US610616A - Ip a t ttxtt - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US610616A US610616A US610616DA US610616A US 610616 A US610616 A US 610616A US 610616D A US610616D A US 610616DA US 610616 A US610616 A US 610616A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cyanid
- solution
- potassium
- cyanogen
- ore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 34
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanogen Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 24
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanogen chloride Chemical compound ClC#N QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- -1 cyanogen compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGSLWEXCQQBACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorin Chemical compound C=1C(C=C2)=NC2=CC(C=C2)=NC2=CC(C=C2)=NC2=CC2=NC=1CC2 WGSLWEXCQQBACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium permanganate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNMNDNSFJMUUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prussian blue Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#C[Fe-4](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N.N#C[Fe-4](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N.N#C[Fe-4](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N DNMNDNSFJMUUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003351 Prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/08—Obtaining noble metals by cyaniding
Definitions
- This invention relates to the solution of precious metals generally, but particularly to that of gold and silver, from their ores.
- halogen compounds of cyanogen-to wit, chlorid, bromid, or iodid of cyanogenwhen added in certain proportions to cyanid of potassium in water form a series of solvents for precious metals, particularly gold, of great power and efficiency.
- the solution of the precious metal in such alkaline solvents is rapid and complete, and the secondary reactions of the solvent on the other compounds of the ore, such as copper or iron pyrites, are very limited in extent, the shortness of the time required to dissolve the gold of the ore reducing them to a minimum.
- the solvent reaction which occurs may be represented by the following chemical equation:
- one molecule of cyanogen chlorid having a molecular weight of 61.5 requires three molecules of potassium cyanid a molecular weight of 3 X 65.5, and in the case of bromid of cyanogen one molecule of this compound having molecular weight of one hundred and six requires three molecules of cyanid of potassium of total molecular weight 196.5, as before.
- a similar proportion is required for iodid of cyanogen. This is the highest proportion of cyanogen haloid claimed proportionately to potassium cyanid; but a large excess of potassium cyanid is generally preferable.
- a further application of our invention relates to the treatment of the waste liquors which are obtained from the process of the extraction of the gold or precious metals from the solvent solution by the action of zinc on.
- a halogen element or of mixtures capable of yielding the same such as hydrochloric acid with a solution of permanganate of potash or a solution of bleaching-powder to which the addition of a small quantity of mineral acid is made, decomposes the double cyanid of zinc and potassium which is found therein with the formation of insoluble cyanid of zinc (which may be separated from the liquors by filtration or other means) and effects the regeneration of the haloid cyanogen compound,which can thus be used again for fresh solvent purposes when mixed with a suitable proportion of potassium cyanid.
- This may be represented by the following chemical equation:
- WVe claim- 1 The process herein described for dissolving precious metals from their ores in solution, the same consisting in combining with a suitable cyanid of the alkalies or alkaline earths, a suitable proportion of a halogen compound of cyanogen and then applying the solution to the crushed ore, as set forth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
HENRY LIVINGSTONE SULMAN AND FRANK LlTl-IERLAND TEED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
EXTRACTION OF PRECIOUS METALS FROM THEIR ORES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 610,616, dated September 13, 1898.
Application filedllovemher 6, 1894. Serial No. 528,081. (No specimens) Patented in England September 21,1894,No.18,003, September 24, 1894,No. 18,146, and October 1, 1894, No. 18,592, and in Germany November 13,1894,No. 83,292.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that we, HENRY Livmosronn SULMAN and FRANK LITHERLAND TEED, subjects of the Queen of England,residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to the EX- traction of Precious Metals from Their Ores, (for which Letters Patent have been granted to us in the following countries, to wit: England, No. 18,592,dated October 1, 1894; Germany, No. 83,292, dated November 13, 1894, and England, Nos. 18,003 and 18,146, dated September 21, 1894, and September 24, 1894, respectively,) of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the solution of precious metals generally, but particularly to that of gold and silver, from their ores.
By present known methods or processes where cyanid of potassium is used the time required for perfect extraction by solution is lengthy, and such processes can only be successfully applied in particular cases-such, for example, as the following: The gold must be in a state of very fine division among the other compounds or substances present in the ore, and the substances in the ore (other than precious metals or their compounds) must not be capable of rapidly destroying or deteriorating the solution of cyanid used. Further,the precious-metal contents of the ore must not be relatively great. Thus ores containing coarse gold or a high value of gold per ton, whether coarse or fine, copper compounds, and certain other metalliferous substances cannot be successfully treated by cyanid, and pyritic ores give rise to many difficulties and cyanid losses. Even under the most favorable conditions a great loss of cyanid occurs, owing,among other causes,to the action of the carbonic acid in the air, residual alkali in the prepared ore, the formation of Prussian blue and other compound cyanids, 850. These losses are caused or accentuated by the fact that potassium cyanid alone is incapable of dissolving gold and as at present employed requires oxidation, atmospheric or otherwise, to eifect the production of the soluble double cyanid of potassium and gold and that even with the aid of air the solvent power of cyanid on gold is comparatively feeble and requires a lengthened period to effect complete solution.
Now We have found that halogen compounds of cyanogen-to wit, chlorid, bromid, or iodid of cyanogenwhen added in certain proportions to cyanid of potassium in water form a series of solvents for precious metals, particularly gold, of great power and efficiency. The solution of the precious metal in such alkaline solvents is rapid and complete, and the secondary reactions of the solvent on the other compounds of the ore, such as copper or iron pyrites, are very limited in extent, the shortness of the time required to dissolve the gold of the ore reducing them to a minimum. The solvent reaction which occurs may be represented by the following chemical equation:
It is to be noticed here that no oxygen or oxygenation process is required, but that it is a chemical reaction independent of the oxygen of the air or of the oxygen of the water. It is also to be noticed in this connection that these haloid compounds of cyanogen are of considerable stability and do not act by the liberation of the haloid element; but the whole reaction is complete as between the chemicals employed and the gold-i. e.,without the further intervention of any extraneous agent. The quantity of cyanogen chlorid, bromid, or iodid to produce the solvent reaction named in this process must be accompanied bya proportion of potassium cyanid equivalent to three molecules of the latter to each one molecule of the haloid compounds above mentioned. For example, one molecule of cyanogen chlorid having a molecular weight of 61.5 requires three molecules of potassium cyanid a molecular weight of 3 X 65.5, and in the case of bromid of cyanogen one molecule of this compound having molecular weight of one hundred and six requires three molecules of cyanid of potassium of total molecular weight 196.5, as before. A similar proportion is required for iodid of cyanogen. This is the highest proportion of cyanogen haloid claimed proportionately to potassium cyanid; but a large excess of potassium cyanid is generally preferable.
We may proceed in carrying out our invention in any of the following ways: First, we may form separately chlorid, bromid, or iodid of cyanogen by any known and suitable method and add arequisite proportion of any one or a mixture of such products to the requisite proportion of cyanid of potassium in water. This solution suitably diluted is then applied to the crushed ore or ore products, which may be contained in any suitable tank or vessel, open or closed, constructed of any suitable material, such as wood. The solution of the gold or precious metal is effected in a very short time, and the gold-bearing solution is then drawn off and the precious metal recovered therefrom by any known means. The cyanogen haloid may, if desired, be applied after the cyanid of potassium has been mixed with the ore. Second, we may proceed also by acting upon the solution of potassium cyanid or the solution of any suitable cyanid of the alkalies or alkaline earths by chlorin, bromin, or iodin in quantitysufficient to produce the requisite amount of the desired cyanogen haloid according to the chemical equation 01 KOy KOl CyOl and keeping undecomposed a sufficient excess of cyanid of potassium for the required combined solvent action on the precious metal. The solution thus prepared is then applied in the same manner as specified above.
A further application of our invention relates to the treatment of the waste liquors which are obtained from the process of the extraction of the gold or precious metals from the solvent solution by the action of zinc on.
these latter. The addition of a halogen element or of mixtures capable of yielding the same, such as hydrochloric acid with a solution of permanganate of potash or a solution of bleaching-powder to which the addition of a small quantity of mineral acid is made, decomposes the double cyanid of zinc and potassium which is found therein with the formation of insoluble cyanid of zinc (which may be separated from the liquors by filtration or other means) and effects the regeneration of the haloid cyanogen compound,which can thus be used again for fresh solvent purposes when mixed with a suitable proportion of potassium cyanid. This may be represented by the following chemical equation:
K ZnCy +2Ol :2KCl+ZnGy +2CyCL Although we have herein indicated certain proportions in which the haloid cyanogen compound may be added to the potassium cyanid or other suitable cyanid,we do not bind ourselves to these proportions and may use any mixture of the above substances or compounds in any state of dilution in water, the essence of our invention consisting in the employment of the haloid compounds of cyanogen in combination with free cyanid of potassium or other suitable cyanid of the alkalies or alkaline earths as a solvent for precious metals from their ores, and we may act with such solvents upon ore in any convenient manner, either at the ordinary or at increased or reduced temperatures and pressures and upon greater or less proportions of ore or precious-metal-containing compound.
WVe claim- 1. The process herein described for dissolving precious metals from their ores in solution, the same consisting in combining with a suitable cyanid of the alkalies or alkaline earths, a suitable proportion of a halogen compound of cyanogen and then applying the solution to the crushed ore, as set forth.
2. The process herein described for dissolving precious metals from their ores in solution, the same consisting in combining with a suitable quantity of cyanid of potassium in water, a halogen compound of cyanogen in suitable proportions and then applying the solution to the crushed ore, as set forth.
3. The process herein described for dissolving precious metals from their ores in solution, the same consisting in combining with a suitable quantity of cyanid of potassium in water, a suitable proportion of bromid of cyanogen and then applying the solution to the crushed ore, as set forth.
4. The process herein described for dissolving precious metals from their ores in solution, the same consisting in combining with a suitable cyanid of the alkalies or alkaline earths a small proportion of a halogen so as to form a halogen compound of cyanogen, leaving an excess of cyanid undecomposed, and then applying the solution to the crushed ore.
In testimony whereof we have hereto set our hands in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.
HENRY LIVINGSTONE SULMAN. FRANK LITHERLAND TEED.
WVitnesses:
GEO. J. B. FRANKLIN, WALTER J. SKERTEN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US610616A true US610616A (en) | 1898-09-13 |
Family
ID=2679232
Family Applications (1)
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US610616D Expired - Lifetime US610616A (en) | Ip a t ttxtt |
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- US US610616D patent/US610616A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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