US596183A

US596183A - Steam-boiler

Info

Publication number: US596183A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1897-12-28
Anticipated expiration: 1914-12-28

Description

a Sheefis Sheet 1.

(No-Model.)

E. H. RIEKEN.

vSTEAM BOILER.

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' QShetQ-Sheei 2.

(-No Model.)

13.11. RIEKEN.-

I STEAM BOILER. No. 596,183. Patented Deo. 28,1897.

5 mines-sea W 9% WM m: nunms Farms wnofunwmwsmmwmm a ERNEST HENRY RIEKEN, OF N E /V ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,183, dated December 28, 1897.

Application filed August 1896- To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that LERNEsT HENRY RIEKEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented a new and useful Steam-Boiler, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steam-boilers which consist of clusters of tubes in connection with cylindrical drums containing steam and water and similar drums for collecting the impurities contained in feed-water, tubes containing water being exposed at their outer surfaces to the hot gases from the furnace.

The object of my invention is to construct a boiler having its tubes so arranged as to expose them to the furnace heat in a most efficacious position, as well as for the circulation of water and steam within; also making the tubes more easily accessible for purposes of cleaning and repair, with a limited number of removable hand-hole plates and joints, and to construct the boiler in general so as to divide it into sections, a deficiency in any one of which not involving any great danger from destructive explosions; also, to construct a furnace to be used in connection with the boiler and depending for its efficiency principally upon the proportions and general design that the peculiar construction of the boiler admits, such as will promote the more economical consumption of fuel, thus increasing the efficiency of the construction as a whole. I attain these objects by the construction shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is an end View of the boiler and furnace, one of the furnace ends being removed. Fig. 2 is a plan exclusive of casing. Fig. 3 is a plan of a set of lower drums such as are used on each side of the boiler. Fig. 4 is a section through the arrangement of the boiler-tubes on the line E. Fig. 5 is a section on the line F. Fig. 6 is a section on the line 11. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the boiler and furnace-casing with one of the sides of the casing removed. Fig. 8 is an end View of the furnace and boiler-casing. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the part shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the header on the line X X. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section of same. Fig. 12 is a top View of header. Fig.

Serial no. 602,182. (No model.)

13 is an end view of a row of tubes connected into the header. Fig. 14 is an elevation of same.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the different views.

The design and construction of my boiler are as follows:

The tubes a and b, Figs. 7, 12, 13, and 14, constitute the greater portion of the boiler and are so formed as to enter the headers in a straight row at one end and to enter the lower drums c at the other end in a staggered or zigzag order, the lower ends being curved in order to enter the drums c in radial lines converging toward the axes of the drums c. A relatively short distance below their upper ends the tubes are offset or crimped, part of the tubes being offset to one side'and part of the tubes being offset to the other side, this offsetting only being sufiicient to cause the successive rows of tubes to assume the staggered or zigzag order aforementioned below the place where they cross the rows of tubes coming from the opposite side of the boiler. This offset in each tube only amounts to that much as will not prevent the introduction of a perfectly straight rod into any of the tubes for purposes of cleaning, only being limited by the curve at the lower end of the tubes, this curved portion being accessible from the interior of the lower drums 0.

The drawings show four separate muddrums in each set on sides of boiler, but the number of drums and the diameter thereof is immaterial, provided they are sufiiciently large to admit the necessary tools through the holes in the outer end and provide sufficient working room for their manipulation in attaching or removing boiler-tubes. When boiler-tubes of small diameter are employed, the drums will each receive a greater number of tubes than if the diameter of tubes is large. The object is to allowaccess to the tubes without the necessity of hand-holes opposite each tube in the lower drums. v

Fig. t shows the tubes in successive straight rows as they are arranged above the crossing with the tubes coming from the opposite side; also, the spaces for the passage of gases from the furnace.

Fig. 5 shows the tubes in straight rows at the place where they cross each other; also,

the spaces for the passage of gases from the furnace.

Fig. 6 shows the tubes in staggered or zig zag rows which order all successive rows are made to assume below the place where the opposite rows cross them, showing the spaces for the passage and circulation of gases from the furnace.

Every successive row of tubes on each side is connected with the upper steam and water drum e by means of short curved tubes 2:, fixed at one end into the headers and at the other end into the drum e and being accessible from the inside of said drum, also from the end of header, by removing the hand-hole covcrj in one end of the header.

The lower drums c are placed in rows on each side of the boiler for the reception of the lower tube enc s and are connected with each other by the short tubes (Z, Figs. 3 and (J. A manhole on the outer ends of these drums gives access to their interior for the purposes of expanding the tubes and cleaning their lower ends. The end drums on each side are connected with the upper drum e by the pipes or downtakes f, these being of suiiicient diameter to insure perfect circulation of the water and steam within the boiler. The upper drum e is made to project sufficiently over the casing ends, so as to allow the downtalces to enter it radially. Openin are provided in the drums c or in the downtakes for the injection of the feed-water to the boiler. The downtakes are passed through the smokeflues at end of easing, or should it be necessary to provide a smoke stack and fines at both ends of the easiu g the downtakes at the other end will be passed through the fines likewise. The downtakes thus absorb considerable heat from the waste gases passing to the stacks. As the inner ends of the lower drums are inclined downward the solid impurities contained in the feedavater will naturally deposit at that place. The pipe h, connected with the lower ends of the drums 0, serves to withdraw and expel the impurities mentioned above. The entire boiler when in operation is kept filled to the center of the upper drum 0.

The boiler, exclusive of casing :10, is supported on the chairs 7.2, Fig. 1, having their upper seats concaved for the reception of the drums c and their lower seats curved convex, so as to admit of their rocking, as each row of tubes expands or contracts unequally, the anchor-pins l loosely entering an opening in the lower seats, serving to keep the chairs from shifting their position.

The manifold headerillustrated by Figs. 10, 11, and 12 consists, collectively, of the pipe or cylinder 71, the outersaddle-piece 0 to receive the boiler-tubes (L I), and the inner saddle-piece 19, forming seats for the hand-hole plates (1, placed opposite the ends of the tubes. Both saddles o and p are riveted to the pipe at, the saddles being of such a section at one place as to provide perfect joints for tubes and hand-hole covers. The cross-section, Fig. 10,

shows both saddles riveted to pipe and illustrates the section of saddles. The handhole cover consists of a circular disk (1 of slightly larger diameter than the hand-hole, thereby permitting of a tight joint being made when it is clamped in position on inside of header, the bolt 0' being screwed into the disk q. An elliptical hand-hole is provided at one end of the header in order to allow its own cover and the covers q to be passed to inside of header, the clamps 5' being placed on the outside, as shown. The pipe'n is closed at both ends by dished heads riveted thereto, onchead being provided with the hand hole before mentioned, the other head being provided with a tube 2', which establishes the connection of header with steanrdrum.

The tube-holes an d hand-holes in the header are made of largerdiameter than the outside of the boiler-tubes, so as to admit of the tubes being drawn through the header in the same longitudinal direction, where the tubes are offset and also to allow the curved ends to pass through the holes. The difference in diameter of the tubes and tube-holes is lilled by ferrules t, Fig. 10, which encircle the upper tube ends.

The furnace consists, essentially, of the grate w, the refractory lining m at the inner ends of the drums c, and the refractory lining U o, resting on. the outside of the tubes and extending from one end of the furnace to the other end and tapering upward to a contracted aperture, which is partially filled by the boilewtubes. On each side of the refractory lining e o and at some distance from it is placed the refractory lining w w, attached to the metal casing 00, the space between them serving as a jacket, also constituting the llues for the discharge of the waste gases to the stack. The ends of the. casing 03, forming the ends of the furnace, are likewise provided with a refractory lining, as shown in Fig. 7. The upper part of the casin g is formed so as to inclosc the upper tube ends and headers and is then brought up against the bottom of the upper drum. The doors y give access to the upper tube ends and headers for the purposes of cleaning and replacing of tubes. The construction of this furnace admits of the application of the principle of radiation of heat to the boiler-tubes, the result being a better and more thorough combustion of fuel and a better absorption of heat than is practicable where the convection of heat from gases circulating across or along the tubes is relied upon. The latter principle permits of the speedy escape of only partially consumed and utilized gases. In the former application the gases are retarded and being contained in a heated chamber are more effectively ignited and consumed, this resulting in a more intense furnace heat. As the combustion-chamber is almost entirely formed by the boiler-tubes, there is no space for the dissipation of the furnace heat. The sides of the furnace tapering upward and being sufliciently wide at the bottom to provide suflicient grate area and sufficiently wide at the top to provide proper flue area for the discharge of the waste furnace-gases it will be apparent that the consequence will be a more thorough utilization of the caloric potential of the fuel supplied to the furnace than is possible without this construction.

Having thus described the construction, I herewith enumerate what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, as follows:

1. The combination in a steam-boiler of tubes arranged in rows, each row of tubes being connected at the upper end with a separate manifold header, each of said headers having connection by a tube with a cylindrical steam and water drum situated upward of headers; axes of headers extending at right angles to center line of steam drum and boiler, headers being respectively situated at both sides of center line of boiler; lower ends of tubes being connected with separate cylindrical mud and water drums, the number of tubes entering each drum being determined by relative diameters of said drums and tubes, tubes being suitably curved at their lower ends for entering drums radially, longitudinal axes of said mud-drums being parallel with axes of headers, said mud-drums being arranged in sets on each side of grate, drums in each set having connection with each other by pipes and with steam-drums by suitable downtake-pipes; the successive rows of tubes on each side of boiler forming collectively two clusters of tubes, both clusters of tubes being inclined to and passing from opposite sides through the perpendicular plane parallel to and including the axial line of steam-drum; all successive rows of tubes on each side of and inclined toward said perpendicular plane being parallel, the several rows of tubes being alternately parallel and successively crossing each other: substantially as described.

2. The combination in a steam-boiler of tubes arranged in rows, the successive rows of tubes on each side of boiler forming collectively two clusters of tubes, both clusters of tubes being inclined to and passing from opposite sides through the perpendicular plane parallel to and including the axial line of steam-drum, all successive rows of tubes on each side of boiler being parallel, the several rows of tubes being alternately parallel and successively crossing each other; each row of tubes following a straight line at and above place of said crossing with adjacent rows of tubes, tubes composing each row being offset or crimped below the place of said crossing, tubes being alternatelyoftset to either side of central plane of each row of tubes, tubes in each row assuming a staggered or zigzag order below the place of crossing in contradistinction to straight-row arrangement at and above crossing; upper end of each row of tubes being connected with a separate manifold header, each of said headers having connection by a tube with an upper steam and water drum situated upward of headers, axes of headers extending at right angles to center line of steam drum and boiler, headers being respectively situated at both sides of boiler; lower ends of tubes being connected with separate cylindrical mud and water drums, the number of tubes entering each drum being determined by relative diameters of said drums and tubes, tubes being suitably curved. at their lower ends to enter drums radially, longitudinalaxes of said drums being parallel with axes of headers at upper ends of tubes, drums being arranged in sets on each side of grate, drums in each set having connection with each other by pipes and with steam-drum by suitable downtake-pipes; substantially as described.

3. In a steam-boiler the combination of cylindrical mud and water drums, said drums being arranged in sets, one set of drums being placed on each side of grate, axes of said drums being parallel with axes of headers at upper ends of tubes, drums in each set being connected together by suitable pipes, each set of drums having an independent connection at each end with upper steam and water drum by suitable downtake-pipes m ud-drums being provided at their upper surfacewith tube-holes each set of drums having connection at their lower sides with a suitable blowoff or cleaning pipe; each individual drum being provided at its outer end with manhole and cover: substantially as described.

4. In a steam-boiler the combination of tubes arranged in rows, the several rows of tubes being alternately parallel, and successively crossing-each other, upper end of each row of tubes being connected witha separate manifold header, said header having connection at one end by a tube with steam-drum, other end of header being provided with hand hole and cover; header being formed of arelatively large tube, heads being fastened into ends; saddles being attached to exterior of said tubes, boiler-tubes being connected at holes in said saddles; saddles being attached to interior of tubes directly opposite the tubeholes, said interior saddles being provided with hand-holes of larger diameter than tubeholes; covers with bolts and clamps being provid ed for closing hand-holes; substantially as described.

5. In a steam-boiler the combination of cylindrical mud and water drums arranged in sets on each side of grate, and being inclined toward same; axes of drums being placed lateral to central plane of steam drum and boiler, drums in each set being suitably connected, each set of drums having connection with steam-drums by suitable downtake-pipes; boiler-tubes having connection at upper ends with headers, said headers having connection with steam-drum, boiler-tubes being connected at their lower ends with set of mud-drums placed on side opposite their upper connection with headers; with the rocking chairs having their upper rests concaved to attach to mud-drums, lower rests being crowned, ridge of crown extending at right angles to axis of 1nuddrun1s; said rocking chairs restin g on level bases and being anchored thereto by pins or bolts: substantially as described.

6. In a steam-boiler the combination of tubes arranged in clusters on each side of grate; said clusters beinginclined to and passing from opposite sides through a perpendicular plane parallel to and including the axial line of steain-drum, tubes having suitable connection at their upper ends with said steamdruin, tubes having connection at their lower ends with suitable mud-drums; with a furnace and easing consisting essentially of an external box of suitable metal, said box being designed to form a smoke passage or fine at each side of boiler below the upper endsof boiler-tubes, each passage having connection at one end of casing with a smoke-stack by means of suitable breeching; provision being made in smoke-fines for the passage through of downtake-pipes of boiler; refractory linings being provided in smoke-flue and breeching; refractory side walls converging upward being provided adjacent to outer boiler-tubes said walls extending upward along a portion of the length of said tubes, said side walls extending completely along the length of said furnace; suitable refractory linings being provided at ends of furnace; suitable refractory shields being provided at inner ends of muddrums; doors being provided in upper part of easing allowing access to upper tube ends; suitable fire and ash-pit doors beingprovided at ends of furnace: substantially as described.

ERNEST HENRY RIEKEN. Witnesses:

J. M. CROWLEY, W. J. 'lHILBoRGER.