US6308583B1 - Axle force and moment transducer - Google Patents
Axle force and moment transducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6308583B1 US6308583B1 US09/289,312 US28931299A US6308583B1 US 6308583 B1 US6308583 B1 US 6308583B1 US 28931299 A US28931299 A US 28931299A US 6308583 B1 US6308583 B1 US 6308583B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- load
- axle
- load cells
- cells
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/04—Suspension or damping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/0072—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles the wheels of the vehicle co-operating with rotatable rolls
- G01M17/0076—Two-wheeled vehicles
Definitions
- This invention relates to a device for measuring forces and moments applied to a wheel axle for analyzing suspension and operating characteristics of a vehicle.
- the present invention relates to but is not limited to, a motorcycle force transducer device that is used for designing motorcycles or controlling motorcycle tests based upon measurements of dynamic forces and moments for improving ride and handling.
- axial forces F x , F y and F z and roll M x and steer M z moments are useful for evaluating performance and handling of two wheel vehicles such as motorcycles during cornering maneuvering, braking and acceleration events to evaluate stress and strain on various chassis locations.
- a vehicle can be adapted with “on-board” measurement equipment which measures operating forces and moments on the suspension system or chassis as an operator drives the vehicle over various terrain and conditions, or alternatively operating conditions can be simulated in a laboratory.
- measurement equipment is integrated with the suspension system or frame to measure and analyze loads to the suspension or chassis of the vehicle.
- Prior measurement was incorporated into the rotating wheel axle of a two wheeled vehicle or into the vehicle suspension.
- strain gauges have been incorporated into an inner bore of a wheel axle supported between suspension rods for force measurement.
- Use of a wheel axle having an inner bore reduces the strength of the wheel axle.
- incorporation of measurement equipment into a rotating wheel axle requires the use of slip rings or other devices for measurement and requires a complex transformation from a rotating wheel coordinate system to a fixed vehicle coordinate system. Incorporation of measurement equipment into the suspension can provide large cross-coupling and complications due to suspension geometry.
- the present invention relates to a load transducer for measuring axle force and moments applied in a suspension load path of a two-wheeled vehicle.
- the present invention can be adapted for “on-board” data collection for “on-road” testing.
- the load transducer of the present invention includes first and second load cells coupled to opposed ends of a center load axle which supports a rotating wheel hub.
- the center load axle and first and second load cells are interposed in the suspension load path between a rotating wheel, load axle and suspension members of the suspension. Force is supplied to the load axle and is transferred to the suspension members through the load cells.
- Load cells measure reactive loads supplied to the load axle in the suspension path for analyzing operating and maneuvering performance of a two wheel vehicle without slip rings or other such devices nor complex transformations.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorcycle in which the present invention can be adapted for measuring operating forces and moments.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a front elevational view of an embodiment of a transducer assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view illustrating a cornering or roll event.
- FIG. 3-1 illustrates calculation of a roll moment
- FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating a steer event.
- FIG. 4-1 illustrates calculation of a steer moment.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart of operation of an embodiment of a computer coupled to the transducer assembly for calculating operating characteristics.
- FIG. 6 is a detailed view of an embodiment of a transducer assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a fastener coupling the suspension members to a load cell for measuring operating characteristics.
- FIG. 8 is an alternate embodiment of a transducer assembly for measuring operating characteristics.
- FIG. 9 is an exploded view illustrating components of the transducer assembly of FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 10 is a partial view of one side of an embodiment of a transducer assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a motorcycle 10 including front and rear wheel assemblies 12 , 14 having a wheel supported by a rotating axle (not shown) coupled to suspension members 16 .
- various forces and moments are applied to a suspension and chassis of the vehicle through the wheels. Measurement and analysis of forces and moments on the vehicle suspension and chassis is useful for design and performance evaluation.
- FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of a transducer assembly of the present invention which can be incorporated into a two wheel vehicle for test application and analysis.
- the transducer assembly includes a stationary rod or load axle 24 and a wheel hub 26 supporting wheel 27 for rotation.
- the stationary rod 24 and wheel hub 26 are rotationally coupled via bearings 28 , 30 to form a wheel assembly.
- Stationary rod 24 is fixedly coupled to a frame of a vehicle (not shown) via fork rods or suspension members 32 , 33 .
- forces are applied through wheel hub 26 from wheel 27 to stationary rod or load axle 24 .
- the transducer assembly of the present invention includes spaced dual triaxial load cells 34 and 36 enclosed in individual housings coupled to rod 24 at spaced locations for measuring forces acting on the stationary rod 24 for analysis of operating dynamics and stress for various operating characteristics such as, cornering and steering.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the transducer assembly superimposed with a Cartesian x-y-z coordinate system.
- the dual spaced triaxial load cells 34 , 36 are coupled to the stationary rod or load axle 24 in the suspension load path to measure triaxial loads F x , F y and F z .
- Output measurements from the load cells 34 , 36 are coupled to a computer 38 for calculation of F x , F y and F z for analysis.
- Process data may also be stored by the computer 38 .
- the resultant F x force to the frame is provided by F x1 +F x2 ;
- the resultant F y force is provided by F y1 ⁇ F y2 and the resultant F z force is provided by F z1 +F z2 .
- the transducer assembly of the present invention has particular application for a motorcycle.
- motorcycles roll, as illustrated in FIG. 3, relative to the x axis during cornering, or other maneuvering events.
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the transducer assembly rolling about x axis.
- triaxial load cells 34 , 36 are used to measure the forces and moment transmitted to the motorcycle suspension and chassis during the cornering event.
- Transducer assembly is relatively symmetric about a center point 40 (center of stationary rod 24 ) and has a relatively balanced mass about point 40 .
- Load cells 34 , 36 are supported via stationary rod 24 on opposed side of point 40 equal distance from point 40 to measure forces at the wheel axle in the suspension load path at pivot point 40 without complex coordinate transformation.
- the roll moment about the x axis is calculated based upon differential F z force measured by load cells 34 , 36 times R, the distance from the center point 40 to load cells 34 , 36 which is the same for load cells 34 , 36 since load cells 34 , 36 are equally spaced from center point 40 .
- load cell 34 measures F z1
- a differential moment may be calculated based upon F z1 times distance of load cell 34 , from point 40 and F z2 times the distance of load cell 36 from the point 40 .
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart diagram of the operation of the computer 38 to measure F x , F y and F z , and the steer moment and roll moment of a vehicle, e.g. a motorcycle.
- the F x load is measured from load cells 34 and 36 .
- a resultant force is calculated based upon (F x1 +F x2 ), where F x1 is the force measured from load cell 34 and F x2 is the force measured from load cell 36 .
- the resultant force measurement is outputted or stored as illustrated by block 52 .
- the computer 38 also calculates the roll and steer moment.
- the measured F z1 and F z2 forces from load cells 34 and 36 are used to calculate the roll moment as illustrated by block 70 .
- the roll moment is equivalent to the difference of the forces F z1 and F z2 times the moment arm which is the distance R of the load cells from point 40 .
- the roll moment is outputted or stored as illustrated by block 72 .
- the steer moment is calculated via F x1 and F x1 force components measured by load cells 34 and 36 .
- a steer moment is calculated based upon the difference between F x2 measured by load cell 36 and F x1 measured by load cell 34 times the distance R of the load cell from the point 40 as illustrated by block 74 .
- the steer moment is outputted or stored as illustrated by block 76 .
- FIG. 6 is a detailed view of an embodiment of a front motorcycle wheel assembly 80 incorporating the present invention where similar numbers are used to identify similar parts of the wheel assembly shown in FIGS. 2-4.
- Wheel 27 is not shown in FIG. 6 .
- Stationary rod 24 is formed of an elongated member having an elongated extent extending along an elongated axis. Elongated member includes opposed ends transverse to the elongated axis having threaded bores 82 .
- Bearings 28 , 30 rotationally couple wheel hub 26 to an outer circumference of rod 24 between opposed ends of rod 24 for rotationally supporting a wheel (not shown).
- Load cells 34 , 36 are supported relative to transverse ends of stationary rod 24 at spaced symmetric locations and are interposed in the load path between rod 24 and fork rods or suspension members 32 , 33 .
- Load cells 34 and 36 are cylindrically shaped triaxial load cells such as those available from Michigan Scientific Corporation, Charlevoix, Mich. and include triaxial sensing elements enclosed in a housing having opposed threaded bores 84 and 86 (load bases) on opposed first and second housing faces. In the embodiment shown, load cells 34 , 36 are interposed between ends of stationary rod 24 and suspension members 32 , 33 .
- Load cells 34 and 36 are coupled to rod 24 at opposed ends of rod 24 via a threaded fastener 88 which extends into cooperating threaded bore 84 of rod 24 and threaded bore 86 of load cells 34 and 36 .
- the threaded connection transfers the load from rod 24 to load cells 34 and 36 for measurement.
- the opposed faces of the load cells 34 , 36 are coupled to fork rods or suspension members 32 , 33 via threaded bore 86 of load cells 34 , 36 .
- Elongated fastener 90 extends through a fastener hole 91 on suspension members 32 , 33 .
- Fastener 90 includes an externally threaded end 92 which is secured into threaded bore 86 of load cells 34 and 36 for connecting stationary rod 24 and load cells 34 , 36 to the frame.
- Pinch bolt 94 secures fastener 90 to secure fastener 90 relative to suspension members 32 , 33 .
- the elongated fastener 90 also includes a flange 98 extending about an outer perimeter of fastener 90 .
- Suspension members 32 , 33 include a side recess 100 .
- Load cells 34 and 36 extend into recess 100 and the housings of the load cells 34 , 36 align with a longitudinal surface 102 of suspension members 32 , 33 .
- Flange 98 on fastener 90 is relatively thin and spaces housing faces of load cells 34 , 36 from the longitudinal surface 102 to decouple suspension members 32 , 33 from axle 24 to transfer load through load cells 34 , 36 .
- the force path for all force F x , F y , F z and moments roll moment (M x ) and steer moment (M z ) is exclusively from wheel hub 26 through bearings 28 , 30 , stationary rod 24 , fastener 88 into load cells 34 , 36 , then measured by load cells 34 , 36 and then through fastener 90 into suspension members 32 , 33 onto the motorcycle or vehicle. Faces of load cells 34 , 36 are spaced from surface 102 to limit influence of suspension members 32 , 33 (frame) to counteract or balance the moment or force on stationary rod or load axle 24 so that the moment is isolated to the load cells 34 , 36 for measurement and transferred to suspension members 32 , 33 via fastener 90 .
- the faces of the load cells 34 and 36 are spaced from longitudinal surface 102 via the spacer flange 98 extending about an outer perimeter of fastener 90 which is shown in detail in FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a rear wheel assembly 110 incorporating the device of the present invention having symmetric dual triaxial load cells 34 , 36 mounted between rods 32 - 1 and 33 - 1 where like numbers are used to identify like parts illustrated in FIGS. 2-7.
- stationary rod 24 - 1 is formed of an elongated cylindrical member having threaded ends 112 and 114 . Ends 112 and 114 are coupled to internally threaded bores 86 of load cells 34 and 36 via internally and externally threaded spacer rings 116 .
- Spacer ring 116 provide a rigid support for bearings 28 , 30 and wheel hub 26 for transmission of moments to the load cells 34 , 36 for measurement.
- rings 116 are threaded into threaded bore 86 of load cells 34 , 36 to secure rings 116 to load cells 34 , 36 and threaded ends of stationary rod 24 - 1 are secured to internal threads of rings 116 to secure rod 24 - 1 to load cells 34 , 36 .
- a housing face of load cells 34 and 36 include a raised center portion 118 or load base.
- the raised center portion 118 abuts rods 32 - 1 , 33 - 1 to limit contact of the load cells face with rods 32 - 1 , 33 - 1 .
- An end bolt 122 couples load cells 34 , 36 to rods 32 - 1 , 33 - 1 via threaded bore 84 at raised center portion 118 . Since only the raised center portion 118 abuts rods 32 - 1 , 33 - 1 , the transfer of force is directed through the load cell for measurement and is not balanced by contact of the load cell faces with rods 32 - 1 , 33 - 1 .
- FIG. 9 is a detailed illustration of bolt 122 , spacer rings 116 and threaded elongated shaft forming the stationary rod 24 .
- the measurement of the dual load cells 34 and 36 is transferred to computer 38 to measure F x , F y and F z and the roll and steer moments as previously explained.
- FIG. 10 is a front elevational view of half of the transducer assembly for simplicity.
- stationary rod 24 includes a threaded end 130 .
- the stationary rod 34 is sized smaller than opening 132 on suspension members 32 , 33 and extends therethrough into an internally threaded bore 136 of load cells 34 , 36 .
- Stationary rod 24 is connected to load cells 34 , 36 via cooperation of threaded end 130 and threaded bore 136 of load cells 34 , 36 .
- Load cells 34 , 36 are bolted via bolts 138 to suspension members 32 , 33 as shown.
- the opening 132 of fork rods 32 , 33 is larger than the dimension of rod 24 to provide sufficient clearance between stationary rod 24 and suspension members 32 , 33 so that the path of the force and moments are from the stationary rod 24 through the load cell 34 , 36 to the suspension members 32 , 33 .
- the load cells may be used to calculate brake or drive torque moments.
- the invention is described with respect to triaxial loads cells 34 , 36 which calculate F x , F y and F z , load cells which calculate a moment in addition to F x , F y and F z , may be used to measure brake moment.
- the transducer assembly of the present invention may incorporated as described in a two wheeled vehicle for “on-road” testing. Test data may be collected by an “on-board” computer for later analysis and use.
- the transducer assembly of the present invention can be incorporated into a simulated test application in a laboratory where simulated test loads are applied and measurement data is collected for analysis and use.
- connection members are shown, it should be understood that various connection screws may be used for securing load cells and shaft to a frame as described.
- connection screws may be used for securing load cells and shaft to a frame as described.
- the invention is illustrated with respect to a specific embodiment, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment shown and may be used on any vehicle, including two wheeled vehicles, such as bicycles.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/289,312 US6308583B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-09 | Axle force and moment transducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8130698P | 1998-04-10 | 1998-04-10 | |
US09/289,312 US6308583B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-09 | Axle force and moment transducer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6308583B1 true US6308583B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
Family
ID=22163344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/289,312 Expired - Lifetime US6308583B1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-09 | Axle force and moment transducer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6308583B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1070238B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4594521B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69925904T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999053285A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6550346B2 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2003-04-22 | Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Device for sensing relative movements between an object and a baseplate |
US20030121333A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-03 | Smith Robert T. | Method and device for measuring pushing and pulling forces |
US20050081649A1 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-21 | Yazaki Corporation | Vehicle weight meter |
US20120128287A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-05-24 | Erik Zaaijer | Load-measuring bearing unit |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006201116A (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | Jtekt Corp | Hub unit with sensor for vehicle with power steering, and sensor system for the vehicle with power steering |
JP5191521B2 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2013-05-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Calibration method of multi-component force measuring spindle unit used in tire testing machine |
DE202021100947U1 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | Alois Kober Gmbh | nose weight measurement |
Citations (8)
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US3718033A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1973-02-27 | Mts System Corp | Testing apparatus utilizing position-force cross coupling control |
US4640138A (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1987-02-03 | Mts Systems Corporation | Multiple axis load sensitive transducer |
US4763531A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1988-08-16 | Deutsche Forschungs-Und Versuchsanstalt Fur Luft Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Force-torque sensor |
US4821582A (en) | 1987-12-02 | 1989-04-18 | Mts Systems Corporation | Load transducer |
US5195808A (en) | 1988-04-07 | 1993-03-23 | Oddvard Johnsen | Method and system for non-locking and non-skidding braking/traction of a vehicle wheel |
US5265481A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-11-30 | Kistler Instrumente Ag | Force sensor systems especially for determining dynamically the axle load, speed, wheelbase and gross weight of vehicles |
US5602759A (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1997-02-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Motor vehicle vibrating system |
US6032520A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 2000-03-07 | Japan Electronics Industry, Limited | Device for measuring action force of wheel and device for measuring stress of structure |
Family Cites Families (6)
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JPS5980187U (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-05-30 | スズキ株式会社 | Motorcycle wheel holding device |
JP2568147Y2 (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1998-04-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Wheel contact detection mechanism |
JP2628444B2 (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1997-07-09 | 日本電子工業株式会社 | Wheel force measuring device |
JP3365034B2 (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 2003-01-08 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Slip ring support structure for axle 6-component force meter |
KR100199691B1 (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-06-15 | 김동진 | 6-component load cell |
JP3901317B2 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2007-04-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Wheel acting force measuring device and wheel acting force measuring method |
-
1999
- 1999-04-09 JP JP2000543803A patent/JP4594521B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 US US09/289,312 patent/US6308583B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 DE DE69925904T patent/DE69925904T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 EP EP99916567A patent/EP1070238B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 WO PCT/US1999/007824 patent/WO1999053285A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3718033A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1973-02-27 | Mts System Corp | Testing apparatus utilizing position-force cross coupling control |
US4640138A (en) | 1985-03-06 | 1987-02-03 | Mts Systems Corporation | Multiple axis load sensitive transducer |
US4763531A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1988-08-16 | Deutsche Forschungs-Und Versuchsanstalt Fur Luft Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Force-torque sensor |
US4821582A (en) | 1987-12-02 | 1989-04-18 | Mts Systems Corporation | Load transducer |
US5195808A (en) | 1988-04-07 | 1993-03-23 | Oddvard Johnsen | Method and system for non-locking and non-skidding braking/traction of a vehicle wheel |
US6032520A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 2000-03-07 | Japan Electronics Industry, Limited | Device for measuring action force of wheel and device for measuring stress of structure |
US5265481A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-11-30 | Kistler Instrumente Ag | Force sensor systems especially for determining dynamically the axle load, speed, wheelbase and gross weight of vehicles |
US5602759A (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1997-02-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Motor vehicle vibrating system |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6550346B2 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2003-04-22 | Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Device for sensing relative movements between an object and a baseplate |
US20030121333A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-03 | Smith Robert T. | Method and device for measuring pushing and pulling forces |
US6666097B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-12-23 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and device for measuring pushing and pulling forces |
US20050081649A1 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-21 | Yazaki Corporation | Vehicle weight meter |
US20120128287A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-05-24 | Erik Zaaijer | Load-measuring bearing unit |
US8887581B2 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2014-11-18 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Load-measuring bearing unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002511578A (en) | 2002-04-16 |
EP1070238A1 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
JP4594521B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
WO1999053285A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
EP1070238B1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
DE69925904T2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
DE69925904D1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
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Owner name: MTS SYSTEMS CORPORATION, MINNESOTA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:055911/0315 Effective date: 20210407 |