US634779A

US634779A - Reckoner.

Info

Publication number: US634779A
Application number: US70978199A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles Tregoning
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1899-03-20
Filing date: 1899-03-20
Publication date: 1899-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 1916-10-10

Description

No. 634,779. Patented (Ict. l0, |899.

C. TREGONING. BEsKoN'ER.

, (Appxiwion and 1m. 2o, 1899.) (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet l.

W/ TN E SSE'S A TTOHNE Y S.

No. 634,779. Patentad Oct. I0, |899'l C. TREGDNING.

RECKONER.

(Application filed Mar. 20, 1899.) (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W/TNESSES NVENTO? #60W mg 'm/ y By A fro/mns'l Patented Oct. l0, |899. C. TBEGONING.

R E C K 0 N E R.

(Applicltion mnd Har. 20, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Shut 3.

(No llndel.)

/N VE N TOH m Wl TNE SSE S A TTOHNEYS.

.act description.'

srnonrro Tron forming 'f Application filed ldarcll 211.1899. Serial 355e. 709,781.

To ttt wiz/ont it 71mg/ (folto/wit:

13e it known that l, @tisanes Tensorrses tan, in the county and State New liaveinventedanew and improved te loner. of which 'tile-following is aiull. clear,

The objeet of the invention to prosimple device through the oA various amounts may "ne to y the sum total q uiclrly and aeou or whereby oney number' from another andA the result l surely known.

Anotlierobject ot' the invention is struct the device that any fa n of multiplication-taloles magv1 loe hundred or more subtraeting,n part-ieularlyadapted to assist eliildrer. tering,- the rudiments of arithmetic and is als' useful to persons not Well grounded in arith-A metic. f

A further object oit the invention'is to pro. vide a device of tile character alloro scribed that 'will loe simple, durable, eesnomic in its construction and eapalole of lei ng' readily understood and easily manipulated.

The invention consists in the novel eenn struction and combination ot tile parts, as will be hereinater iully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had. to tile accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specication7 in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

'Figure 1 is a plan view of the complete de vice. Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken substantially on the line 2 2 ot Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial plan view of the under disk of the device, illustrating a portion of the tables carried by said disk. Fig. 4 is a plan view o the improved reclroner, illustrating a slight difference in the arrangement of the marginal numerals of the two disks. r

In the preferred form ofthe device two dislrs A and B are employed, the disk A being of greater diameter than-the disk li, The disk B is mounted to turn upon the disk A and may be pivoted thereto in any suitable or approved manner. vThe preferred means ein te @SljS-g dated @stoner 10.

(lilo model.)

rloyed for portion, so tiia two sleeves are held rtiangeudow ustrated in. l1

eutively arraned ower or main elisir A, from l to 100.1 'sown in tlie drtJ tra lout they may rom l to 1,0 O. or more. if necessary. ne numeral 10G 'in tire drawings is pra@ tieally a starting-point from wliiolr salesiations are to loe made in addition snotrae tion. Preterabiytlie margin of the uuderer 3g larger dislr A. is provided with scallops 15. eaoll scallop embracing six numerals. Tor. example, the end of one scallop is over rlie numeral 5, the otlier end being' over the numeral 10. The next'scallop one end go over the numeral 10 and the other end over the numeral 15. ln this manner it willloe observed that the numerals be readily separated by the eye in groups o tive. The pivoted disk B is provided also with a e series of numerals D, that are likewise cousecutively arranged2 and the numerals on die K disk B correspond to the numeralson the disk A and read 'in the samedirection. A line 16 outwardly projected from each numeral on tile disk E, and a corresponding` line 17 is inwardly projected 'from each numeral on the lower or main disk A.

lt', for example, itis desired to add iilteen -ear aid numerals rea audlifteen together, the numeral l5 on the rotary disk is brought opposite the startingpoint, or 100, on the main disk, and immediately opposite this numeral l5 on the main disk the sum of the two amountsnamely, th-will be read upon the rotating disk. lt' ten and forty are to be added together, the numeral 107 on the rotating disk is brought opposite the starting-point 100 on the' main disk, and upon finding 40 on the main disk the ligure. 50 will be read on the rotating disk opposite the numeral 40 on said main disk. In the same manner any two amounts may be added together, providing the su m of the two amounts is not greater than the highest figure to be found on the disk.

lf, for example, li-l'teen is to be subtracted from seventy, the numeral l5 {always the lesser numeral appearing on the revolving disk) is carried opposite ihestarting-point 1007 ou the main disk, as also appears in 1. 70 is then found on the revolvingdisk, and the answer, 55, will be read opposite 70 on the main disk.

'lhe products of the multiplication-tablefrom 1 to 20, tor example-are arranged in the customary column forni on the'upper face of the main disk withinv the circle described by the rotary disk, as shown at E' in Fig. 3, and the multipliers of the various ta bles are located adjacent to these columns, occupying such. position that when an opening 18,1nade in the revolving disk ll,is brought over theinultiplier of a table a slot 19, made in said revolving disk l5, will be brought over the product-column of that particular table, and adjacent to the slot 19, between said slot and the opening 1S, the multiplicand-column F of figures is located, reading from 1 to 12, this column being used in connection with each of the tables. lAt one side of the uppernumeral 1theword times is produced, while at the opposite side ot' said numeral l the Word are appears. Thus, for example, if the table of tours is toioe used the numeral e is made to appear at the opening 18, whereupon the product-column ot the table of fourswill appear at the slot 19 and the table maybe read as Mimes l are el, 4.- times 2 are 8, dsc., and in this manner any of the tables contained upon the device may be quickly brought to view and studied or used whenever desired. The product-columns, and likewise the slot adapted to expose said columns, are radially disposed on `the' disks.

ln addition to the numerals for simple addition, subtraction, and multiplication l provide a means whereby a child sent to purchase an article costing a fraction of a dollar and intl-usted with a dollar can quickly and accurately ascertain the exact amount of change that should be received. Llo this end a second series of consecutively-arranged numerals h" is produced upon the main diskA reading from 1 to 100, or the highest n u moral in the lirst series C ou the same disk; but the second series of numerals F' read in an opposite direction to the first or outer series C, the numeral 1 in the series F being opposite to and registering with the numeral 99 in the series C, as shown in Fig. 3. The revolving disk B is provided with an opening 2l, so located that as the said disk is turned any one of the numerals in the series F' may be exposed to view, all the rest being hidden. It a child makes a purchase to the amount of eighty-nine cents, for example, the opening 21 in the revolving disk is carried opposite the numeral S9 in the series of numerals C upon the main disk, whereupon the difference between eighty-nine and one hundred-namely, 11-will be exposed by said opening, as shown in Fig. 1.

'lhe addition and subtraction tables are, in effect,the numerals which constitute the reckoner and appear in the series C and D.

(Clearlyshown in Figi) ln the drawings the numeral 15, representing the addition-table of fifteens, is opposite the startingpoint 100, and said table may be explained as follows: ln an example in addition if 15 in the numeral series D be added to 1 in the numeral series C the answer appears opposite l in the numeral series D--namely, 10. lf l5 is to be added to 5, theauswer 20 may be read opposite 5 in the numeral series D, and so on.

.lt is obvious that each individual number in the series D when brought to the startingpoint represents a table, so that one hundred tables in addition and subtraction are obtainable upon the dials, as illustrated in the said Fig. 1; but the number of tables and amounts are practically unlimited.

ln Fig. 1 l have illustrated a portion of a third series Eof numerals reading in the hundreds from 101 to 11l, and other series reading to 1,000 or to "10,0O07 may be added. With reference to the third series E of numerals take an example in subtraction. Let fifteen be subtracted from one hundred and fourteen, 99 Vis the answer and may be read opposite 114 in the series of numerals C. lf fifteen is to be subtracted from one hundred and thirteen, 98 is the answer and may be read in the numeral series C opposite 113,7 and so on.

ln the forni of reckoner shown in Fig. e two disks A2 and B2 are also employed. ln fact, the disks A2 and B2 sustain the sam-e relation to each other as do the disks A and B, (illusn trated in Fig. 1,) the disk B2 being of less diameter than the disk A2 and mounted to revolve on the disk A2 by means of any suitable form of pivot 10, The larger or main disk A2 is provided, as is the disk A, (shown in Fic. 1,) with a series of numerals C', consecutively arranged and reading from l to 100, and the revolving disk B2 is provided with a series of numerals D', correspondingt'o the series of numerals D heretofore described, and the series'of numerals D are also consecutively arlOf Ill

ranged, reading from l to 100,77 but lthe series of numerals D read in a reverse direction to the series of numerals C/ on the main disk. rlhe numerals ot both series have equal spacing, so that the numerals of one series may be brought in transverse aline-ment with the numerals of the other series, and each numeral in the outer series Cf is provided with inwardly-extending lead-lines 17, adapted to meet lead-lines 161, carried outward from each numeral of theinnerseriesD. lfdesired, the revolving disk may be provided with an aperture 18 and a slot 19, the aperture being adapted to disclose a multiplier and the slot 19 the product-column of a multiplicationtable, the multiplicandcolumn being arranged between the slot and aperture in the same manner as illustrated in Fig. 1. lVhen the numerals are arranged in the manner just described, the main or starting' point is 100 on the disk A2.

It it be desired to add two numbers together-as,i0r example, one and eighty-ninethe numeral 89 on the revolving` disk is brought opposite 1 on the main disk, and the answer 90 will appear on the revolving disk opposite the main or starting point 100, and it will be observed that when any ligure isopposite 100, the main or starting point, the saidgure will represent the sum of any two transversely-alimng numerals in the two series CA and D. Then one number is to be subtracted from another, the minuend is selected on the revolving disk and is brought opposite the main or starting point 100 on the main disk, and by finding the subtrahend on the revolving` disk the answer may be read opposite the subtrahend on the main-disk. For example, 'if ten is to be subtracted from ninety 90 on the revolving disk is carried opposite 100 on the main disk, and opposite 10 on the revolving disk the answer appears on the main disk.

Should a child, for example, desire to knew how much change should be had out ol a dollar, a certain amount having been spent, the numerals 100 on both disks are brought in registry and the two series of numerals read from this given point in opposite directions, so that any two tra nsversely-alining numerals in the two series are added together the result willbe one hundred. Thus it a child has a dollar and has made a purchase amounting to twenty cents upon finding the numeral 20 on the revolving disk the answer 80, representing the amount of change that should be received, will be found opposite 20 on the main disk.

Having thus described my invention, l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A reckoner, comprising a disk provided with radial product-columns and multipliers adjacent said columns, and a second disk mounted to revolve en the iirst disk and provided with an openin g and slot through which the multipliers and product-columns reaped tively may be seen, substantially as described.

A reckoner, consisting of a main disk provided with numerals consecutively arranged adjacent to its periphery, said main disk being also provided with numerals representing the products of mnltiplication-tables and with multipliers adjacent to said columns, and a second disk oi` less diameter and mounted to revolve upon the largerdisk, the smaller disk being provided with a series of numerals arranged in the same order and corresponding tothe numerals on the larger disk, the numerals upon one disk being capable oi' varying relation to the numerals upon the other disk, the smaller disk being also provided with an opening adapted to expose the multiplier ot' a table, and a slot adapted to expose to view the column representing the products of multiplication, the multiplicands being produced upon the smaller disk between the said opening and said slot, the said multiplicands being common to all of the tables, as and for the purpose specified.

3. A reckoner, comprising a disk provided with a series of numerals consecutively produced thereon near its periphery and reading from 1 to 1007 and a second disk of less diameter than the lirst disk and mounted to revolve thereon, said revoluble disk being provided with a series of numerals consecutively arranged and reading from l to 100, but in a reverse direction to the series of numerals of the first-named disk, the numerals of both series having equal spacing, whereby the numerals ot' one series maybe brought in transverse alinement with the numerals ot' the other series, substantially as described.

it. A reekoner, comprising a disk provided with a series of numerals consecutively produced thereon near its periphery, reading from l to 100,7 or a highernumeral,and with a second and inner series of numerals arranged in the same order as the outer series but reading in a reverse direction, a second disk of less diameter than the main disk and mounted to revolve thereon, the revolving disk being provided with an opening and with a series of numerals near its periphery, corresponding in spacing and numerical order to 'the spacing and numerical order ofthe outer series of numerals upon the main disk and reading in the saine direction, the re volving disk being adapted to cover all of the numerals of the inner series on the main disk except one that is exposed at the opening in said revolving disk, as speciiied.

5f A, reckoner, comprising a stationary disk provided with a series of numerals consecutively produced thereon and reading from C1 to 100," and a second disk mounted to revolve on the first disk and provided with a series of numerals consecutively arranged and reading from l7 to 100 and in the same order as the numerals of the first disk,

IOO

IIC)

and with a second orouter series of numerals l readingr in thc hundredsl i'rom 10i upward7 l the numerals lOl7 being opposite the nul meral l of the lirstserics7 substantially as l described. l G. A reckoner7 comprising a disk provided with two concentric rows of numerals conseci utively produced thereon but in reverse order, l and with radial product-colli mns of numerals and multipliers adjacent said columns, and a second disk revolnbly mounted on the lirst disk and of less diameterl than said lirst disk and provided with a series of numerals consecutively arranged and reading,r in the saine order as the concentric rows of numerals of the llrst disk, said second disk being;` also provided with the openings 1S and 2l and slot lf), snbstantiall)Y as herein shown and described.

CHAS. TREGONING. Witnesses:

J. FRED. A cima, J'No. M. RITTER.