US6140A - Machine for dressing nuts and bolt-heads - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES IPATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS KING, OF BORDENTOWN, NEW JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR DRESSING NUTS AND BOLT-HEADS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,140, dated February 2'?, 1849.

To all wlw/m, z'z may concern:

` Be it lnown that I, JULIUs KING, of Bordentown, in the county of Burlington and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Dressing the Sides of Bolt-Heads and Nuts, of which the following is a full and exact description, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the machine in the act of dressing the sides of a bolt head, Fig. 2 is a vertical section, taken through the line m m of Fig. 1.

The same letters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

In the accompanying drawings A is a rectangular frame of metal, having standards B erected upon its ends to carry the mandrel C which rests in boXes a made in any manner that will admit of the easy removal of the mandrel for the purpose of changing or adjusting the cutters. One end of the mandrel projects beyond the standard, and carries a pulley C. This pulley revolves the mandrel and cutter by motion received through the medium of a belt, from any main driving shaft, or other convenient source of motion, in the shop in which it is placed.

The mandrel is well and truly finished, its journals and the bearings for the cut-ters D being concentric, as will more plainly appear by reference to Fig. 2, in which o is the shoulder against which the cutters are pinched by the binding screw CZ to prevent them from turning on their seats. The cylindrical portion e forms the seat for the cutters, and for the sleeve or collet m which separates them a distance just equal to the diameter of the head or nut to be dressed by passing between them. A suilicient number of these collets, of different lengths, must be provided, to correspond with all the various v diameters to which nuts and bolt heads are required to be dressed.

On the upper side of the frame two parallel ribs f are formed, which are also parallel to the mandrel. Upon these ribs a saddle or carriage E is placed, which is capable of sliding upon the ribs for the purpose of adjusting the nut or bolt holder to the proper position in reference to the cutters; when the saddle is thus adjusted it is held in place by the binding screw N. On the upper side of the saddle E two parallel ribs g are formed, in whose inner sides parallel dove-tail rabbets are made. to receive and hold the nut and bolt holder G which is as well and tightly fitted therein as is consistent with its sliding freely to advance the nut or bolt against the cutters. On the under side of this sliding holder a revolving screw It is secured in suitable bearings, and passes through a nut c' fixed to the saddle E, so that when the screw it turned one way it moves the holder toward the cut-ters, and when turned the other way brings itback aga-in. Upon the front end of the top of the sliding part of the holder G a revolving table H is placed, which turns upon an axis 7c in whose center a hole is made to pass the shanks of the bolts through, and also the mandrel upon which the nuts are screwed to be dressed, the edge of this table has a number of equidistant notches n made in it, corresponding to the number of the sides of the prism into which the bolt head or nut is required to be dressed; these notches are concentric with a hole made in the top of the holder G into which a pin n is inserted t0 h old the nut or bolt head in one position until the cutters have dressed two of its opposite sides. As an additional guard against the turning of the nuts or bolts r while under the .operation of the cutters, a binding bar or jaw I is pressed down upon it by means of a screw 0 which passes through a slot 1n its center.

A number of mandrels p for holding the nuts 7 must be provided with screws upon their upper ends, corresponding to the different sizes of the screws forwhich the nuts are made. The pinching nut Q on the lower end of the mandrel p draws the nut down upon the table with sufcient force to hold it firmly while being dressed.

The operation is as follows: The nut or bolt r being secured and properly adjusted upon the graduated revolving table H the holder G is moved forward by the screw 7L to subject the nut or bolt head to the action of the cutters. This screw may either be turned by the hand of the attendant, or by wheels or belts connecting it with the gear which turns the cutters. When the nut or bolt head has thus passed once through between the cutters two of its opposite sides will have been rendered plane, smooth, and parallel, then by drawing the nutback again and turning the table one notch, and again moving it forward between the cutters two more of its sides adjacent to those first dressed will be truly and smoothly finished, and by the repetition of this operation all the sides of the nut will in succession be dressed.

Diiiiculty has always been experienced in reducing rough nuts or boltheads into prismatic forms with truly plane and smooth sides by means of a single cutter acting tangentially against them, because of the vibrations reciprocally induced bythe cutter and metal being cut in each other, which vibrations extend through the whole machine, causing the nut or bolt head to turn on its axis however tightly it may be clamped, and the tool to make a wavy cut, the one making the side twisting, the other rendering it uneven. And these diieulties are always greatly enhanced by any unevenness in the texture of the metal, and as this unevenness prevails to a greater or less extent in the larger part of nuts or bolts, it may, for all practical purposes be considered a constant condition of the metal, in reference to which the cutting apparatus must be constructed.

During the operation of a machine in which only one cutter is used, the mandrel on which the cutter is placed is subject to great and constant oblique strain in one direction, which combined with the perpetual jar, causes the journals and bearings to wear very rapidly, and renders it very difficult to keep either the set or pinching screws from moving. These cliliiculties it has been attempted to remedy by making the various parts of the machine very strong and heavy*but with only'partial' success, and the remedy itself is subject to the dis advantage of rendering the apparatus too ponderous to be used with facility and convenience. Another diiiiculty of a different.

character results from the use of a single cutter, and that is the necessary absence of any means of determining the size of the nut except the very tedious one of alternate cutting and measuring with calipers until the required size is obtained. These diliculties are all obviated in my machine by very simple means; the jarring is prevented by using two parallel revolving cutters which operating simultaneously on opposite sides of t-he nut, reciprocally neutralize the vibrations produced in each other, and inthe metal which is being cut, and each also coun teracts thetendency of the others to turn the nut or bolt head on its axis. These twin cutters being thus free from vibration, and all tendency to turn the nut, cut its sides down to the required dimensions at one operation, leaving them truly plane, and with a good smooth finish. By reason of the absence of the arring, these double cutters may be fed much faster than the single cutter could, which in addition to dressing two sides of the nutat once, renders the machine capable of performing more than twice the quantity of work that can be done by a machine having but one cutter.

The cutters are adjusted so as to dress the nuts of any definite diameter by placing one of the series of sleeves provided for the purpose on the mandrel between the cutters.

. Having thus described the construction, operation and comparative advantages of my machine for dressing the sides of bolt heads and nuts, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination of the twin cutters with the sleeves or other equivalent device for gaging their distance apart, and with the mandrel upon which they are mounted, whereby the sides of nuts and bolt heads are finished in less time, and with a machine of less size and cost, than where only one cutter is used.

PETER WILLIAMSON, FRANCIS MCDERMOTT.

Images