US609341A - John gordon - Google Patents
John gordon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US609341A US609341A US609341DA US609341A US 609341 A US609341 A US 609341A US 609341D A US609341D A US 609341DA US 609341 A US609341 A US 609341A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- metals
- dephosphorizing
- iron
- oxids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 36
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].OP(O)(O)=O UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000164 yttrium(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000722 Didymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 decipium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium Chemical compound [Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
Definitions
- My invention relates, chiefly, to the manufacture of iron and steel and to the removal of phosphorus from them; but the process may be used also for dephosphorizing other metals-.for instance, copper.
- the phosphorus present seeks, by preference over other substances, the metals of the cerium group and their oxids, forming monazite, Xenotime, and other similar phosphates.
- These metals, oxids, and carbids possess a stronger affinity for phosphorus than lime or magnesia.
- My invention therefore consists in causing to react with the molten metal containing phosphorus either the metals of the cerium group or their oxids, carbids, or other compounds or the alloys thereof, or two or more of these substances, all as hereinafter described and claimed.
- cerium lanthanum, neo-didymium, praseodidymium, erbium, holmium, decipium, samarium, scandium, thorium, thulium, terbium, yttrium, and ytterbium.
- dephosphorizing iron or steel I cause to react with the molten metal the oXids of the elements above defined or these elements themselves in a metallic state or as carbids.
- This treatment is applicable and efiective with the open-hearth process as well as with the Bessemer or basic process.
- I may also employ as dephosphorizing agents alloys or compounds of the metals of the cerium group or of their carbids with iron or with iron and manganese, (ferromanganese,) forming new metals or alloys.
- the quantity of the dephosphorizing agent will depend on the amount of phosphorus contained in the metal to be dephosphorized and on the nature (chemical equivalent) of the said agent.
- the percentage of phosphorus is determined by ananalysis, say, of the pig-iron, and thequantity of oxid required is a mere matter of cal culation in the manner well known to metallurgical chemists.
- the quantities, calculating by the chemical equivalents will be in the proportion phosphorus, .54; cerium oxid, 2.83, so that roughly speaking the quantity of the oxid would be about five to six times the percentage of phosphorus determined by analysis in the pig iron of the charge.
- the process is applicable to the dephosphorizing of any metal, the operation being substantially the same in all cases-namely, consisting in the production of a reaction between the above-defined dephosphorizing agents and the moltenmetal.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
.IOHN GORDON, OF RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL.
PROCESS OF DEPHOSPHORIZING STEEL OR OTHER METALS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 609,341, dated August 16, 1898. Application filed November 12, 1897. Serial No. 658,278- (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, JOHN GORDON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Processes of Dephosphorizing Steel or other Metals, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact description.
My invention relates, chiefly, to the manufacture of iron and steel and to the removal of phosphorus from them; but the process may be used also for dephosphorizing other metals-.for instance, copper.
I have observed that in rock-forming magmas, slags, &c. the phosphorus present seeks, by preference over other substances, the metals of the cerium group and their oxids, forming monazite, Xenotime, and other similar phosphates. I have also found in the manufacture of steel by the basic or lime process that while most of the phosphorus present combines with the lime some still remains in the molten metal and that it is possible to remove a further amount, if not all, by using the metals of the ce iun rgrou p or their oXids or the carbids, fluorids', cyanids, silicates, or other salts or alloys of such metals or mixtures of these compounds. These metals, oxids, and carbids possess a stronger affinity for phosphorus than lime or magnesia.
Of course theoretically I can employ only such compounds as will be decomposed at the temperature at which the process of fusion is carried out; but so far as I have been able to ascertain the high temperature developed in a Bessemer converter is sufficient to decompose all compounds of the above-indicated class.
My invention therefore consists in causing to react with the molten metal containing phosphorus either the metals of the cerium group or their oxids, carbids, or other compounds or the alloys thereof, or two or more of these substances, all as hereinafter described and claimed.
So far as I am aware the following metals belonging to the cerium group are now known: cerium, lanthanum, neo-didymium, praseodidymium, erbium, holmium, decipium, samarium, scandium, thorium, thulium, terbium, yttrium, and ytterbium. These are in fact the usual bases of the minerals monazite,
xenotime, and allied phosphates. It is probable, however, that these minerals and perhaps others contain undiscovered elements similar in the strongly basic properties of their oxids with respect to phosphorus to those above enumerated and forming part of the same group.
In dephosphorizing iron or steel I cause to react with the molten metal the oXids of the elements above defined or these elements themselves in a metallic state or as carbids. This treatment is applicable and efiective with the open-hearth process as well as with the Bessemer or basic process. I may also employ as dephosphorizing agents alloys or compounds of the metals of the cerium group or of their carbids with iron or with iron and manganese, (ferromanganese,) forming new metals or alloys. I find that these elements as oxids or in the metallic state or as carbids, &c., especially when previously alloyed with iron or ferromanganese, act as strong bases with respect to phosphorus, and by their use I efiect a very intimate union with the phosphorus contained in the iron or steel and facilitate the combination, the result being the slagging off of the phosphorus as phosphids or phosphates.
It will be understood that the quantity of the dephosphorizing agent will depend on the amount of phosphorus contained in the metal to be dephosphorized and on the nature (chemical equivalent) of the said agent. The percentage of phosphorus is determined by ananalysis, say, of the pig-iron, and thequantity of oxid required is a mere matter of cal culation in the manner well known to metallurgical chemists. Thus for cerium oXid the quantities, calculating by the chemical equivalents, will be in the proportion phosphorus, .54; cerium oxid, 2.83, so that roughly speaking the quantity of the oxid would be about five to six times the percentage of phosphorus determined by analysis in the pig iron of the charge.
As hereinbefore stated, the process is applicable to the dephosphorizing of any metal, the operation being substantially the same in all cases-namely, consisting in the production of a reaction between the above-defined dephosphorizing agents and the moltenmetal.
as I have been able to determine the practical conditions by experiments the high temperature in a Bessemer converter is sufficient to decompose all compounds of the above-indicated description. The claim hereunto appended is to be read and interpreted accordingly.
What I desire to secure by Letters Patent The herein-described method of dephosphorizing metals, which consists in subjecting the metal in fusion to contact with, and the chemical action of, the metals of the cerium group which act as strong bases with respect to phosphorus, substantially as described.
JOHN GORDON.
Witnesses:
J OHN T. LEWIS, R. OLEARY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US609341A true US609341A (en) | 1898-08-16 |
Family
ID=2677960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US609341D Expired - Lifetime US609341A (en) | John gordon |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US609341A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050255738A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2005-11-17 | Burton Technologies, Llc | Securing device and method |
-
0
- US US609341D patent/US609341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050255738A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2005-11-17 | Burton Technologies, Llc | Securing device and method |
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