US6053260A - Flagger/marker/locator - Google Patents

Flagger/marker/locator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6053260A
US6053260A US09/102,588 US10258898A US6053260A US 6053260 A US6053260 A US 6053260A US 10258898 A US10258898 A US 10258898A US 6053260 A US6053260 A US 6053260A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
marker
flagger
utility line
main body
underground utility
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US09/102,588
Inventor
Peter Boon
Jack Bates
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US09/102,588 priority Critical patent/US6053260A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6053260A publication Critical patent/US6053260A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
    • H02G9/02—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water laid directly in or on the ground, river-bed or sea-bottom; Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
    • E01F9/608—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings for guiding, warning or controlling traffic, e.g. delineator posts or milestones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for detecting and marking and/or flagging underground utility lines such as electrical power, gas, cable tv and telephone lines.
  • Location and marking of underground utility lines is important in order to avoid accidental disruption of utility services and destruction of utility lines during subsequent earth moving activities.
  • Location is typically done with a detector responsive to metallic components of the utility line, utilizing electromagnetic energy, for example.
  • the line is then flagged and/or marked above ground level by placement of a series of spaced flags and/or applying a bright paint stripe on the ground and/or grass. Placing of such flags by inserting the flag stem into the ground can be tedious and time consuming, as is known.
  • the flags are either manually inserted into the ground or by use of a tool. Either way, the process is tiring to the workman. The same is true for paint striping the ground.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a unique utility line locator/flagger and/or marker that is comfortable to use, enables the underground line to be readily detected, flag dropped, and then inserted by simply stepping on a foot peg on the tool.
  • the line can also be paint marked by use of an actuator on the handle of the tool.
  • a GPS Global Positioning System
  • GIS Global Information System
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of the upper end of the elongated main body and the forwardly projecting handle portion;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the handle
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of the lower end of the ground penetrator.
  • the underground utility line locator, flagger and/or marker 10 (FIG. 1) has an elongated main body 20 with an upper end and a lower end ground penetrator 22 and a forwardly projecting handle 24.
  • the ground penetrator 22 has a flagstaff-engagement recess 26 at the bottom of the ground penetrator 22.
  • Attached to the main body is a protruding foot-driven projection such as a peg 28 whereby the staff of a marker flag (not shown) lying on the ground can be inserted into the ground with the flag upright by using the handle 24 to place the engagement recess on the flagstaff and stepping on the peg 28.
  • the ground penetrator 22 is attached to the elongated body portion 20 at an obtuse angle such that the ground penetrator 22 projects forward from the elongated body portion 20.
  • the end of the ground penetrator 22 has a knife blade portion 30 allowing easier insertion of the flag into the ground.
  • the flagstaff-engagement recess 26 is generally shaped as an inverted U-shaped notch with an inside radius. The inverted U shape of the recess 26 works more efficiently than an inverted V-shaped notch because the inside radius allows more of the recess 26 to contact the flagstaff thereby more securely gripping the flagstaff.
  • the obtuse angle of the ground penetrator 22 and the secure hold provided by the inverted U-shaped engagement recess 26 enables the lower portion of the flagstaff to bend upon insertion of the flagstaff into the ground, which creates a barb in the flagstaff that prevents easy removal of the flag.
  • the barb helps, by more firmly planting the flagstaff into the ground, to ensure removal of the flag only occurs when removal is actually intended.
  • the horizontal foot peg 28 (FIG. 2) is preferably attached by a weld to the elongated main body 20 at a slight upward tilt from horizontal, preferably at an angle of about 2 degrees from horizontal toward handle 24.
  • a retaining element such as a washer 32, is attached to the other end of foot peg 28 by a weld. The retaining element 32 aids in preventing the user's foot from slipping off of the peg while the invention is in use.
  • the handle 24 is attached, preferably by a weld 25, at an acute angle, preferably from 35 to 55 degrees to the body, depending on the weight of the options mounted on the tool, and more preferably at about 48 degrees to elongated main body 20. It has been found that this acute angular arrangement causes the least rearward rotational force on the operator's wrist when the tool is in the optimum installation position.
  • An elbow cover 34 is attached over the juncture of handle 24 with elongated main body 20 by an attachment means such as a rivet or screw 36. Cover 34 dresses up the juncture and also protects the inner actuator 38 and connecting linkage 40 (described below) from damage, dirt, and other debris.
  • the cover is preferably made of metal or plastic.
  • An actuator 38 (FIG. 4) is contained in handle 24.
  • a rod extends through the handle 24 and has a rod orifice 44 at one end and a button knob 46 at the opposite end.
  • a push bar 48 Inside the handle 24 there is a push bar 48 and a biasing element such as a spring 50 around rod 42.
  • the spring 50 and push bar 48 are retained in position by two retaining end plugs such as square washers 52, 54, such that after rod 42 is actuated by the operator pushing on finger or button knob 46, spring 50 returns rod 42 back to its original position.
  • the orifice 44 is operably connected to the connecting linkage 40 (FIG. 3) which extends through the interior of the elongated main body until it reaches slot 56 (FIG. 1) where it exits the elongated main body 20 and extends along the outside of the paint vessel retainer 58 until it connects to an engagement member such as metal wire 60.
  • Metal wire 60 is pivotally mounted on retainer 58 such that when rod 42 is actuated, the connecting linkage causes the metal wire to pivot and engage a paint vessel nozzle on the bottom end of a pressurized paint can, thereby causing paint spray to be expelled from the paint vessel to mark the ground.
  • Attached to the elongated main body below retainer 58 is a paint windshield 62.
  • the paint windshield assures the correct distance between the ground to be marked and the paint vessel, to assure that the correct amount of paint will be applied to the ground, and protects the paint vessel from dirt and debris which may clog the nozzle of the paint vessel or damage the paint vessel itself.
  • flag retainer pocket 64 Also connected to the elongated main body is a flag retainer pocket 64.
  • the flag retainer 64 is attached, preferably by a weld, to the elongated main body, preferably on the opposite side to paint vessel retainer 58, to balance the utilizing line locator, flagger, and/or marker 10.
  • the flag retainer pocket has a drainage hole 66 near the bottom of retainer 64 which prevents buildup of liquid within the retainer when the invention is used in inclement weather. In the preferred embodiment, flag retainer 64 is large enough to hold a standard pack of fifty utility marking flags.
  • a grip 68 preferably of polymeric material, is attached to the handle 24.
  • the grip is preferably made of rubber or plastic which is texturized and shaped/contoured to conform to the human hand, thereby providing comfort and stability during use. It is also preferably of electrically non-conductive material for safety reasons.
  • a wheel may be mounted on the ground penetrator 22 in order to assure the invention remains at a constant distance from the ground.
  • the use of a pipe and cable locator instrument allows this invention to become not only a marker/flagger but also a pipe and cable locator.
  • a portable GPS (global positioning system) or GIS (global information system) instrument may be used in combination with the present invention to locate utility lines, to document the location of the flagging and marking operations done by the operator, and to ensure correct placement of the flags.
  • knob 46 In operating the present invention to designate the correct location of a utility line, cable, or pipe, the operator presses knob 46 which, via connecting linkage 40, causes metal wire 60 to engage the paint vessel nozzle and thereby cause the paint vessel to spray paint onto the ground in the desired location.
  • the operator first removes a utility marking flag from the flag retainer 64, drops the utility marking flag onto the ground, and places flagstaff-engagement recess 26 over the flagstaff or stem near the distal end of the stem being inserted into the ground.
  • the operator next steps on foot peg 28 to apply a downward force onto the marker flag stem, thereby forcing it into the ground and moving the flag upright.
  • the use of engagement recess 26 and the obtuse angle of ground penetrator 22 forms a barb in the flag stem when the flag is inserted into the ground, such that unintended removal of the flag is better prevented.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Abstract

An underground utility line flagger and marker having an elongated main body having an upper end and a lower-end ground penetrator, a forwardly projecting handle at the upper end at an acute angle to the main body, the ground penetrator having a marker flagstaff-engagement recess at the bottom thereof, and a foot-driven projection on the main body whereby the staff of a marker flag lying on the ground can be inserted into the ground with the flag upright by using the handle to place the engagement recess on the flagstaff and stepping on the peg.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus for detecting and marking and/or flagging underground utility lines such as electrical power, gas, cable tv and telephone lines.
Location and marking of underground utility lines is important in order to avoid accidental disruption of utility services and destruction of utility lines during subsequent earth moving activities. Location is typically done with a detector responsive to metallic components of the utility line, utilizing electromagnetic energy, for example. The line is then flagged and/or marked above ground level by placement of a series of spaced flags and/or applying a bright paint stripe on the ground and/or grass. Placing of such flags by inserting the flag stem into the ground can be tedious and time consuming, as is known. The flags are either manually inserted into the ground or by use of a tool. Either way, the process is tiring to the workman. The same is true for paint striping the ground.
Efforts have been made to lessen the difficulty and tedium of flag insertion by bending the bottom of each flag staff at an angle and pounding it into the ground with a sleeve-type outer pipe movable on an inner rod, comparable to a typical fence post driver, as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,814. This still is tedious and leaves much to be desired, however.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a unique utility line locator/flagger and/or marker that is comfortable to use, enables the underground line to be readily detected, flag dropped, and then inserted by simply stepping on a foot peg on the tool. The line can also be paint marked by use of an actuator on the handle of the tool. Optionally, a GPS (Global Positioning System) or GIS (Global Information System) is supported by the tool to determine the exact location of the line.
These and other features, advantages and objects of the present invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following specification, claims and appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of the upper end of the elongated main body and the forwardly projecting handle portion;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the handle; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of the lower end of the ground penetrator.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The underground utility line locator, flagger and/or marker 10 (FIG. 1) has an elongated main body 20 with an upper end and a lower end ground penetrator 22 and a forwardly projecting handle 24. The ground penetrator 22 has a flagstaff-engagement recess 26 at the bottom of the ground penetrator 22. Attached to the main body is a protruding foot-driven projection such as a peg 28 whereby the staff of a marker flag (not shown) lying on the ground can be inserted into the ground with the flag upright by using the handle 24 to place the engagement recess on the flagstaff and stepping on the peg 28.
As seen in FIG. 5, the ground penetrator 22 is attached to the elongated body portion 20 at an obtuse angle such that the ground penetrator 22 projects forward from the elongated body portion 20. The end of the ground penetrator 22 has a knife blade portion 30 allowing easier insertion of the flag into the ground. The flagstaff-engagement recess 26 is generally shaped as an inverted U-shaped notch with an inside radius. The inverted U shape of the recess 26 works more efficiently than an inverted V-shaped notch because the inside radius allows more of the recess 26 to contact the flagstaff thereby more securely gripping the flagstaff. The obtuse angle of the ground penetrator 22 and the secure hold provided by the inverted U-shaped engagement recess 26 enables the lower portion of the flagstaff to bend upon insertion of the flagstaff into the ground, which creates a barb in the flagstaff that prevents easy removal of the flag. The barb helps, by more firmly planting the flagstaff into the ground, to ensure removal of the flag only occurs when removal is actually intended.
The horizontal foot peg 28 (FIG. 2) is preferably attached by a weld to the elongated main body 20 at a slight upward tilt from horizontal, preferably at an angle of about 2 degrees from horizontal toward handle 24. A retaining element, such as a washer 32, is attached to the other end of foot peg 28 by a weld. The retaining element 32 aids in preventing the user's foot from slipping off of the peg while the invention is in use.
The handle 24 is attached, preferably by a weld 25, at an acute angle, preferably from 35 to 55 degrees to the body, depending on the weight of the options mounted on the tool, and more preferably at about 48 degrees to elongated main body 20. It has been found that this acute angular arrangement causes the least rearward rotational force on the operator's wrist when the tool is in the optimum installation position. An elbow cover 34 is attached over the juncture of handle 24 with elongated main body 20 by an attachment means such as a rivet or screw 36. Cover 34 dresses up the juncture and also protects the inner actuator 38 and connecting linkage 40 (described below) from damage, dirt, and other debris. The cover is preferably made of metal or plastic.
An actuator 38 (FIG. 4) is contained in handle 24. A rod extends through the handle 24 and has a rod orifice 44 at one end and a button knob 46 at the opposite end. Inside the handle 24 there is a push bar 48 and a biasing element such as a spring 50 around rod 42. The spring 50 and push bar 48 are retained in position by two retaining end plugs such as square washers 52, 54, such that after rod 42 is actuated by the operator pushing on finger or button knob 46, spring 50 returns rod 42 back to its original position.
The orifice 44 is operably connected to the connecting linkage 40 (FIG. 3) which extends through the interior of the elongated main body until it reaches slot 56 (FIG. 1) where it exits the elongated main body 20 and extends along the outside of the paint vessel retainer 58 until it connects to an engagement member such as metal wire 60. Metal wire 60 is pivotally mounted on retainer 58 such that when rod 42 is actuated, the connecting linkage causes the metal wire to pivot and engage a paint vessel nozzle on the bottom end of a pressurized paint can, thereby causing paint spray to be expelled from the paint vessel to mark the ground. Attached to the elongated main body below retainer 58 is a paint windshield 62. The paint windshield assures the correct distance between the ground to be marked and the paint vessel, to assure that the correct amount of paint will be applied to the ground, and protects the paint vessel from dirt and debris which may clog the nozzle of the paint vessel or damage the paint vessel itself.
Also connected to the elongated main body is a flag retainer pocket 64. The flag retainer 64 is attached, preferably by a weld, to the elongated main body, preferably on the opposite side to paint vessel retainer 58, to balance the utilizing line locator, flagger, and/or marker 10. The flag retainer pocket has a drainage hole 66 near the bottom of retainer 64 which prevents buildup of liquid within the retainer when the invention is used in inclement weather. In the preferred embodiment, flag retainer 64 is large enough to hold a standard pack of fifty utility marking flags.
In the preferred embodiment, a grip 68, preferably of polymeric material, is attached to the handle 24. The grip is preferably made of rubber or plastic which is texturized and shaped/contoured to conform to the human hand, thereby providing comfort and stability during use. It is also preferably of electrically non-conductive material for safety reasons.
In another embodiment, a wheel may be mounted on the ground penetrator 22 in order to assure the invention remains at a constant distance from the ground. The use of a pipe and cable locator instrument allows this invention to become not only a marker/flagger but also a pipe and cable locator. A portable GPS (global positioning system) or GIS (global information system) instrument may be used in combination with the present invention to locate utility lines, to document the location of the flagging and marking operations done by the operator, and to ensure correct placement of the flags.
In operating the present invention to designate the correct location of a utility line, cable, or pipe, the operator presses knob 46 which, via connecting linkage 40, causes metal wire 60 to engage the paint vessel nozzle and thereby cause the paint vessel to spray paint onto the ground in the desired location.
In operation, the operator first removes a utility marking flag from the flag retainer 64, drops the utility marking flag onto the ground, and places flagstaff-engagement recess 26 over the flagstaff or stem near the distal end of the stem being inserted into the ground. The operator next steps on foot peg 28 to apply a downward force onto the marker flag stem, thereby forcing it into the ground and moving the flag upright. The use of engagement recess 26 and the obtuse angle of ground penetrator 22 forms a barb in the flag stem when the flag is inserted into the ground, such that unintended removal of the flag is better prevented.
The above description is considered that of the preferred embodiment only. Modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and to those who make or use the invention. Therefore, it is understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims as interpreted according to the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.

Claims (24)

The invention claimed is:
1. An underground utility line flagger and marker, comprising:
an elongated main body having an upper end and a lower end, a front surface and a rear surface;
an elongated, rigid ground penetrating member having a top and a bottom end;
a handle connected to said upper end and extending from said front surface at an acute angle to said main body;
said top end of said ground penetrating member connected to said lower end and said front surface of said main body;
said bottom end of said ground penetrating member having a marker flagstaff-engagement notch in a bottom edge thereof, wherein the ground penetrating member extends downwardly from the lower end and forwardly from the front surface of the main body at an obtuse angle to the main body; and
a foot driven projection on a lower end of said main body whereby a staff of a marker flag lying on the ground can be inserted into the ground with the flag upright by using the handle to place the engagement notch on the flagstaff and stepping on the foot driven projection.
2. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said acute angle is about 35-55 degrees.
3. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said acute angle is about 48 degrees.
4. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, further comprising a utility flag retainer connected to said elongated main body.
5. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 4, wherein said utility flag retainer includes a drainage hole to prevent liquid buildup.
6. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 5, further comprising a retainer for receiving a pressurized paint retainer connected to said main body;
an engagement member; and
an actuator operatively connecting said handle and said engagement member for actuation of a paint vessel in said retainer to mark the ground.
7. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 6, wherein said actuator includes connecting linkage.
8. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 6, wherein said actuator includes a finger-engageable button knob.
9. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said handle includes a grip.
10. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 9, wherein said grip is of polymeric material.
11. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 10, wherein said grip is shaped/contoured to conform to a human hand thereby providing comfort to the user.
12. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said ground penetrator includes a knife portion to facilitate ground penetration.
13. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said flagstaff engagement recess is of substantially inverted U shape.
14. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 1, wherein said foot driven projection is a peg.
15. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 14, wherein said peg is attached to said main body at a slight upward slant toward the handle to help prevent the user's foot from slipping off said peg during operation.
16. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 15, wherein said peg includes a retaining element attached to said peg outer end to prevent a user's foot from slipping off said peg during operation.
17. An underground utility line flagger and marker, comprising:
an elongated main body having an upper end and a lower end, a front surface and a rear surface;
an elongated, rigid ground penetrating member having a top end and a bottom end wherein said bottom end has a knife blade portion;
a handle connected to said upper end and extending from said front surface at an acute angle to said main body;
said top end of said ground penetrating member connected to said lower end of said main body, wherein the ground penetrating member extends downwardly from the lower end and forwardly from the front surface of the main body at an obtuse angle to the main body;
said knife blade portion further including a marker flagstaff engagement notch in a bottom edge thereof;
a foot driven projection on a lower end of said main body; and
a flag having a flagstaff wherein said marker flagstaff engagement notch receives said flagstaff whereby said flagstaff is inserted into the ground by actuating said foot driven projection.
18. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 17, wherein said acute angle is about 35-55 degrees.
19. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 17, wherein said acute angle is about 48 degrees.
20. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 17, further comprising a utility flag retainer connected to said elongated main body.
21. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 20, wherein said utility flag retainer includes a drainage hole to prevent liquid buildup.
22. The underground utility line flagger or marker in claim 21, wherein said actuator includes connecting linkage.
23. The underground utility line flagger or marker in claim 21, wherein said actuator includes a finger-engageable button knob.
24. The underground utility line flagger and marker in claim 17, further comprising a paint vessel retainer connected to said main body for receiving a paint vessel;
an engagement member; and
an actuator operatively connecting said handle and said engagement member for actuation of a paint vessel in said paint vessel retainer to mark the ground.
US09/102,588 1998-06-23 1998-06-23 Flagger/marker/locator Expired - Fee Related US6053260A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/102,588 US6053260A (en) 1998-06-23 1998-06-23 Flagger/marker/locator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/102,588 US6053260A (en) 1998-06-23 1998-06-23 Flagger/marker/locator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6053260A true US6053260A (en) 2000-04-25

Family

ID=22290619

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/102,588 Expired - Fee Related US6053260A (en) 1998-06-23 1998-06-23 Flagger/marker/locator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US6053260A (en)

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6330503B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-12-11 Trimble Navigation Limited Global positioning system controlled staking apparatus
US6450388B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-09-17 Timothy Vann Denton Railroad tie plug gun
US6571885B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Survey flag positioning method and apparatus
US6723375B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2004-04-20 Merlin Technology, Inc. Portable locator including a ground marking arrangement
US6825793B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2004-11-30 Ensco, Inc. System and method for detecting and locating underground objects
US6954072B1 (en) 2002-08-22 2005-10-11 Seba Dynatronic Messund Ortungstechnik Gmbh Procedure and device for radiating and detecting the plurality of frequencies of electronic markers
US6999021B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2006-02-14 Ensco, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting, mapping and locating underground utilities
US7372247B1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2008-05-13 Tri-Site, Inc. Apparatus and method for locating and marking an underground utility
US20080245299A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 Dycom Identity, Llc Marking system and method
US20090202111A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-13 Steven Nielsen Electronic manifest of underground facility locate marks
US20090210098A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2009-08-20 Nielsen Steven E Marking apparatus and methods for creating an electronic record of marking apparatus operations
EP2135174A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2009-12-23 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking system and method with location and/or time tracking
US20100058983A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Michael Daugherty Methods, Systems, and Products for Marking Concealed Objects
US20100088164A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for analyzing locate and marking operations with respect to facilities maps
US20100085701A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations having security features and methods of using same
US20100086677A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of a marking operation based on marking device actuations
US20100188088A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying and processing facilities map information and/or other image information on a locate device
US20100188407A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying and processing facilities map information and/or other image information on a marking device
US20100189312A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic locate information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a locate device
US20100188215A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a marking device, based on comparing electronic marking information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US20100188216A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a locate device, based on comparing electronic locate information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US20100189887A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus having enhanced features for underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US20100198663A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-08-05 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic marking information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a marking device
US20100272885A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2010-10-28 SeekTech, Inc., a California corporation Marking Paint Applicator for Portable Locator
US20100276468A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Carrette Paul M Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US20110045175A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and marking devices with mechanisms for indicating and/or detecting marking material color
US7992754B1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-08-09 Flagshooter, LLC Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US20110197804A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-08-18 Flag Shooter, Llc Marker Apparatus
US20110210154A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-09-01 Flag Shooter, Llc Marker Installation Apparatus
US8136471B1 (en) 2009-05-04 2012-03-20 Flagshooter, LLC Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US20120110862A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Land Escaper Products LLC Marker installation tool
US8311765B2 (en) 2009-08-11 2012-11-13 Certusview Technologies, Llc Locating equipment communicatively coupled to or equipped with a mobile/portable device
US8424486B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2013-04-23 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marker detection mechanisms for use in marking devices and methods of using same
US8430272B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2013-04-30 Steven P. Porter Trigger mechanism for discharging aerosol containers
US8473209B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2013-06-25 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus and marking methods using marking dispenser with machine-readable ID mechanism
US8532341B2 (en) * 2008-02-12 2013-09-10 Certusview Technologies, Llc Electronically documenting locate operations for underground utilities
US8620572B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2013-12-31 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device with transmitter for triangulating location during locate operations
US8620616B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2013-12-31 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for assessing marking operations based on acceleration information
US20140048579A1 (en) * 2012-08-14 2014-02-20 Patrick Thompson Location marking device
US8965700B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2015-02-24 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of environmental landmarks based on marking device actuations
US10105723B1 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-10-23 SeeScan, Inc. Trackable dipole devices, methods, and systems for use with marking paint sticks
US11041719B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-06-22 Lynn A. Winter Directional utility location marker
WO2021146646A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 Ragbeer Ranji Field marking assembly and method of marking a surface

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894816A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-07-15 Wooster Brush Co Hand held paint sprayer
US4098360A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-07-04 Clements James M Soil sample core extraction tool
US4627563A (en) * 1985-08-20 1986-12-09 Meyer Dennis W Device for driving U-shaped anchors into the ground
US4706864A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-11-17 William M. Jacobsen Fastener implanting machine for ground erosion covers
US5010710A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-04-30 Foresight Industries, Inc. Ground rod driver
US5020605A (en) * 1989-10-19 1991-06-04 Product Research And Development Post driver and methodology
US5025969A (en) * 1987-05-11 1991-06-25 Koester William L Dual actuation staple insertion apparatus
US5495878A (en) * 1995-03-10 1996-03-05 R.E.M. Incorporated Hand held log splitter
US5501170A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-03-26 Walsh; Sylvia Grading stake with indicator flag
US5562168A (en) * 1989-07-27 1996-10-08 General And Railway Supplies Pty Ltd. Impact hammer and driving tool
US5592898A (en) * 1995-02-10 1997-01-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lane marker
US5671814A (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-09-30 Smith; Eric C. Flag insert tool
US5806453A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-09-15 Cook; Thomas E. Land anchor device
US5810408A (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-09-22 Armstrong; Jeffrey L. Ergonomically efficient tool
US5918565A (en) * 1997-09-17 1999-07-06 Casas; Jose G. Flag and paint marking device

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894816A (en) * 1973-08-22 1975-07-15 Wooster Brush Co Hand held paint sprayer
US4098360A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-07-04 Clements James M Soil sample core extraction tool
US4627563A (en) * 1985-08-20 1986-12-09 Meyer Dennis W Device for driving U-shaped anchors into the ground
US4706864A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-11-17 William M. Jacobsen Fastener implanting machine for ground erosion covers
US5025969A (en) * 1987-05-11 1991-06-25 Koester William L Dual actuation staple insertion apparatus
US5562168A (en) * 1989-07-27 1996-10-08 General And Railway Supplies Pty Ltd. Impact hammer and driving tool
US5020605A (en) * 1989-10-19 1991-06-04 Product Research And Development Post driver and methodology
US5010710A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-04-30 Foresight Industries, Inc. Ground rod driver
US5501170A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-03-26 Walsh; Sylvia Grading stake with indicator flag
US5592898A (en) * 1995-02-10 1997-01-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lane marker
US5495878A (en) * 1995-03-10 1996-03-05 R.E.M. Incorporated Hand held log splitter
US5671814A (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-09-30 Smith; Eric C. Flag insert tool
US5810408A (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-09-22 Armstrong; Jeffrey L. Ergonomically efficient tool
US5806453A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-09-15 Cook; Thomas E. Land anchor device
US5918565A (en) * 1997-09-17 1999-07-06 Casas; Jose G. Flag and paint marking device

Cited By (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6330503B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-12-11 Trimble Navigation Limited Global positioning system controlled staking apparatus
US6723375B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2004-04-20 Merlin Technology, Inc. Portable locator including a ground marking arrangement
US6450388B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-09-17 Timothy Vann Denton Railroad tie plug gun
US6571885B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Survey flag positioning method and apparatus
US6999021B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2006-02-14 Ensco, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting, mapping and locating underground utilities
US6825793B2 (en) 2002-03-01 2004-11-30 Ensco, Inc. System and method for detecting and locating underground objects
US6954072B1 (en) 2002-08-22 2005-10-11 Seba Dynatronic Messund Ortungstechnik Gmbh Procedure and device for radiating and detecting the plurality of frequencies of electronic markers
US7372247B1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2008-05-13 Tri-Site, Inc. Apparatus and method for locating and marking an underground utility
US11014734B1 (en) 2006-08-16 2021-05-25 SeeScan, Inc. Marking paint applicator apparatus
US20100272885A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2010-10-28 SeekTech, Inc., a California corporation Marking Paint Applicator for Portable Locator
US9085007B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2015-07-21 SeeScan, Inc. Marking paint applicator for portable locator
US10059504B2 (en) * 2006-08-16 2018-08-28 SeeScan, Inc. Marking paint applicator for use with portable utility locator
US10569951B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2020-02-25 SeeScan, Inc. Marking paint applicator for use with portable utility locator
US8473209B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2013-06-25 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus and marking methods using marking dispenser with machine-readable ID mechanism
US8401791B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2013-03-19 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods for evaluating operation of marking apparatus
EP2135174A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2009-12-23 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking system and method with location and/or time tracking
US20090210098A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2009-08-20 Nielsen Steven E Marking apparatus and methods for creating an electronic record of marking apparatus operations
EP2135174A4 (en) * 2007-03-13 2011-03-30 Certusview Technologies Llc Marking system and method with location and/or time tracking
US9086277B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2015-07-21 Certusview Technologies, Llc Electronically controlled marking apparatus and methods
US8407001B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2013-03-26 Certusview Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for using location data to electronically display dispensing of markers by a marking system or marking tool
US8903643B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-12-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Hand-held marking apparatus with location tracking system and methods for logging geographic location of same
US8775077B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-07-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for using location data to electronically display dispensing of markers by a marking system or marking tool
US8700325B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-04-15 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus and methods for creating an electronic record of marking operations
US8478523B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2013-07-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus and methods for creating an electronic record of marking apparatus operations
US8386178B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2013-02-26 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking system and method
US20090013928A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2009-01-15 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking system and method
US20080245299A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 Dycom Identity, Llc Marking system and method
US8374789B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2013-02-12 Certusview Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for using marking information to electronically display dispensing of markers by a marking system or marking tool
US8060304B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2011-11-15 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking system and method
US8532341B2 (en) * 2008-02-12 2013-09-10 Certusview Technologies, Llc Electronically documenting locate operations for underground utilities
US8416995B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2013-04-09 Certusview Technologies, Llc Electronic manifest of underground facility locate marks
US20090202111A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-13 Steven Nielsen Electronic manifest of underground facility locate marks
US8424486B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2013-04-23 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marker detection mechanisms for use in marking devices and methods of using same
US9004004B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2015-04-14 Certusview Technologies, Llc Optical sensing methods and apparatus for detecting a color of a marking substance
US20100058983A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Michael Daugherty Methods, Systems, and Products for Marking Concealed Objects
US8118192B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2012-02-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L. P. Methods, systems, and products for marking concealed objects
US20100188216A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a locate device, based on comparing electronic locate information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US8612148B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-12-17 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus configured to detect out-of-tolerance conditions in connection with underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US8280631B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2012-10-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of a marking operation based on marking device actuations
US20100088164A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for analyzing locate and marking operations with respect to facilities maps
US8361543B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-01-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying an electronic rendering of a marking operation based on an electronic record of marking information
US20100085701A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations having security features and methods of using same
US20100084532A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations having mechanical docking and methods of using same
US9542863B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2017-01-10 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating output data streams relating to underground utility marking operations
US9208458B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2015-12-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for analyzing locate and marking operations with respect to facilities maps
US9177403B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2015-11-03 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic marking information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a marking device
US20100086677A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of a marking operation based on marking device actuations
US20100085694A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations and methods of using same
US8442766B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-05-14 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus having enhanced features for underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US8457893B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-06-04 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of a marking operation including service-related information and/or ticket information
US8467969B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-06-18 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus having operational sensors for underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US20100188088A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying and processing facilities map information and/or other image information on a locate device
US20130162431A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-06-27 Steven Nielsen Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a locate device, based on comparing electronic locate information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US8478617B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-07-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a locate device, based on comparing electronic locate information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US20100198663A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-08-05 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic marking information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a marking device
US8478524B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-07-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for dispensing marking material in connection with underground facility marking operations based on environmental information and/or operational information
US8478525B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-07-02 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods, apparatus, and systems for analyzing use of a marking device by a technician to perform an underground facility marking operation
US8510141B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-08-13 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a marking device, based on comparing electronic marking information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US8527308B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-09-03 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic locate information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a locate device
US20100189887A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus having enhanced features for underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US8577707B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-11-05 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic locate information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a locate device
US8583264B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-11-12 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations and methods of using same
US8589201B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-11-19 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a locate device, based on comparing electronic locate information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US8589202B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2013-11-19 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying and processing facilities map information and/or other image information on a marking device
US8600526B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2013-12-03 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations having mechanical docking and methods of using same
US8965700B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2015-02-24 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating an electronic record of environmental landmarks based on marking device actuations
US20100188407A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for displaying and processing facilities map information and/or other image information on a marking device
US20100189312A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for overlaying electronic locate information on facilities map information and/or other image information displayed on a locate device
US8644965B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2014-02-04 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device docking stations having security features and methods of using same
US8770140B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2014-07-08 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus having environmental sensors and operations sensors for underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US8731830B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2014-05-20 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking apparatus for receiving environmental information regarding underground facility marking operations, and associated methods and systems
US20100188215A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-07-29 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for generating alerts on a marking device, based on comparing electronic marking information to facilities map information and/or other image information
US20110197804A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-08-18 Flag Shooter, Llc Marker Apparatus
US20110210154A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-09-01 Flag Shooter, Llc Marker Installation Apparatus
US8656857B2 (en) 2009-05-04 2014-02-25 Flagshooter Holdings, Llc Marker installation apparatus
US20100276468A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Carrette Paul M Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US8065856B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-11-29 Flagshooter, LLC Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US7992754B1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2011-08-09 Flagshooter, LLC Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US8136471B1 (en) 2009-05-04 2012-03-20 Flagshooter, LLC Marker system with marker and installation apparatus
US8311765B2 (en) 2009-08-11 2012-11-13 Certusview Technologies, Llc Locating equipment communicatively coupled to or equipped with a mobile/portable device
US9097522B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2015-08-04 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and marking devices with mechanisms for indicating and/or detecting marking material color
US8620572B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2013-12-31 Certusview Technologies, Llc Marking device with transmitter for triangulating location during locate operations
US20110045175A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and marking devices with mechanisms for indicating and/or detecting marking material color
US8620616B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2013-12-31 Certusview Technologies, Llc Methods and apparatus for assessing marking operations based on acceleration information
US8430272B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2013-04-30 Steven P. Porter Trigger mechanism for discharging aerosol containers
US20120110862A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Land Escaper Products LLC Marker installation tool
US20140048579A1 (en) * 2012-08-14 2014-02-20 Patrick Thompson Location marking device
US10105723B1 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-10-23 SeeScan, Inc. Trackable dipole devices, methods, and systems for use with marking paint sticks
US11904335B1 (en) 2016-06-14 2024-02-20 SeeScan, Inc. Trackable dipole devices, methods, and systems for use with marking paint sticks
US11117150B1 (en) 2016-06-14 2021-09-14 SeeScan, Inc. Trackable dipole devices, methods, and systems for use with marking paint sticks
US11041719B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-06-22 Lynn A. Winter Directional utility location marker
WO2021146646A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 Ragbeer Ranji Field marking assembly and method of marking a surface
US20230133642A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2023-05-04 Ranji Ragbeer Sports field marking assembly and method of marking a surface
US11879724B2 (en) * 2020-01-15 2024-01-23 Ranji Ragbeer Sports field marking assembly and method of marking a surface

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6053260A (en) Flagger/marker/locator
US10569951B2 (en) Marking paint applicator for use with portable utility locator
US3485206A (en) Marking device
US6723375B2 (en) Portable locator including a ground marking arrangement
US5727484A (en) Soil penetrating applicator and method
US7040510B1 (en) Extension arm for trigger pump spray containers
CA1337895C (en) Power-driven tagging applicator
US6004229A (en) Multi-purpose golf tool and method
US4949961A (en) Golf ball setter
US4707921A (en) Extension handle for a handheld electrically powered tool
US6412667B1 (en) Glue dispensing gun
US7686277B2 (en) Tool support apparatus
US5503445A (en) Foot-operated appliance for a digging tool and method of use
US4858925A (en) Golf club combined with ball position marker
US3360807A (en) Golfing accessory
US5769279A (en) Aerosol container discharging apparatus with flag staking capability
US4180289A (en) Gardening tool
US4049236A (en) Tool for removing staples
US6729437B1 (en) Tree step tool and method
US3680641A (en) Weed spud
US5687909A (en) Apparatus for securing a lawn sprinkler
US4400029A (en) Device for removing weeds
US6571885B2 (en) Survey flag positioning method and apparatus
US7299719B1 (en) Shovel plow apparatus
US6647628B1 (en) Tuft-parting carpet cutters

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
CC Certificate of correction
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20080425