US59296A - Improved rudder - Google Patents

Description

00,60 ooooo nooo 550000 N PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. C

MAXIMILIAN VVAPPICH', OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA.

IMPRovi-:D RUDDER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 59,296, dated October 30, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, MAXIMILIAN WArrIcI-I, of Sacramento city, in the county vof Sacramento and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rudders for Steering Ships and other Vessels;

and I do hereby declare the followingto be a clear, full, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, and in which- Figure l represents 'a side elevation of a balance-rudder constructed on my improved. plan; Fig. 2, a horizontal section of the same 5 Fig. 3, a side elevation of a modied rudder embracing my invention; Fig. 4, a top view of the same.; Fig. 5, a side elevation of a rudder made of round bars or tubes; Fig. 6, a section of the same; Fig. 7 a section ofa rudder made of straight-sided beams or bars on my improved plan.

My invention consists in providing the body of the rudder-blade with lateral slits or openings to allow a partial efdux of the water through these openings, so as to 'prevent too much backing of the water, and to cause the comparative vacuum on the aft side ot' the rudder to till with increased rapidity, whereby the pressure ot' the water on the forward and aft sides of the rudder-blade becomes more evenly balanced, so that the strain on the piutles is lessened, and the turning and handling` of the rudder in. steering a vessel greatly facilitated.

My invention further consists in forming a rudder of tubes or rounded bars, framed and braced together by top and bottom braces. Thus I obtain a most efficient rudder ot a coinpact, stron g, and durable construction, and which presents an effective'resisting-surface to the course ofthe vessel, equal to that ofcommon rudders of a much larger size and weight; and, lastly, my invention consists in 'providing the step and shoe and the piutles and braces of a rudder with concentric grooves and rings to obtain an increased lateral bearing-surface, in order to diminish in a measure the abradin g of the bearingsurface of the step and piutles.

Toenalole others skilled in the art to make, construct, and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe it in detail.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. l represents a metallic balance-mulder. A is the rudder-stem,and B the rudder-blade. a are slots through the rudder-blade; g d is the rudderhead journal, and e the improved step of the rudder. y

In Figs. 5 and 6 the rudder is constructed of tubes x, or rounded bars y, which may be arranged either close together or a small space left open between them, as shown at a, to allow a ypartial efiux ot the water therethrough. The tubes or rounded bars are to be properly braced and secured in a frame, D.

A rudder constructed on this plan combines the advantages of lightness, strength, and durability, while at the same time its steering efticiency is much superior not only over smoothsurface rudders, but also over corrugated rudders, as the tubes or round bars present much more efcient angles to the course of the vessel,and the curved surfaces insure also a more smooth and even action on the rudder being sharply and briskly turned in steering.

The tubes :v and rounded bars y,when so arranged as to leave narrow openings between them, are not exposed to the backing of the wateras a partial efflux is allowed through such openings. Aside of this, the arrangement ot' the slits or openings a presents the further advantage, that the comparative vacuum on the aft side ofthe rudder-blade in steering is lled up with increased rapidity, and as thereby the pressure ot' the water on the forward and aft sides of the rudder-blade is more equally balanced,the step and piutles are considerably relieved of straining, and the turning and handling of the rudder are greatly facilitated. made ot' any suitable shape, their number and arrangement depending ofthe size, forni, and construction of the blade of the rudder. Figs. 1,2, 5, 6, and 7 illustrate how this improvement of providing the rudder-blade with slots or openings may be successfully applied to various kinds otl rudders.

In Fig. l the head of the rudder is provided with a series of grooves, `(/,and a series of rings, cl, one above the other, by means of which the rudder' is securely mounted in a journab box having a series of corresponding rings and grooves, and which journal-box is to be secured to the deck of the vessel in any suitable manner. Thus a very simple and strong mountin gof the rudder-head is obtained, which pivots These slits or openings a may be the rudder truly and steadily supports its weight.

In practice it has been found a very objectionable feature of all rudders having their main support in the step, the rapid abrading of the step and shoe. This might be obviated by increasing the bearing-surface of the stem 5 but such an increase of surface would render the turning` of the rudder very unwieldy. In order that the rudder should turn readily, its stem, which rests on the shoe, ought not to present a too large bearing-surface. In my rudder the step is provided with a circular groove, c, on its bottom surface, for the reception ot a pin-like projection, rl, formed for this purpose in the center of the box r2 of the shoe r. Instead of havin g but one concentric groove in the bottom ot' the step, a series of circular grooves may be formed, which are made to tit in corresponding projections in the box ofthe shoe. I also apply this improvement to the pintles, as shown in Fig. 3. The pintle s has a circular groove, s,turned out at its lower end, which is made to fit in a corresponding pin, t, formed for its reception in the box of the brace t. The ring s2 of the pintle tits into the vgroove t2 of the brace; and t3 represents the outer ring, l

which surrounds the groove t?.

In order to be fully and clearly understood, I would state that the gist of the last-described improvement consists in` providing the step and shoe and the pintles and braces with cor responding circular grooves and rings to increase the lateral bearing-surface.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Providing the rudder-blade with slots forming openings through the entire body ot' the rudder, in such a manner as to allow apartial eftiux through said openings, and thereby prevent the backing of the water, at the same time that the comparative vacuum on the aft side of the rudder-blade in steering is being filled with increased rn1 idity,i`or the purpose of more evenly balancing the pressure oi' the water on the forward and at't sides ot' the rud der, so as to reduce the strain on the pintles and facilitate the turning and handling ofthe rudder in steering a vessel.

2. Constructing a rudder of tubes or rounded bars, firmly braced and framed, substantially as specied, for the purpose of obtaining with a small rudder-blade a great effective steering action, and with a reduction ot' weight of material an increased strength of rudder.

3. Providing the rudder-step and shoe and the pint-les and braces, or their equivalents, with concentric grooves and rings, substan tially as and for the purpose set forth.

MAXIMILIAN WVAPPICII.

Witnesses J onN S. IIoLLiNGsHn/in, A. PoHLEns.

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