the form-cylinder and with or without the shaft, may be transferred to the printing-press in which it of the printing-form be effected apart froni is to be used, the designs on it being ready for printing.

The machine of the drawings is as a machine quite as readily adaptable to the operations of printing from the cylinder 39 onto the plate 11 or onto paper carried by it as to the operations of transferring from the plate 11 to the cylindrical surface 39, and, indeed, both operations may be involved in the general process of lithographic transferring in multicolor-printing, for the key (which may be the design for one of the col ors) may be first transferred onto a printingform, that form developed into a printingsurface, and then a print made from that printing-surface onto a fresh, clean, settingup plate properly held in the bed, this print to serve as a guide in setting up the several transfers for the several or the remaining colors on the setting-u p plate, so that all may be relatedly transferred onto a series of printing forms or cylinders and their prints accurately register subsequently in the printingpress.

Some of the details of my improvements are as readily applicable to printing-presses that involve no transferring operations as they are to transfer-presses.

I have used the terms lithographic and lithography herein not as limited to the use of stone surfaces, as its etymology might imply, but in its ordinary sense in. the art, including zinc, aluminium, and kindred surfaces to be etched for printing, where, as in the case of stone, the mritually-repugnant and repelling properties of grease and water and the peculiar action of a properly-etched surface with reference to them are made use of to determine the ink distribution and so the picture to be printed.

However, when the basic surface has imparted its design to the printing-form in the way described, the printing-form maybe developed into a printing-surface in any suitable way, as by etching, and in the machine of the drawings or otherwise. It may be lightly etched or it may be deeply etched and routed out, and when completed it may be a planographic, relief, or intaglio or other character of printing-surface. When the printing-form is in curved form, it is preferably made continuous and in the form of a cylindrical tube, composed of a metallic base, such as copper, on which is electrolytically deposited a coating of zinc. I may, however, cast the printing-fo rm in the form of a hollow shell or cast a printing-form about apermanent hollow shell, as of copper.

In the organized machine above described I have shown inking and dampening devices forming part of said machine and designed for use in developing the printing-surface after it has received the design from the basic surface. Of course, if desired, the inking and dampening devices may be entirely omitted from this machine and the development the machine in which the basic surface imparts its design to the printing-form.

In Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 I have shown several arrangements whereby a printing-form and a basic surface maybe broughtinto rolling contact in accordance with my invention;

In Fig. 8, 125 is a cylindrical printing-form mounted upon a cylindrical support 126, fixed to a rotating shaft 127. The printing-form is in the form of a continuous tube removable from its support 126. 128 is a curved basic surface removably secured to a rotating eylindrical support 129, carried on the shaft 130. Vhen these moving bodies or couple are brought into cooperating contact, the intermeshing gears 131 and 132 come together and the rotation of the shaft 127 or the rotation of the shaft 130 rotates both the printing form and the basic surface, so that they work together in rolling contact, whereby the designs of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-form.

In Fig. 9, 133 is a curved basic surface removably secured to the rotating cylinder 134, fixed on the shaft 135. 136 is a fiat stone printing-form arranged to be reciprocated by means of the screw 137 working in the nut 13S, fixed to the bed or support 139, which carries the printing-form. The shaft 135 is carried in vertically-movable boxes, whereby the basic surface maybe lowered into contact with the printing-form. By operating the screw 137 the basic surface is caused to roll over the printing-form by friction, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-form. The frictional driving of one body by the other may be employed in various types of machines embodying the invention and to drive a rolling printing-form or a rolling basic surface.

In Fig. 10, 140 is the continuous cylindrical printing-form, mounted on and removable from the cylindrical support 141, fixed to the support 142. This shaft is supported in vertically movable boxes 143, carried by the swinging arms 144, fixed to the shaft 145. 146 is a curved basic surface removably mounted on the fixed curved support 147. Then the printing-form is lowered into contact with the basic surface and the shaft 145 is rotated first in one direction and then in the other, the arms 144 carry the printingform back and forth over the basic surface, so that the former rolls in contact with the latter. In this case intermeshing gearing is employed for the basic surface and printingforms.

In Fig. 11, 148 is a continuous cylindrical printing-form mounted on and removable from the cylinder 149, fixed on the shaft 150. 151 is a fiat basic surface removably mounted upon the support 152. \Vhen the basic surface and printing-form are brought into contact, the arms 153, connected with the ends of the shaft 150, carry the printing-form backward and forward over the basic surface, so

that the printing-form rolls by friction in contact with the basic surface, whereby the design of the latter is imparted to the former.

In these various arrangements guiding means are or may be employed with reference to which the printingform or successive printing-forms may be fixed on their supports always in the same identical predetermined position. Guiding means are or may be employed with reference to which the basic surface and successive basic surfaces and the printing-forms and successive printing-forms may always be mounted on their supports in identically the same predetermined position, and guiding means are or may be employed whereby the basic surfaces and printingforms may be brought together always in the desired predetermined cooperating relation. The guiding means or prestablished guides for the printing-forms and basic surfaces in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 maybe and preferably are the same or substantially the same as are shown in Figs. 1 to 7, and all the rotating bodies of each transferring-couple shown in Figs. 1 to 11 may be made to rotate by frictional contact with its mate, as in Fig. 9, their intermeshing gears being in such case dispensed with.

In Figs. 12 and 13 are shown, in vertical elevation and plan, respectively, and partly in section, a modified form of machine illustrating one of the features of my invention. 155 is a flat basic surface removably mounted on a flat stationary support 156 and secured firmly to the frame 157 ,of the machine. 158 is a flat printing-form removably mounted on the reciprocating support 159. 160 is the driving-shaft, having a pinion 160 meshing with a gear 161, carried by the eccentric-shaft 161, with which are fixed the eccentrics 162, working in the straps 163, fixed to the support 159. 164 are vertical ribs fixed to the frame of the machine and on which slide the ways 165, fixed to the support 159. By the rotation of the shaft 161 the support 159, with its printing-form, is moved up and down to and from the support 156, upon which is mounted the basic surface 155. When the printing-form and basic surface are brought together in operative contact, they come together throughout the entire area of theirsurfaces, so that the design of the basic surface is imparted to the printing-form. The support 156 isprovided with guiding means, with reference to which the basic surface may always be mounted thereon in a positive predetermined position. Such guiding means consists of the flanges or strips 166 and 167, running across one side and end of the support. They are shown as provided, respectively, with the adjusting-screws 168 and 169, whereby they may be adjusted and fixed in the required position. When the basic surface is laid upon its support, it is forced positively and snugly against the

strips

166 and 167, and is thus brought into a predetermined position. Screws 170' are employed to force and hold the basic surface into its required predetermined position. Guiding means are likewise provided with reference to which the printing-form may be mounted on its support always in the same predetermined position. Such means consist of the flanges or strips 171 and 172, extending along one side and one end of the support 159. These strips may be adjusted by means of the'screws 173. When the printing-form is mounted on its support, it is forced positively and accurately against the

strips

171 and 172, so that it is thereby brought into a predetermined position on its support. Screws 174 are employed for the purpose of forcing and holding the printingform to its required position. The guiding means for the basic surface and the guiding means for the printing-form, it will be seen, enable the operator to bring these surfaces together always in the same predetermined cooperating relation, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-form in the same predetermined position thereon and with reference to register.

In Figs. 12 and 13 the guiding means with reference to which the basic surface is located always in the same place and both longitudinally and transversely on its support and the guiding means with reference to which the printing-form is located always in the same place and both longitudinally and transversely on its support constitute the guiding means and all that is necessary to constitute the guiding means with reference to which the basic surface and the printing-form of these figures may be always brought in that machine into the same predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversel y and with reference to register, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-surface in accurate predetermined'position thereon with reference to register.

In connection with the machine shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, I have shown and-described three sets of guiding means, which together constitute in that machine the guiding means wherebythe printing-form and the basic surface may be brought into an accurate and predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely or successive printing-forms and basic surfaces may always be brought into the same accurate predetermined cooperating relation both 1ongitudinally and transversely with reference to register, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-form in a predetermined position thereon with reference to register. This arises from the fact that the printing form and basic surface are both removable from and replaceable on their respective seats in said machine, and guiding means are required to accurately seat them in said machine. It also arises from the fact that when said bodies are accurately seated in the machine their cooperating relation is not thereby determined, and, further,

guiding means which may be the marked tooth and recess of their intermeshing gears are required to attain this relation. In the machines shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 three sets of preestablished guides will of course be also employed for the same purpose and for the same reason. My invention includes any and all guiding means with reference to which the printing-forms and basic surfaces may be brought together in a predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely whereby the design of a basic surface may be imparted to a printing-form in accurate predetermined position thereon, and I wish to claim the same broadly.

It will be noted that the printing-form and basic surface in cases where they rotate, as shown in the drawings, are carried in prestablished bearings. The bearings for these rotating bodies in all the figures except'Figs. 10 and 11 are, moreover, fixed or stationary. These precstablished bearings for the rotating body are serviceable in insuring the accurate and positive contact of the rotating body without slipping. The design of the basic surface maybe fixed thereto in any suitable manner. For example, a removable transfer-sheet may be stuck up on the setting-up plate or transfer-base or the design may be etched or engraved, and thus made permanent, on the basic surface or the design may be otherwise fixed.

In alluding to the positions of the printingform and transfer-base on their respective supports and to their cooperating relation I use the terms longitudinally ant transverscly as referring to the two directions at right angles over said bodies whether either or both of these bodies is flat or curved. If the body is curved, longitudinal would refer to the axial direction and transverse to to the circumferential direction.

\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. Ina machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

2. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfersheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form.

In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto adesign so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form, said curved body being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the other body.

it. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfersheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-fornradapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form, said curved body being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the other body.

5. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-oontractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that thedesign is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact; whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form, said curved body being carried in hearings in said machine and being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the other body.

6. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfershcet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted into a printing-surface for said design; and l to the printing-form, said curved body being carried in bearings in said machine and being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the other body.

7. In a machine for making curved printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-eontractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable curved printingform adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and curved printing-form together in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

8. In a machine for making curved printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and noncontractible; a suitable curved printingform adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and curved printing-form together in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form, the printing-form being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the basic surface.

9. In a machine for making lithographicprinting surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; asuitablelithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographic-printing surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

10. In a machine for making lithographicprinting surfaces, the combination of a suitable non expansible and non -contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable lithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographic-printing surface for said design, and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form.

11. In a machine for making lithographicprinting surfaces, the combination of a suitable non expansible and noncontractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable lithographicprinting form adapted to receivea design and to be thereafter developed into alithographicprinting surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form, said curved body being designed and arranged to be rotated byfrictional contact with the other body.

12. In a machine for makinglithographicprinting surfaces, the combination of a suitable non expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non contractible; a suitable lithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into alithographicprinting surface for said design; and means for bringing together said basic surface and said printing-form, one at least of Which is curved, in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form, said curved body being carried in hearings in said machine and being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the other body.

13. In a machine for making curved lithographic-printing surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible, a suitable curved lithographic-printing form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographic-printing surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and curved printing-form together in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

14. In a machine for making curved lithographic-printing surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; asuitable curvedlithographic-printing form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographic-primting surface for said design; and means for bri'ngingsaid basic surface and curved printing-form together in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form, the printing-form being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the basic surface.

15. In a machine for making continuous cy lindrical printingsurfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expausible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered nonexpansible and non-contractible; a suitable continuous cylindrical printing-form adapted to receivea design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and continuous cylindrical form together in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

16. In a machine for making continuous cylindrical printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and noncontractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable continuous cylindrical printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and continuous cylindrical prin tin g-form together in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form, the printing-form being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the basic surface.

17. Ina machine for making contin uous cylindrical lithographic-printing surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non-contractible; a suitable continuous cylindrical lithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographicprinting surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and continuous cylindrical printing-form together in rolling contact whereby the design is imparted to the printing-form.

18. In a machine for making continuous cylindrical lithographic-printing surfaces, the combination of a suitable non-expansible and non-contractible basic surface having fixed thereto a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design so that the design is rendered non-expansible and non contractible; a suitable continuous cylindrical lithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographicprinting surface for said design; and means for bringing said basic surface and continuous cylindrical printing-form together in rolling contact, whereby the design is turned over upon and imparted to the prin ti ng-form, the printing-form being designed and arranged to be rotated by frictional contact with the basic surface.

19. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable basic surface having a design adapted to be imparted by contact; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface; preestablished guides with reference to which said bodies may be brought into contact in accurate predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely; and means for bringing said bodies together in operative contact, whereby the designmaybeimparted to the printing-form in accurate predetermined relation.

20. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a suitable basic surface having a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design adapted to be imparted by contact; a suitable printing-form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a printing-surface; preestablished guides with reference to which said bodies may be brought into contact in accurate predeter mined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely; and means for bringing said bodies together in operative contact, whereby the design may be turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form in accurate predetermined relation.

21. In a machine for making lithographicprinting surfaces, the combination of a suitable basic surface having a removable transfer-sheet bearing a design adapted to be imparted by contact; a suitable lithographicprinting form adapted to receive a design and to be thereafter developed into a lithographicprinting surface; precstablished guides with reference to which said bodies may be brought into contact in accurate predetermined cooperating relation both longitudinally and transversely; and means for bringing said bodies together in operative contact, whereby the design may be turned over upon and imparted to the printing-form in accurate predetermined relation.

22. In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a flat support, a rotating cylindrical support, a printing-surface of the character described mounted on one of said supports, a basic surface of the character described mounted on the other of said supports, and means for bringing said surfaces together in rolling contact whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-surface.

In a machine for making printing-surfaces, the combination of a flat support, a r0- tating cylindrical support, a removable, continuous, cylindrical and tubular printing-surface of the character described mounted on the latter of said supports, a flat basic surface of the character described mounted on the other of said supports, and means for bringing said surfaces together in rolling contact, whereby the design of the basic surface may be imparted to the printing-surface.

24. In a transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical surface adapted to become a printing-surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the plate.

25. In a lithographic transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate.

I 26. In a lithographic transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a positively-driven reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a positively-driven rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-u p plate.

27. In a lithographic transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, a removable tubular lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate, and an internal supporting form-cylinder.

28. In a lithographic transfer press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become'a lithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate, said rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface being movable toward or from the setting-up plate and constructed in its lowered position to suitably contact with the setting-up plate, and in its raised position to suitably contact with the inking and with the watering devices, and mechanism to move it toward or from the setting-up plate.

29. In a lithographic transferpress, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a positivelydriven reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and apositively-driven rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate, the inking and Watering devices including a main ink-distributing roller positively driven with the rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface and a vibrating Water-supply roller positively driven in its vibrating motions with the main ink-distributing roller.

30. In a lithographic transfer press, the

- combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a positively-driven reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to he transferred, and a positively-driven rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become alithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate, the inking and watering devices including a main ink-distributing roller positively driven with the rounded or-cylindrical lithographic surface, and a vibrating or ductor ink-roller and a vibrating Water-supply roller each positively driven in its vibrating motions with the main ink-distributing roller.

31. In a lithographic transfer press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable'water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating set ting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic-printin g surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the set ting-up plate, such rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface being movable toward or from the setting-up plate and constructed in its lowest position to suitably contact with the setting-up plate, and in its raised position to suitablycontact with the inking and with the watering devices, and mechanism to move the lithographic surface toward or from the setting-up plate, and suitable driving mechanism to drive the setting-up plate and the lithographic surface positively together when in contact.

32. In a lithographic transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographie-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the setting-up plate said rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface being movable toward or from the setting-up plate and constructed in its lowest position to suitably contact with the setting-up plate, and in its raised position to suitably contact with the inking and with the watering devices, and mechanism to move the rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface toward or from the setting-up plate, and suitable driving mechanism to drive the inking and watering devices and the rounded or cylindrical surface positively together when in contact.

33. In a lithographic transfer-press, the combination, substantially as described, with suitable ink supplying and distributing devices and with suitable Water supplying and distributing devices, of a reciprocating setting-up plate adapted to receive the transfer desired to be transferred, and a rounded or cylindrical lithographic surface adapted to become a lithographic-printing surface and to that end to receive the transfer from the