US6079165A - Apparatus and method for bracing vertical structures - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for bracing vertical structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6079165A US6079165A US09/082,706 US8270698A US6079165A US 6079165 A US6079165 A US 6079165A US 8270698 A US8270698 A US 8270698A US 6079165 A US6079165 A US 6079165A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- intermediate section
- plane
- flanges
- spaced apart
- pole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0225—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of circular building elements, e.g. by circular bracing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
- E04H12/2292—Holders used for protection, repair or reinforcement of the post or pole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0248—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of elements made of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reinforcing apparatus for bracing, splinting, or otherwise supporting vertical structures, such as utility poles, power distribution and transmission poles, telephone poles, and like poles and structures, against the forces exerted upon them by environmental factors such as transverse and shear winds. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an improved reinforcing apparatus which when secured to a utility pole and the like minimizes the tendency of the apparatus to twist and rotate under applied loads.
- poles include various forms and definitions of elongated support members, e.g., posts and pilings, whether or not constructed of wood. Such poles must be capable of withstanding not only the columnar load applied by the weight of the objects supported thereon but also the transverse or horizontal load imposed by the transverse winds. In addition, after some years in service, wood utility poles tend to experience decay and rotting just below and slightly above ground level.
- the decayed region is normally relatively small and the penetration of the decay may be limited, the pole is nonetheless structurally weakened and may not be sufficiently strong to resist wind and other forces. Under these conditions, wind forces can result in a pole breaking and toppling, sometimes without warning.
- braces are customarily adapted to extend at least partway along the pole parallel to its longitudinal axis to provide support against transverse wind forces, and other loading conditions.
- the Osmo-C-TrussTM comprises a C-shaped galvanized steel reinforcing apparatus which is secured to a pole by a plurality of galvanized steel bands fastened around the perimeter of the truss/pole assembly.
- the Osmo-C-TrussTM can extend the life of a pole for many years and is installed without interrupting power to utility customers.
- the increased theoretical resistance to bending forces supplied by an apparatus having increased dimensions or higher yield material may be of little practical value.
- the reinforced apparatus may still undergo unacceptable rotation or twisting deformation causing premature failure before its theoretical bending capacity is reached.
- measures such as adding material of higher yield strength may increase theoretical bending support, they represent significant added costs, in many cases without yielding proportionate benefits or efficient results.
- an object of the present invention to provide a pole reinforcing apparatus which minimizes torsional forces and rotation of the apparatus about the pole, thereby improving the mechanical design and increasing the ability of the apparatus to withstand transverse forces, especially with higher yield strength materials of construction.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pole reinforcing apparatus comprising an intermediate section extending to and meeting with spaced apart, outermost flanges and having a first plane tangent to respective junctions between the intermediate section and the spaced apart outermost flanges, wherein an apex portion of the intermediate section between the junctions deflects either towards or away from the first plane and wherein the first plane does not intersect any part of the reinforcing apparatus except at the tangent locations.
- the intermediate section may have a generally V-shaped cross section, a generally U-shaped cross section, a generally channel shaped cross section, or a wide variety of other cross sectional shapes.
- a reinforcing apparatus generally comprises an intermediate section extending to and meeting with spaced apart, outermost flanges and having a plane tangent to respective junctions between the intermediate section and the spaced apart flanges.
- An apex portion of the intermediate section between the junctions deflects either towards or away from the first plane, and wherein the reinforcing apparatus is symmetrical along a second plane bisecting the intermediate section and unsymmetrical along a third plane tangent to the apex portion, and wherein a shear center of the reinforcing apparatus is located at one of the locations consisting of: spaced from the first plane tangent to the respective junctions between the intermediate section and the flanges and outside the confines of the first plane and the intermediate section; within the confines of the first plane and the intermediate section; along the first plane; and coincident with the intermediate section.
- the reinforcing apparatus may be constructed of high strength steel which can have a yield strength of at least about 36,000 psi., and more preferably, of at least about 70,000 psi.
- Other materials of construction include aluminum and composites of fiber reinforced materials, such as E-glass, S-glass, aramid and carbon.
- FIG. 1 is a pictorial diagram showing the bending effect of wind upon a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram showing a typical prior art reinforcing apparatus 22 secured to the utility pole 12.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a prior art reinforcing apparatus 30 having an I-beam configuration and secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a prior art reinforcing apparatus 50 having a C-shaped configuration and secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a prior art reinforcing apparatus 70 having a C-shaped configuration bolstered by a support plate 78 connecting between spaced apart flanges 74 and 76 and secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view, partly in cross-section, of a representative embodiment of a pole reinforcing apparatus 90 of the present invention secured to the utility pole 12.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 100 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a pole reinforcing apparatus 120 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view of the pole reinforcing apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a pole reinforcing apparatus 150 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a plan view of the pole reinforcing apparatus 150 shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a pole reinforcing apparatus 170 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10A is a plan view of the pole reinforcing apparatus 170 shown in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 190 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 220 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 250 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 260 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 270 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 16 is an elevational view, partly in cross-section, of the reinforcing apparatus 270/pole 12 assembly shown in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a cover 292 housing a reinforcing apparatus (not shown) secured to a utility pole 12.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view along line 18--18 of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view of a reinforcing apparatus 302 and cover 300 secured to a utility pole 12.
- the term “elastic axis” is the line, lengthwise of a beam, along which transverse loads must be applied in order to produce bending only, with no torsion of the beam at any section.
- the elastic axis is assumed to be the line that passes through the elastic center of every section.
- flexural center is used synonymously with the term “shear center” with respect to a pole reinforcing apparatus.
- the flexural center of any section of a pole reinforcing apparatus is that point in the plane of the section through which a transverse load, applied at that section, must act if bending deflection only is to be produced, with no twisting of the section.
- a transverse load is applied to a pole at a point displaced from the flexural center or shear center of the associated reinforcing apparatus, the apparatus will experience both bending deflection and twisting in response to the applied load.
- a reinforcing apparatus comprises an intermediate section extending to and meeting with a pair of spaced apart, outermost flanges.
- the intermediate section can have various shapes and configuration between the outermost flanges, and the various embodiments shown and described herein are only representations of them.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the effect of transverse wind forces 10 acting upon a typical utility pole 12.
- Ground level is shown at 14.
- a transverse support beam 16 is provided near the top of the pole 12 and supports utility wires 18. If the wind forces 10 are strong enough, the pole will bend in the direction of the applied or transverse wind force component 20.
- a typical pole reinforcing apparatus 22 (FIG. 2) of the prior art is shown secured to the pole 12 in a position intended to resist the bending forces acting upon the pole.
- wind forces 10, or components thereof not only act upon the pole 12, they also act upon the wires 18 such that the pole tends to bend in the direction indicated by vector component 24 of the applied wind force.
- the bending movement of the pole in direction 24 applies a transverse load to the prior art pole reinforcing apparatus 22 in the general direction of the force component 24.
- the flexural center and the elastic axis of the prior art reinforcing apparatus 22 lie generally along line 26 spaced from the assembly of the utility pole 12/reinforcing apparatus 22.
- the flexural center and the elastic axis 26 are displaced from the central, longitudinal axis 28 of the pole 12, and also from where the transverse forces are applied to the apparatus 22 by the deflection of the pole. Consequently, when the transverse wind forces, i.e., a wind force having a direction indicated by numeral 24, are of a sufficient magnitude, undesirable twisting of the prior art reinforcing apparatus 22 about the longitudinal axis 28 of the pole 12 can result, as indicated by dashed line 30.
- FIGS. 3 to 5 show additional representative embodiments of reinforcing apparatuses according to the prior art.
- FIG. 3 shows a prior art reinforcing apparatus 30 having an I-beam configuration comprising a central plate 32 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 34 and 36.
- Central plate 32 bifurcates the flanges 34, 36 such that the reinforcing apparatus 30 is symmetrical about a plane A--A bisecting the central plate 32 and plane B--B bisecting both the central plate and the flanges 34, 36.
- the center of gravity for reinforcing apparatus 30, indicated by point 38 is intersected by the planes A--A and B--B.
- the shear center of the reinforcing apparatus is located at the center of gravity point 38.
- FIG. 4 shows another prior art reinforcing apparatus 50 comprising an intermediate section 52 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 54 and 56.
- the reinforcing apparatus 50 has a C-shaped configuration with a center of gravity point indicated at 58.
- the reinforcing apparatus 50 is secured to the utility pole 12 by a fastener such as bands 60 with the terminal ends 62 and 64 of flanges 54, 56 extending into the pole 12.
- the reinforcing apparatus has its shear center located at the point indicated at 66 bounded by the reinforcing apparatus 50 and a plane C--C contacting the respective terminal ends 62,64 of the flanges 54, 56.
- FIG. 5 shows still another prior art reinforcing apparatus 70, similar to the reinforcing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 4, comprising an intermediate section 72 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 74 and 76.
- This C-shaped reinforcing apparatus is bolstered by a support plate 78 extending to and meeting with the flanges at opposed positions between the terminal ends 80 and 82 of the flanges and the intermediate section 72.
- the center of gravity of this prior art apparatus is located at the point indicated at 84.
- the reinforcing apparatus 80 is secured to the utility pole 12 by a band 86, the assembly has its shear center located at the point indicated at 88.
- the reinforcing apparatus reduces torsional forces which inherently reduces twisting about the pole and shape distortion compared to the prior art reinforcing apparatuses.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a representative pole reinforcing apparatus 90 according to the present invention as it appears secured to the utility pole 12. Again, ground level is depicted at 14 and the underground is depicted at 92. Reinforcing apparatus 90 is approximately 10 ft. in length and is positioned on pole 12 such that about a 5 ft. section of the apparatus 90 extends below the ground level 14. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that the reinforcing apparatus 90 may be either longer or shorter than that, and may extend to varying depths into the underground 92 while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
- the representative reinforcing apparatus 90 according to the present invention (FIG. 6), which is secured to a weakened utility pole so as to extend axially at least partway along the length thereof in order to brace or splint the pole against the bending forces of transverse winds, also generally comprises an intermediate section extending to and meeting with spaced apart flange sections.
- a characterizing structure of the present reinforcing apparatus is that an apex portion of the intermediate section deflects towards the terminal ends of the flanges.
- the prior art C-shaped reinforcing apparatus 30, 50 and 70 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 there is no such deflected structure.
- the prior art C-shaped reinforcing apparatuses 50 and 70 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 do not include a plane tangent to respective junctions between the intermediate section and the spaced apart flanges with an apex portion of the intermediate section deflecting either towards or away from the tangent plane.
- the intermediate sections 52 and 72 are continuously extending away from a plane tangent to the apex, for example plane D--D in FIG. 4, and towards the respective flanges which in turn extend to terminal ends, spaced at a maximum distance with respect to the intermediate section as determined by the distance between the terminal ends and the apex of the intermediate section.
- the intermediate section in the prior art reinforcing apparatus 50 does not include a portion that deflects towards the plane D--D.
- FIG. 7 A plan view of one embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 100 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 and comprises spaced apart legs or flanges 102 and 104 integrally connected to an intermediate section 106.
- the flanges 102, 104 have respective terminal ends 108 and 110 with an apex 111 of the intermediate section deflecting towards the terminal ends.
- Such an apparatus is characterized as having symmetry about a plane E--E bisecting the intermediate section 106 but is unsymmetrical about a plane F--F intersecting flanges 102, 104.
- the center of gravity, indicated by point 112 is located within the confines of the reinforcing apparatus 100 and a plane G--G tangent to the respective terminal ends 108, 110 of the flanges 102 and 104.
- the reinforcing apparatus is positioned to receive the pole (not shown) cradled between and contacted by the spaced apart flanges with the intermediate section either spaced from the pole or contacting the pole at an intermediate contact point.
- the reinforcing apparatus cradles the pole in the intermediate section with the spaced apart flanges extending away from the pole.
- the shear center of the reinforcing apparatus indicated by point 114, resides along the plane E--E but outside the confines of a plane H--H tangent to the respective junctions 116,118 between the flanges 102, 104 and the intermediate section 106.
- the shear center is moved closer to the applied load point from the pole (not shown) than is realized with the prior art reinforcing apparatus (FIGS. 4 to 6) to thereby support the weakened pole and help prevent transverse loads from twisting the reinforcing apparatus.
- the reinforcing apparatus 100 can be secured to a utility pole in either direction with the pole cradled between the flanges 102,104 or cradled in the intermediate section 106.
- FIGS. 8 and 8A show one preferred embodiment of a pole reinforcing apparatus 120 according to the present invention comprising spaced apart flanges 122 and 124 and an intermediate section 126.
- the intermediate section 126 extends to and meets with first angled junctions 128 and 130 which in turn extend to and meet with second angled junctions 132 and 134.
- the flanges 122, 124 are parallel to each other, and each of the pairs of angles 136 and 138 at the respective first and second junctions are obtuse angles.
- the obtuse angle pairs can be constructed as equals, or one of the angles 136 and/or 138 between one of the flanges 122, 124 and the intermediate section 126 can be less than the other. While not shown, the angles 136 and/or 138 can even be acute. Any one of these different angle embodiments may or may not result in the flanges 122, 124 remaining parallel.
- Intermediate section 126 has a splayed V-shape with an apex 139 that deflects in the general direction of the terminal ends 140 and 142 of the flanges 122 and 124 and away from a plane I--I tangent to the junctions 128,130 of the intermediate section 126 and the flanges 122,124.
- a characterizing feature of the present invention is that the shear center 144 of the reinforcing apparatus 120 is within the confines of the plane I--I and the intermediate section 126.
- reinforcing apparatus 120 is shown uniform in cross-section along its length, those skilled in the art will recognize that various non-uniform and asymmetrical shapes may be devised for each of the reinforcing apparatus described herein without departing from the principles of the present invention. This will be described in detail hereinafter.
- FIGS. 9 and 9A show another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 150 according to the present invention comprising an intermediate section 152 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 154 and 156 at respective junctions 158 and 160.
- the flanges 154, 156 are parallel to each other, and the junctions between them and the intermediate section 152 are U-shaped.
- the intermediate section 152 has a channel shape with a trough, similar to the apex 139 in FIGS.
- the reinforcing apparatus 150 is uniform in cross-section along its length.
- the shear center 166 of the reinforcing apparatus 150 is outside the confines of the plane J--J and the intermediate section 152.
- FIGS. 10 and 10A show another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 170 according to the present invention comprising an intermediate section 172 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 174 and 176 at respective junctions 178 and 180.
- the flanges 174, 176 are angled with respect to each other, and the junctions between them and the intermediate section 172 are curved.
- the intermediate section 172 has a V-shape with a curved apex 182 that deflects in the direction of the terminal ends 184 and 186 of the spaced apart flanges 174, 176 and away from a plane K--K tangent to the junctions 178, 180 of the intermediate section 172 and the flanges 174,176.
- the reinforcing apparatus 170 is uniform in cross-section along its length with a shear center 188 of the apparatus bordered by the plane K--K and the intermediate section 172.
- a reinforcing apparatus can embody features of various ones of the described apparatus 120, 150 and 170 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- a reinforcing apparatus could have a channel-shaped intermediate section, such as intermediate section 152 shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A with angled junctions, such as junctions 128, 130 and 132, 134 shown in FIGS. 8 and 8A.
- the apex of the intermediate section does not need to be centered or equidistant between the flanges.
- Other combinations and variations of reinforcing apparatus according to the present invention described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 11 shows another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 190 according to the present invention comprising an intermediate section 192 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 194 and 196 at respective junctions 198 and 200.
- the intermediate section 192 is of a general channel configuration, similar to the intermediate channel 152 of the reinforcing apparatus 150 shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A, but with a splayed V-shape having the apex 202 of the V extending away from the terminal end 204 and 206 of the respective flanges 194 and 196 and towards a plane L--L tangent to the junctions 198,200 of the intermediate section 192 and the flanges 194,196.
- the pole With the reinforcing apparatus 190 secured to a utility pole 12 by fasteners, such as bolts 208, the pole is cradled in the crotch of the splayed V-shaped portion 202 having the terminal ends 204, 206 of the flanges 194, 196 contacting, and preferably dug into the pole. In that position, the shear center 210 of the reinforcing apparatus 190 is outside the confines of the plane L--L and the intermediate section 192.
- the provision of the junctions 198, 200 spaced from the utility pole 12 aids in stabilizing the reinforcing apparatus 190, especially with the terminal ends 204, 206 embedded into the pole.
- FIG. 12 shows another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 220 according to the present invention comprising an intermediate section 222 extending to and meeting with spaced apart flanges 224 and 226 at respective junctions 228 and 230.
- the intermediate section 222 has channel configuration with a splayed V-shaped base having the apex 234 of the V extending away from the terminal ends 236 and 238 of the respective flanges 224, 226 and towards a plane M--M tangent to the junctions 228,230 of the intermediate section 222 and the flanges 224,226.
- the reinforcing apparatus 220 is secured to the utility pole 12 cradled in the crotch of the splayed V-shaped portion 234 having the terminal ends 236, 238 of the flanges 224, 226 dug into the pole. Again, the shear center 240 of the reinforcing apparatus 220 is outside the confines of the plane M--M and the channel shaped intermediate section 222.
- the apparatus 220 tapers downwardly and outwardly or inwardly with respect to the utility pole 12. This provides added stabilizing strength to the reinforcing apparatus 220, which serves to enhance the union between the reinforcing apparatus 220 and the utility pole 12. It is contemplated that the thickness of the reinforcing apparatus can increase along its length to provide the taper, or the thickness can remain uniform with the taper provided by thusly shaping the apparatus.
- the reinforcing apparatus 220 need not have a constant taper along its length, but can have a taper that varies towards and away from the utility pole 12 or the reinforcing apparatus can have only portions that are tapered.
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention has the reinforcing apparatus tapering downwardly and inwardly toward the utility pole.
- FIG. 13 shows another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 250 according to the present invention that is similar to the reinforcing apparatus 190 of FIG. 11 except that the flange 194A is somewhat shorter than the corresponding flange 194. In all other respects the two reinforcing apparatus 190 and 250 are similar. Providing flange 194A shorter than flange 194 can be useful in those installations where the wind force component 24 is predominately from a direction initially hitting the shorter flange 194A. In that situation, the increased strength is provided by the longer flange 196A and cost of construction consideration and the like may dictate that flange 194A need not be as long as flange 196A.
- FIG. 14 shows another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 260 according to the present invention that is similar to the reinforcing apparatus 190 of FIG. 11 and comprises flanges 262, 264 extending to and meeting with an intermediate section 266 at junctions 268 and 270.
- junction 268 is inwardly turned to position flange 262 within the intermediate section 266.
- the outwardly turned junction 270 connecting between the intermediate section 266 and flange 264 can also be inwardly turned.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show another preferred embodiment of a reinforcing apparatus 270 according to the present invention that is similar to the reinforcing apparatus 190 of FIG. 11 and comprises flanges 272, 274 meeting with an intermediate section 276 at junctions 278 and 280.
- the thickness of the flanges 272, 274 has been increased in comparison to the flanges 194, 196 of the reinforcing apparatus 190 (FIG. 11), as shown by plate portions 282 and 284.
- the added thickness can be provided by plates secured to the flanges 272, 274 such as by welding, bolting and the like, or the flanges can be preformed in that configuration.
- the plates 282, 284 are shown secured to the inside of the flanges 272, 274, immediately proximate the intermediate section 276, the plates can also be secured to the outside of the flanges. Also, as shown in FIG. 16, the increased thickness sections 282, 284 need not extend the entire length of the reinforcing apparatus 270, but, in use, preferably extend along a portion of the flanges 272, 274 into the ground 92 and above ground level 14. This is the portion of the reinforcing apparatus 270 directly adjacent to the weathered portion of the pole 12 which usually occurs within the vicinity of ground level 14.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate that the various pole reinforcing apparatus of the present invention can be oriented on a utility pole 12 such that the pole is cradled between the spaced apart junctions 278, 280 contacting the pole 12 with the intermediate section 276 contacting the pole at an intermediate, contact point 286, aligned along fastener 288.
- This multi-point contact configuration can be further augmented by providing the flanges 272, 274 meeting with outwardly turned U-shaped junctions (not shown) that extend to respective second flanges having their terminal ends contacting the pole.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are views of a representative reinforcing apparatus 290 according to the present invention secured to a utility pole 12 and provided with a protective cover 292.
- Protective cover 292 is used to enclose any of the various present invention reinforcing apparatus.
- a top cover 294 is secured to pole 12 and extends over the top of the reinforcing apparatus.
- Bands 296 surround the reinforcing apparatus 290, cover 292 and pole 12, thereby helping to retain the reinforcing apparatus in a secured engagement with the pole.
- FIG. 19 shows an alternate embodiment of a protective cover 300 associated with a representative reinforcing apparatus 302 according to the present invention.
- the terminal ends 304, 306 of flanges 308, 310 are directed toward, and preferably in contact with the pole 12.
- Reinforcing apparatus 302 is secured to the pole 12 by fasteners 312 (only one shown), which are disposed through an intermediate section 314 and into the pole 12. In this construction, the intermediate section 314 does not contact the pole 12 at a location between the terminal ends 304, 306 of the respective flanges 308, 310.
- the various embodiments of the reinforcing apparatus of the present invention illustrate that the pole is cradled in the intermediate section between the spaced apart flanges extending away from the pole (FIG. 15) or the pole is cradled by the terminal ends of the spaced apart flanges with (FIGS. 11 to 14) or without the intermediate section contacting the pole (FIG. 19) at a location between the flanges.
- the reinforcing apparatus serves to align the elastic axis and the shear center of the reinforcing apparatus closer to the longitudinal axis of the pole and the point of load transfer from the pole than is capable with the prior art reinforcing apparatus to thereby help support the pole and the point of load transfer from the pole nd prevent twisting of the reinforcing apparatus.
Abstract
Description
Claims (42)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/082,706 US6079165A (en) | 1997-05-22 | 1998-05-21 | Apparatus and method for bracing vertical structures |
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US4744397P | 1997-05-22 | 1997-05-22 | |
US09/082,706 US6079165A (en) | 1997-05-22 | 1998-05-21 | Apparatus and method for bracing vertical structures |
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US6079165A true US6079165A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
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US09/082,706 Expired - Lifetime US6079165A (en) | 1997-05-22 | 1998-05-21 | Apparatus and method for bracing vertical structures |
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US10704222B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2020-07-07 | SWS Innovations, LLC | Reinforcement devices, systems and methods for constructing and reinforcing the foundation of a structure |
US11299909B2 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2022-04-12 | Charles F. Solazzo, JR. | Post repair kit and method of reparation |
US20220178158A1 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-09 | Fuzhou University | Device and method for reinforcing round section wood beam by combination of prestressed frp sheet and high strength steel wire rope |
US20220213713A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2022-07-07 | Charles F. Solazzo, JR. | Post repair kit and method of reparation |
US20220243493A1 (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-04 | Osmose Utilities Services, Inc. | Apparatuses and systems for bracing vertical structures |
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CA2238456A1 (en) | 1998-11-22 |
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