US608838A - E nobris peters co - Google Patents

Description

No. 608,838. Patented Aug. 9, H898. W. B. COW'LES.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR OPERATING RECIPROCATING MECHANISM.

(Application filed Dec. 17, 1897.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No. 608,838. Patented Aug. 9, 1898.

W. B- COWLES.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR OPERATING RECIPRDCATING MECHANISM.

(Applicption filed Dec. 17, 1897.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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' Patented Aug. 9, I898. W. B. COWLES.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR OPERATING RECIPROGATING MECHANISM.

(Application filed Dec. 17, 1897.)

4 ShBets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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Patented Aug. 9, I898.

. W. B. COWLES. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR OPERATING BEGIPBOCATING MECHANISM.

(Applicntiun filed Dec. 17, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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UNITED" PATE T OFFICEQ rLmn nAnnUM OOWLES, Oil-CLEVELAND, onio, nss enon TOTHE LONG ARM SYSTEM COMPANY, or SAME PLACE.

, HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR1OPERATING RECIPROCATING MECHANISM.

sPncIrreAtrIoN forming part of Lette rs Patent No. 608,838, dated August 9,1898.

Application filed December 17,1897. seem No. 662,349. (No m an.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM BARNUM COWLES, a citizen of the United States, re

siding at Cleveland, in the eountyof Guyahogaand State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useiul Improvements in Hydraulic Systems for Operating Reciprocating Mechanism and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the'art to which it appertains to make and use the same. I

Myinvention relates to improvements in hydraulic apparatus for opening and closing bulkhead-doors, hatches, ports, valves, gates,

and other suchdevices, and while designed especiallyfor use on shipboard it may be used advantageously-in factories, large buildings,

'or' any other place where such a'system is necessary or desirable.

The combination of the system with a bulkhead-door is claimed, broadly, in my Patent No. 605,399, granted June 7, 1898,- the application for which was concurrently pending herewith; but the system per se, without limi tation to any particular'forrn of device to be I operated, is claimed, broadly, in this applica-v tion.

The objects of my invention are, first, to construct an apparatus which shall be simple, durable, positive in its action, reliable, and not likely to get out oforder, by means of which a series of mechanical devices situated at a distance from the operating-pointmay be all operated simultaneously in case of an emergency; second, to provide a system in which the power for operating a number of mechanical devices will be supplied to the said devices through a single mainpipe and will be maintained at a predetermined pres.-' sure therein, and, third, to provide means at each device to be operated whereby the said device may be controlled at will.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which the same parts are indicated by the same letters throughout the several views. Figure 1 represents a diagrammatic view of the primary system connected to an accumulator for supplying fluid-pressure to the main line and its branches, Fig. 2 represents a front elevation of a vertically-sliding bulkhead-door with my improved meansifor opening and closing the same applied thereto. "Fig. 3 represents a sectional elevation of the operatingvalve and operating cylinder. Fig.

4 represents a'section along-the line 4 4 of Fig. '3. Fig. 5 represents a horizontal section through the axisof the accumulator, parts being shown inelevation.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, r

A represents a steam or other fluid pressure accumulator of any well-known form, Abe- 'ing the steam or other fluid pressure cylinder,

A and enters the ram-cylinder A and as the said hollow piston-rod is forced into the ramcylinder the pressure of the fluid in the ram-' cylinder A will be equal to the pressure of the steam multiplied by the area of the steampiston A 'a'nd divided by the area of the closed end of the hollow piston-rod A thus neglecting leakage and friction; Steam or other fluid pressure is'supplied to the steam-cylinder A- through a pipe-a from any. suitable source. scription the pipe a and cylinder A will be hereinafter called the steam-pipe and steam-cylinder,although any other suitable fluid under pressure, such as compressed For convenience of de-.

air, may be admitted to the same. This pipe a ispreferably provided with reducing-valves a and at before entering the steam-cylinder. The first reducing valve a is set to reduce the steam pressure to a predetermined limit as, for instance, 'a'pressure of one hundred pounds to the square inch and the second reducing-valve is set to reduce the steam- .pressure to about one-half the pressure al-. lowed to pass through the first valve, or about fifty pounds to the square inch, which latter is the usual pressure for working the system.

The accu mulatonpumps A are supplied with steam through a pipe a from the interior of the steam-cylinder A, and the'supply of steam to the pumps'may be automatically ;i,'egulated in any well-known way. The pipe a? is preferably. perforated, as shown in Fig.

5, and projects. through suitable packing in mitted to the cylinderand pumps'at the the piston A, the advantages ofv which arrangement are well lK I lOWLIIiH the art and. form no part of my present invention. These pumps A when in operation are'1s'upplied with fluid through the pipes a,*, 'which fluid is forced through the pipe a? into the ramcylinder A whence it-is forced through the distributing-main B and its branchesib-to the,

several doors, hatches, ports, valves, orother and pumps, 'or this branch, ,pipe a may lead to the steam-cylinder, as indicated'in dotted? lines at a Fi 1, which is referable as it maintains the governing duringthe emergencyworkin". A valve a is placed in the pipe a and when this valve is closed the steam entering the cylinderand'pu'rnps must pass through both of the reducing-valves a" and a where its pressure is reduced in two steps to the usual working pressure. the valve a is open, the steam will be adpressure with which it leaves the first reducing-valve, thus-immediately increasingK-genorally doubling) the fluid' pressure :inthefl. main l3 and its branches. b, The object-pf increasing or doubling the. -pressure ingtlie mainB is to close all the 'bulkheadrdoorsfor operate all the devices at once, asincase'pf accident to the ship or in' any other omen" gency, and the means-for closing the said doors or operating the .devices by ,this.in-,

[crease of pressure will be hereinafter ,de-'

scribed.

preferably by means of a power-cylinder O,

the supply-pipe 0 connected either to. the

ram-cylinder A as shown in dotted lines;

at C in Fig. 1, or to any'other source of fluid-pressure. 0 represents the dischargepipe. The piston of the cylinder 0 is con.- nected witlrthe. lever of the valve a and when this piston is operated to open or. close,

the said valve the fluid-forced from one end of its cylinder will cause a corresponding travel of the piston in the cylinder C,=which travel may be indicated by a pointero", at-

tached to the piston-rod and moving over a scale 0 The six-way valve 0 is provided with a lever (Fandhandle C by means of;

When.

bolted to the bulkhead, as at a". piston-rod]? opens into the cylinder above The valve cfiis opened or closed either by 1 hand or by any other suitable mechanism,

These cylinders and the outer pipe F which thevalve may be turned to admitfluidpressure to either end of thepower-cylinder.

tutes the emergencyporti'on ofthe wholesystem. If on board ship, the-siX-way valve (3 is-placed'on the bridge, in the conning-tower,

or in a'ny'other suitableplaee, and if on shore,

whereverpreferable, and when .it is desired to close allfthej doors or operateyallthe de- "vices a simple movement of the lever C will cau'se the power-cylinder C to open the valve a and throw the double pressure into the main Bandits branches and close all the bulkhead-doors oroperate all the devices, as

will" now be described. y

In Fig 2 of .the'drawingsl have illustrated a vertically-slidin g bulkhead-door as the preferred form of door for use with'the present system; but'it W1 11 be obvious that this system may bereadily adapted to operate'various .forms of doors, gates, ports, or valves other j than those-herein specifically described. In Figs. 2 and 3, Drepresents-the door,

which slides vertically in the ways or guides by-means-of the plates fand bolts f and ex;

the door. 'Within this cylinder is arranged a-hollow piston F, from which a hollow pis- The 'pri'inaryfsystein just described eon sti- I time to'lindieate that thepowerv-cylind'er.is

'95 E. A cylinder. F is secured to the door D, as

tends the wholelength of and a little above ton-rod F extends through. the upper cylinvder-head Ffi-which is provided with the usual "packing f andthe said pipe is secured to the bulkhead some distance above the door by l the bracket andsocke-t' X, which latter is The hollow the piston through the vents or ports f iVithin the hollow piston rod or pipe F is arranged a smaller pipe Eileavingan annular space f bc tween the inner andouter pipes, and the latter pipe F extends through the piston and opens into the lower part of the cylinder, as at f. The upper ends of the two pipes F and F are secured in'a double elbow G, which also re.- ceives the ends of the twopipes H H, which convey the fluid-pressure to the cylinder F and conduct the fluid from the pipe H through a passage 9 to the inner pipe F and the fluid from the pipe H through the passage 7' to Thuswhen the fluid under pressure is admitted to the pipe H and released from the pipe 11 it will pass through the inner pipe F to the lower part of the cylby the operating-valve K and the parts connected thereto. This operatingvalve K con- .sists of a casing K, bored out in the direcfrom the. cylinder F'is discharged after h v- -ing done its work, and this reservoir M'is waste or returning to a tank connected with as making a return system of piping and sa ving the fluid or liquid; or the pipe may lead '35 a pipe H and thence to the reseryoir *M.-*

cylinder'above the piston F, and this force valve-casing leading into the valve-chamber- I ableicon struction, which may be usedto force' =pipe H and valve K to the cylinder-F toop'em -vice or devices should the main-linebecome} 'or passages 'i t", which open through the sides" -of the valve-plug, the said openings being 'of the ports, as i, will'form a'communicating the dooror'operate'the other device, while; the fluidfrom the upper part of the cylinder The valve-plug I is 0p-v The several pipes are connected to the cas-. ing by the couplings L. The pipes H and H, enter opposite sides of the casing, respectively, and open into passages h h, leading to the valve-chamber k Thebranch pipe I) from the pressure-main B enters through its coupling L'and opens into the passage 1) in the? at right angles to the openingsh h. The] exhaust'-p'assa'ge h -opens into the valve-cha n: her It on'the'opposite'side to the passage '1) and communicates with theexhaust-pipe H which is connected by its coupling L to the lower side of the casing K on one side of the pipe H.. On the other side of the pipe H a pipe H opens into a passage h in the valvecasin g leading into the passage 1). The pipe. II leads to a 'rese'rvoirM, into which the fluid provided'with an overflow-pipe m, leading to the pipe or. The latter method is preferable,

to the bilge or to any other convenient place. The pipe H leads to an auxiliary source of supply, such as a hand-pumpM' of any suitthe fluid-from the reservoir M'through the or close the door byhand-power from either.- side of bulkhead or, to operate-the other dedisabled,

The valve-plug I is provided with two ports ata distance of ninety degrees apart, so that when the plug is turned to-on'e position one passage between the paSsagesU'an'd h and the other port 2" will form a cotn'rnunicatingj passage between the passages hf-{and ht In; this position the fluid from themain vB will; 55

pass from the pipe b, through the pipesH and? F to the-lower part of the cylinder to closer will escape through the. pipes F -and H, the passage h in the valve-casing, the port-"i in. the valve, and the passage k to t-he'eXhaust- When the plug is turned the other way, the: passage 6' from the main 13" will --be opened. into the passage h, so that the fluid willlpass through the pipes H and 1 to't'he top ofthethe said cylinder upward and openthc door, :1 the fiuid from the lower part of the cylinder passing through the pipesF and ILthepassage 1t, port"t',.and'passage-h to the exhailst pipe H andreservoir M.

It will be obvious that the 'valve plugl my" be operated by hand by meansof 'thehandlever I; but to provide for the operationof the system from the central statiomasj bythe lever 0 the valve-casingis providediwith i two chambers K and K flone of which;K

communicates with the passage b through an opening 10 i which opening isi'kept-inor strong enough to resist increased pressure Should it be turned on in case of emergency.

the-passage h, so that should the increased pressure be turned on while the valve K is closed the check -valve K would'be forced open and the increased fl'uidepressurewduld pass through the chamber K to the pipe H anally closed by a check-valve K ,,,l 1e1d upon itsiseat by aspi ing-k the tension of. which 1 spring issufficient to hold the said cheok-- 'yalveolosed against the usual pressure in 12116 .main B audits branches b,-but"is'not I A passage It? connects the chamber K with and thence to the cylinder F and close the door. Thechamber K communicates withthepassage it through an ope'ning k-, 1closed by a check-valve K held upon its seat by a spring 70 which spring is strong enoughto hold the check-va1ve closed against the usual pressure in the system, but not strongenough "to resist theincreased pressurewhen thrown too on, sothat when the increased pressure is exe'rted in the lower end of the cylinder to. close the door the increased pressure in the exhausting end of the cylinderwi'll force the p 11; to the exhaust-pipe H 's -check-vaIveK -open andallowthe exhaust fluid to pass into .the'chamber K ,.which is From the foregoing it will be seen'thatthel normal position of the valve-plug I- is as shown in Fig. 3*t.fe. ,with all its ports closedthus. holding the door or other device-'froini' movement. When it is desired to open or close the door or operate the device, the handie I is turned to the right or left, as the case may be'f-thus admitting the pressure to the Should cyIinderF to open orc'lose the door. it be desirable to close all the doorsor opcrate theFother-devices, as in case of. an

',emergen'cy,the increased fluid-pressure is turned on at the accumulator, as hereinbefore'described, and this will force the checkvalves K open and, passing to the cylinders 11', will close the doors, the exhaust-pr essure forcing the check-valves KT open and escap ing.therethrough.v V

Should-it be necessary to check the movenientofone or more of the doors or other de vices orto open. one whilev being closed by "the increased pressure, the handle I may be 'tu'rned'in the usual direction for opening the door' and f held in this "position. This will QpeIi the' ports in the valve-plug I and will turn the whole pressureinto the upper end of the cylinder E to open the c0511. During this short interval for liberating an'attendant' caught by the emergency closing action a slight amountgof fluid will escape-through the valves K and Ki, for both at this time have their upper sides in connection with the overflow-pipe H but this cannot prevent at least the ordinary pressure being available to open the 'door, and the j'slight amount of waste fluid can do no harm; 'Whenlth'e attendants have allpassed' from the com part-g ment,if the handle be released, whenitwill be restored to the central position by. the springs I or be turned in the opposite'direc-" tion, this will turn the whole pressure into the lower end of .the cylinder, and'the door will be closed; 7

While I have shown the herein described hydraulic system as applied to a bulkhead;

door, it-Will be obvious that the same may be applied to operating hatch-covers, gatevalves, slides, or other devices Where like reciprocat-ing'motion is desired.

It will be obvious that various modifications mightbe made in the'herein-described system i and apparatus which could be used without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patcut of the United States, is- Y 1. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination .With a receptacle adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressuremfan emergency-cylinder, With-piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end-of saidicylinder-and adapted to con tain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure .pipe and an exhaust-pipe, and means for connecting the .pipe from one end of said cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the cylinder to the exhaust-pipe, or vice versa,-means for varying the pressure of the fluid in said receptacle controlled by the fluid insaid pipes, and emergency mechanism operated by the change of pressure ofthe fluid in said receptacle, substantially'as described. i v

2. In a hydraulic system of the character described,-the combination with a receptacle adapted to'contain a body of fluid under pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected toieach end of said cylinder. and adapted to contain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaust-pipe, and means for connecting the pipe from one end of said cylinder'to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the cylinder to the exhaust-pipe, or vice versa, a fluid-pressure main connected to said receptacle, branch pipes leading from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, means operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for varying the fluidpre'ssure in said receptacle and in said fluidpressure main, and emergency mechanism connected to the branch pipes and operated by the change ofprcssure in said fluid-pressure main, substantially as described.

3. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a receptacle adapted to contain a body of fluid under pres-' sure, of an emergency-cylinder, With .piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said cylinder and adapted to contain ,fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaust-pipe, and means for-connecting the pipefrom one end of said cylinder to i the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of; the cylinder to the ,exhaust-pipe, or vice Iyersa, a fluid-pressure main connected to said :'receptacle, branch pipes leading from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, a releasing-valve mechanism connected to each of said branch pipes and adapted to control the flow of fluid through said branch pipe and thus to control the'lnechanism operated thereby, means operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for varying the fluid-pressure in said receptacle and sure, and a fluid-pressure main leading therefrom and a steam-cylinder for exerting pres sure upon said fluid, with valves for regulating the said pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-c3 1:

inder and adapted to contain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaustpipe, andmeans for connecting the pipe from one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure .pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder to the exhaustpipe, or vice versa, means operated by the IIO piston in the emergency-cylinder for incrcasi'ng the pressure of the steam in thesteamcylinder, and emergency mechanism operated by the increased pressure in the ram-cylinder, substantially as described.

5. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted tocontain a body of fluid under pres-' sure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fi uid, with valves-for regulating the said pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, .w it h piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of saidemergency-cylinsure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaustder and adapted to contain fluid under prespipe, and means for connecting the pipe from.

one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the othercnd of the emergency-cylinder to the exhaust-pipe, or vice versa, means operated by the piston 111 the emergency-cylinder for increasing the pressure of the steam in the steam-cylinder,

ceases and emergency mechanism operated by the increased pressure in the ram-cylinder, substantially asdescribed;

6. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to contain a body of fluid under pres,-

' sure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with valves for regulating the said pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-.

increasing the pressure of the steam in the steam-cylinder, and emergency mechanism operated by the increased pressure in the ramcylinder, substantially as described. 1 '1 7. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a receptacle adapted to contain a body of fluidunder pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected tov each end of said cylinder and adapted to contain fluid underpressure,;a fluid-pressure pipe andan exhaust-pipe, and a six-Way valvefor connecting. the pipe from one end of said cylinder'to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other-end of the cylinderto the exhaust-pipe, or vice versa, means for varying the pressure of the fluid in said receptacle controlled by the fluid in said pipes, and emergency mechanismoperated by the change of pressure of the fluid in said receptacle, substantially as describe 8. In a hydraulic systemof the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, and asteam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with valves for regdlat: ing the said pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergencycylinder and adapted to contain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaust-pipe, and means for connecting the pipe from one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe, and from the other end of the emergency-cylinderto the exhaustpipe, or vice versa, a fluid-pressure main leading from the ram-cylinder, branch pipes leading from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes and mechanism operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for regulating the pressure I in the steam-cylinder and so controlling the pressure in all of said branch pipes, substantially as described.

9. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with valves for regulating the said pressure, of an emergency-cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-cylinder and adaptedto contain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressurepipe connected to said ram-cylinder and an exhaust-pipe, and-a six Way valve for connecting the pipe from one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid pressure pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder .to the exhaust-pipe, or

vice yersa, a fluid-pressure main, leadingfrom the ram-cylinder, branch pipes leading from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, andmechanism operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for regulating the pressure in the steam-cylinder and so controlling the pressure in all of said branch pipes, substantially as described.

10. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to'contain a body of fluid under pressure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting,

pressure upon said fluid, with alves for regulating the said pressure, 0t an emergencycylinder, with piston there n, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-cylinder and adapted to contain flu1d under pressure,a fluid-pressure pipe connected to said ram-cylinder and an exhaustpipe, and means for connecting the pipe from one end of the emergencycylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder to the exhaust-pipe, or vice versa, a fluid-pressure main leading from the ram-cylinder, branch pipes leading from said main, reciprocating mechanism operated bythe fluid in said branch pipes and mechanism operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for controlling the pressure in the ram-cylinder and so. all of said branch pipes, substantially as described.

11. In a hydraulic system ofthe character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with valves for regulating the said pressure, of an emergencycylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-cylinder and adapted to contain fluid under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaust-pipe, means for connecting the pipe from one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder to the exhaustpipe, or vice versa, and means for indicating the flow of fluid through said pipes, a fluidpressure main leading from the ram-cylinder, branch pipes leading from said main, reciprocating mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes and mechanism operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for controlling the pressure in all of said branch pipes, and emergency mechanism connected to each of said branch pipes and operated by pressure, and a steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with Valves for regulatin g the said pressure, of an emergency-cyh inder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-cylinder and adapted to contain fluid under pres-v sure, a fluid-pressure-pipe and an exhaustpipe, and means for connecting the pipe from one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder to the exhaust-pipe,

or ViCGVBISfl, a fluid-pressure main connected. to said ram -.eylinder, branch pipes'leading from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, mechanism operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for. controlling the pressure in said fluid-pressure main and in all of said branch pipes, and emergency mechanism connected to each of said branch pipes and operated by increase of pressure in the fluid-pressure main, substantially as described.

13. In a hydraulic systemof the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain fluid under pressure and itself operated byfluid fromthe source of fluid-pressure,

means for regulating the pressure of the fiuid in the accumulator, a fluid-pressure main leading from theaccumulator, branch pipes from said main, reciprocating mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, and

releasing-valve mechanisms located in each of said branch pipes and separately operated by hand at lou pressures and simultaneously automatically operated at high pressures,sub-

stantially as described.

' 14. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a ram-cylinder adapted to contain .a body of fluid'under pressure, and a. steam-cylinder for exerting pressure upon said fluid, with valves for regu lating the said pressure, of an emergency cylinder, with piston therein, pipes respectively connected to each end of said emergency-cylinder and adapted to contain fluid' under pressure, a fluid-pressure pipe and an exhaust-pipe, and means for connecting the pipe from. one end of said emergency-cylinder to the fluid-pressure pipe and from the other end of the emergency-cylinder to theexhaustpipe, or vice versa, a fluid pressure main connected to said ram cylinder, branch pipes, "leadingfrom said main,devices to be operated provided with cylinders operatedby the fluid in said branch pipes, a valve-operated by the piston in the emergency-cylinder for controlling the pressure in the steam-cylinder and thus regulating the pressure in the ram-cylinder and in all of said branch pipes, and a- -hand-opcrated releasing-valve connected to contain a body of fluid under pressure,

each of said branch pipes and adapted tocontrol the flow of fluid through said branch pipe andito control the mechanism operated thereby, substantially as described.

15. .In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination With a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adaptcd to contain fluid under pressure and itself operated by fluid from the source of fluid-pressure,

means for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator, a fluid-pressure main leading from the accumulator, a branch pipe from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipe, and releasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe and operated by hand atlow pressures and automatically operated athigh pressu res, substantially as described.

16. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to a pluralityof reducing-valves for regulating the admission of fluid-pressure from said source to said accumulator, a by-pass opening from betweensaid reducing-valves into said accumulator, a valve controlling said .by-pass,

' means for operating said valve, and mechanism operated by the fluid-pressure from the accumulator, substantially as described.

17. Ina hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of. an accumulator adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves for regulating the admission of fluid-pressure from said source to said, accumulator, a by-pass opening from between said reducing-valves into said accumulator, a valve controlling said by-pass, means for operating said valve, a fluid-pressure main connected to said accumulator, branch pipes connected to said main, and

mechanism operated by the'fluid-pressure in said branch pipes, substantially as described.

18. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of .an an accumulator adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves for regulating the admission of fluid-pressure from said source to'said accumulator, a by-pass opening from between said reducing-valves into said accumulator, a valve controlling said by-pass, means for operating said valve a fluid-pressure main connected to said accumulator, branch pipes connected to said main, and re-' ciprocatin g mechanism operated by the fluidpressure in said branch pipes, substantially as described.

19. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with asource of mulator, a'val've' controlling said by-pass,

' means for operating said valve, a fluid-pressure main connected to said accumulator, branch pipes connected to said main, and a hand-operated releasing-valve in each of said branch pipes, substantially as described.

-20. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves for regulating the admission of fluid-pressure from said source tosaid accumulator, a by-pass opening from between said reducing-valves into said accumnlator, a valvevcontrolling said by-pass,

means for operating said valve, a fluid-pressure main connected to said accumulator, branch pipes connected to said main, reciprocating mechanism operated by the fluid-pres.

sure in said branch pipes, and a-hand-operated releasing-valve in each of said branch pipes,-substantially as described.

21. In a hydraulic system of the characterdescribed, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain a fluid under-pressure and itself operated by fluidfrom the source of fluid-pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves interposed between the source of fluid-pressure and the accumulator, with a by-pass from between said valves to the accumulator. with a valve controlling said by-pass, for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator,

a fluid-pressure main leading from the accumulator, a branch pipe from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipe, and releasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe and operated by hand at lowpressures and automatically operated at high pressures, substantially as described.

.22. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain fluid under pressure and itself operated by fluidfrom the source of fluid-pressure, a plurality of vreducing-valves interposed between the source of fluid-pressure and the accumulator, with a by-pass from between said valves toythe accumulator With a valve controlling said b'y-pass, for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator, a fluid-pressure main leading from the accuniulator, a branch pipe fromfsaid main, reciprocating mechanismoperated by the fluid in said branch pipe, and releasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe and operated by'hand at low pressures and automatically operated at high pressures, substantially as described. 1

23. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of lluid-pressure, of an accumulatoradapted to contain fluid under pressure and itself operatcil by fluid from the source of fluid-pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves intcrposed between the source of fluid-pressure and the accumulator, with a by-pass from bevalve controlling, said by-pass, for regulating .the'pressure of the fluidinthe accumulator,

a fluid-pressure main leading from thelaccu mulator, a-branch' pipe from'said'main, a reciproeating device to be operated, a cylinder and piston .bne of-which. is fast to the reciprocating device and the other to theframework surrounding the same, and the movable part being operated by the fluid in said branch pipe, and releasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe and operated by hand at low pressures and'automatically operated at high pressures, substantially as described. v

24. In a hydraulic systemof the character described, the combinationwith a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain fluid under pressure auditself operated by fluid from the source of flu id-pressure,

means for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator, a fluid-pressure main' leading from the accumulator, a branch pipe from said main, reciprocating mechanism operated by the fluid in s'aidbranch pipe, and

releasing-valve mechanism located in' said branch pipe and operated by hand at low pressures and automatically operatedat high pressures, substantially as described;

25. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain fluid under pressure and-itself operated by fluid from the source of fluid-pressure, means for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator, a fluid-pressure main leading from the accumulator, branch pipes from said main, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, and releasing-valve mechanisms located in each of said branch pipes and separately operated by hand at low pressures and simultaneously automatically operated at high pressures, substantially as described.

26. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure, of an accumulator adapt-ed to contain fluidunder pressure and itself operated by fluid from the source of fluid-pressure, a plurality of reducing-valves interposed between the source of fluid-pressure and the accumulator, witha by-pass from between said valves to the accumulator with a valve con trolling said by-pass for regulating the pressure of the fluid in the accumulator, a fluid pressure main leading from the accumulator, branch pipes from saidmain, mechanism operated by the fluid in said branch pipes, and releasi ug valve mechanisms located in each of said branch pipes and separately operated. by hand at low pressures and simultaneously-automatically operated at high pressures, substantially as described.

27. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of flnid-pressu re, of an accumulator adapted to contajp a body of fluid under pressure, a plurality of reducing-"valves for regulating the described, the combination with a source of lluid-press'ure,'of an accumulator adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, a plurality of reducing valves for regulating the admission of'fiuid-pressure from said source to said accumulator, a bypass-opening from between said reducing-valves into said accumulator, a valve controlling said by-pass, a

' hydraulic system for operating said valveamd reciprocating mechanism operated by the fluid-pressure from the'accumulator substantially as described.

7 29,. "In ahydrauhc system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluidpressure, of an accumulator adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, a pair of reducing-valves for regulating the admission of Iluid pressure from said source to said accumulator, a hy-pass openingfrom between said reducing-vali'esinto. said accumulator, a valve controlling saidgby-pass, a hydraulic system operated by pressure'from the accumulator for operating said valve, a fluidprcssure main connected to said accumulator, branch pipes connected to said main, and mechanism operated by the fiuid-pressure in said branch pipes, substantially as described. 30. In hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a source of fluid-pressure,of'an accumulator adapted to contain a bodyof fluid under pressure, a

pluralityof reducing-valves for regulating the admission of fluid-pressure from said source to said accumulator, a by-pass opening frombetweensaid reducing-valves into said accumulator, a valve controlling said bypass, a hydraulic system operated by pressure from the accumulator for operating said valve, a fluid-pressure main connected to said aceum ulator, branch pipes connected to said main, and reciprocating mechanism operated by thefluid-pressure in said branch pipes, substantially as described.

31. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a fluid-pressure main and a branch pipe leading therefrom, and means for raising and lowering the pressure in said main, of mechanism operated by the pressure in said branch pipe, and re- .--leasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe, andadapted to be operated by hand at all pressures .and to be operated automaticaizy at high pressures only substan t-ially as described.

32. In a hydranli-tsystem of the character described, the com oination with a fluid-pres pressure in said main, of reciprocating mechanism operated by the pressure in said branch pipe, and a releasing-valve mechanism located in said branch pipe, and adapted to be operated by hand at all pressures and to be operated automatically at high pressures only, substantially as, described.

3-): A releasing-valve, for use in apparatus of the character described,comprisin g a valvecasing rith two passages therethrough-cross ing right angles, and a perforated plug at he intersection of said passages, the said passages being also provided with lateral ports or openings, spring-operated valves closing sure main and a branch pipe leading therefrom, and means for raising and lowering the said lateral ports against normal pressures but ieldin to hi h rcssures assages and a P a pipesleading from therear ot' saidsprlngoperated valves to the mechanism to be operated, and'pipes-leading from the valve-casing' to the source of pressure and to the exhaust, substantially as described. v

34:. In a hydraulic system of the character described, the combination with a closed re vceptacle adapted to contain a body of fluid under pressure, an emergency cylinder and I piston with mechanism operated by said piston for increasing the pressure of the fluid in said receptacle, and emergency mechanism operated by the increase of said fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

35. In a hydraulic system for operating re ciprocating mechanism, the combination with a supply-pipefrom the source of fluid-pressure, and an exhaust-pipe, of a fixed hollow piston-rod with separate passages, therethrough to the upper and lower sides of the piston, respectively, a cylinder secured to the mechanism to be operated, double pipes connecting the passages'in the piston-rod to the supply-pipe, and a four-way valve for connecting one of the passages in the piston-rod to the supply-pipe, and the other to the exhaust, or viceversa, with means for operating this valve by hand at all pressures, with auxiliary means for admitting fluid-pressure operated automatically at high pressures only, substantially as described. f

In testimony whereof. I affix my signatui in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM BARNUM ooWLns.v

\V itnesses; F. 0. 11113138, J. W. Tor/maroon.

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