US591869A - Electric transformer - Google Patents

Description

2 Smets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

W. s. MOODY. ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER.

Patented Oct. .19, 1897,

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

l S. MOODY'.

ELECTRIC TRANsFoRMER.

190.591,869. Pmentfedoet. 19, 1897;

MTNESEES- 2y/MM,

AUNITED Simfree4 A'rjENr seien.

NVALTER S. MOODY, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, SSIGNOR TO THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NEV YORK.

ELECTRIC TRANSFRM ER.

SPECIFICATION forming partei Letters Patent No. 591,889; dated October 19, 1897. 'y

pplioation filed Mey 20,1897.

To all whom it may concern.-

B'e it known that I, WALTER S. MOODY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn,

in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts,

have invented certain'nevsr and useful' Improvements in Transformers, (Case No. 437,)

of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to transform- *ers specially intended for very high voltages,

as twenty thousand to thirty thousand-volts, for example, and has for one of its objects t0.

so arrange the energizing-coils that they are!" well insulated from the surrounding core and from each other, at the same time providingsuitable'means for ventilation. f ,n

The invention also has for its'object to pro-l vide a transformer having two complete and separately-controlled systems of cooling, one being for the coils and the other for the laminated core.

. In the accompanying drawings, attached to and made apart of this specification, Figurel base, which support the laminee D, which arel insulated from the base by pieces of wood A'. Extending laterally within the base a conmention-board A2, forming a support the secondary terminals C'. The base is provided with an openfbottom chamber R, through which a current oflair or other insulating medium entersA the transformer-casing, as herein described. On the right and at the upperend of the chamber R is a passage E, cmmunieatin g with the chamber E. To vary the opening in the passage, a regulator Fis provided which consists of a rectangular cast-- ing having a number of openings and transverse gates.V This castingis adapted to be moved backward' and forward over a similar construction onthe base.

The laminee are divided into sections, and

- the sections separated from each other by space blocks, which are so arranged that Ventilating-spaces G are left betweenv the sec-` in the core. A ber II is perforatedv so that air or other insu- Serlal No. 637,363. (No model.)

tions. These Ventilating-spaces extend parallel to the laminas and communicate with' chambers Il and E', butare entirely separate from the Ventilating-spaces between the coils, as will be hereinafter explained. The chami bers E' and II are formed by sheet-iron covers hand Z, which extend from the base A to the 'Y top J.. y The chamber E is separated from the chamber Il by pieces of non-magnetic material m and n, situated at opposite ends of the transformer, so that the two chambers communicate only through the Ventilating-spaces The casing which forms chamlating medium received from the chamber E'through thel spaces G will pass to the out- Owing tothe large size of the transformer,

ithas been, found desirable to divide the .laminas into two bodies which are separated Each of these bodies is built up separately around the coils v bya slight space, Fig. 2.

which vformthe primary and secondary.

To secure the laminas together, a cast-metal Atop J is provided, having inwardly-projecting p iianges which are insulated from the laminas by blocks of wood J'. To clamp the top to the base, two vertically-extending bolts J2 are employed, one on each side of the core.

ated on the outside, so that they are readily accessible. B y this arrangement they may be Y The nuts employed to secure the top` are situ- Mounted on the top is al removable coverK,

which is provided with a series of openings K and a slide K2, adapted tovary the extent of the openin gs by moving back and forth lilre a stove-damper- This regulates the amount of air that passes through the air-chambers between the coils.

In transformers intended for very. highv 4voltage, a large amount of insulation -is required between the primary and secondar? coils, and where this insulation is applied` directly to the coils it-is very diliicult to keep `the temperature of the transformer down to a proper degree, owing to the slowness Alith which heat can be absorbed from the coils through the insulation. To overcome ,this objection, I form the coils intoany dnfiircd IOO insulate the turn n additional insiil cn a when iliesired, directly to a complete e i. will be relatively small compared with what would necessary to forni a safe insulation between the primary and secondary coils` orletween the primary coils and the .and wifi not vent the absorption of lient to any considerable extent. The coils arc now mounted in a suitable casing il, extending from the top lengthwise into the chamber at the bottoni of the transformer and cutting oil? the coils with their system of .'cntilation from the chambers E and il and the cure system ventilation. n

The primary and secondary windings are subdivided into a number of coils which are distributed in anydesired manner. This is best shown in Fig. l, where there is nret a secondary coil S, likewise in two sections, then another similar primary coil, and lastly a secondary coil. These windings as a whole are separated from the core by the casing I of leatherod or fiber, as described. f The primary Vcoils are insulated from the secondary coils and cascina novel manner stru ctlons.

designed to afford Ventilating-spaces between the coils and the bulk of the insulation, and preventing heating of the coilsv to a/yery rnc.'- t`erial extent as compared with preyious con This is best shown in Fig. 3, to which reference is now made.

. The primary coils P consist of a number of.4 turns of tlat wire or ribbon with suitable insulation between the turns. Asmall amount ofinsulation ais placed between the two sections which form onecoil, and the two sections are then givena covering b of tape to hold them together. At the edges of the coils isinsulation N, consisting of U-shaped pieces of leatheroid. Outside of this is placed a singie layer of insulation c with its ends overlapping, and the Whole bound together by a band of tape (l. The insulation c is separated from theicoils by a block of Wood g, and a similar block is placed between the coils. Situated on both sides of the-primary coils are secondary coilsS. These are similar in construction to the primary coils. These coils are insulated at their edges by U -shaped pieces of insulation e, and between this insulation and the inclosing ,case of the primary is a strip f. A block of wood g is placed be tween the coil and the primary case to--hold them in position. It will be seen4 that the, leatheroid c andthe tape (Z serve as' a partition between the passages O and Q. The insulation thus applied forms a sort of open work structure having a number of channels or air-passages, preferably closed or substantially closed from one another, and open top `and bottom to allow a free circulation of air e rent windings and between foils and insulation. The insulation formthe Walls oi these channels preferably exboth ends of the coils, so as to present an. extended cieeping-siii'face over which current innst pass before it can reach the secondary winding. .There being no es' peciali reason for econoinizing space at the ends of transformer, the casings can be extended to a point where the insulation will be as high, or elven higher, iban that at any other point between the primary and secondary windings.

The inclo ing case 'il consists of sliectsol insnlatlngnia yl 72.., and surrounding it is a layer of tape i.. This completely insnlates the coils from 'the core. tirer other insulating duid, upon ez'rtering the chamber in the base, passes upward through Athe passages between the coils in a inert-ical direction, and arnonntis regulated by the damper located in the coi/er l. .llt the saine time a`portion of the air or other insulating medium passes np throngli the damper E into chamber E' and passes through the passages G to the chamber lli and to the outside of the case in a direction transverse to that which flows upward through the coils.

It will be seen that there are two separate Ventilating systems for cooling the transformer, one for the coils, the other for the iron, and that each of them is controlled in- -dependently of the other.

What l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

L In a transformer, the combination of -a core, primary and secondary windings and insulation for. insulating the primary from the secondary winding, not applicd'to said windings direct or either of4 them, but separated. from the windings and oped in the windings, as set forth.

2. In a transformer, a primary or'high-po tentiail winding surrounded bya heavyv insuwinding` permitting`- a more ready labsorption of the heat devellation which is separated from the winding 'by an air space or spaces, said insulationserving to insulate the ary winding.

3. In a transformer, a .primary or high-po# tential windingf subdivided into sections slightly separated from one another, and au insiilating-casing surrounding said winding and separated therefrom by an air spacemr spaces, said casing serving to insulate the primary from the secondary winding, as set forth.-

4. In a transformer, the combination of pri- -mary and secondary windings with passages extending between the windingsfor the cirprimary from the secondculation of a cooling medium, :mda laminated y iron core .with asccond set of passagcs,tlirough .which circulates an insulating cooling nie'- dium, said sets-of passages form ing indopendent cooling .and Ventilating systems, one for the coils and one for the core.

5. In a transformer, the combination of pri` mary and secondary windings, a laminated iron core, passages extending between the windings through' which an insulating medium'circulates to cool the windings, a seeond set of passages extending through the iron core independent of the first, in which an'insulating mcdiumcireulates to coolthe iron, and means for regulating the circulation through both sets of passages.

6. l'natransformer, the combination of primary and secondary windings, a laminated core, means for maintaining an up-and-down circulation of air through the coils, and means for maintaining a transverse circulation, of air through Vthe iron core, both circulations being independent,

7. In atransformer, the'combination of pri-` mary and secondary windings separated by air-passages, a laminated core divided into sections, 'and air-passages independent of those'between the windings formed between the sections, a common sourcerof air-supply, and means for regulating the flew of air through each set of assages independently.

S. In a transformer, the combination of primary and secondary windings, divided into a number of coils, a laminated 'iron core, an

insulating-ease surrounding one or more of the coils and provided with open ends at the top and bottom, and spaces between the coils for the free circulation ofan insulating medium. v v

9. In a high-potential transformer, the comn binatien of an insulating-casing surrounding the primary `and secondary windings, with vertically-extending air-spaces 'between the coils and the case, an insulating-ease mounted within the rst and surrounding one of the windings, and air-spaces between the lastmentio'n'ed winding and its surrounding case, the two sets of air-spaces being independent.

10. )In a high f potential transformer, the

primary and secondary windwirew lich are sufficiently insulated to prevent leakage between adjacent turns, but not enough to insulate them the other winding, a body of insulating mafrom the core 'and' terial located between the. windings, and spaces formed between the windings and the insulation for insulating the coil and permit-A ting the circulation ofan insulating'and cooling or leakage surface, air-passages between the primary coils and-the casings,anda common chamber supplyingair for both sets of passages.l f

12.A In a transformer, the combination of primary and secondary windings separated by airfpassages, a laminated' ir'on core divided into sections,` a set of airpassages' between the sections and independent of the first, an lair-chamber in the tbase supplying air to the passages between the windings, and a chamber located on one side of the laminas and connecting with the chamber in the base for supplying air to the core-sections.4

13. In a transformer, the combination-of passages between the primary and secondary windings, a laminated iron core, air-passages extending in a vertical direction through the windings, airpassages extending through the iron in a direction transverse to and independent of the first set, an air-chamber in the base, a chamberlocated on one side of the core communicating therewith and supplying. air to the core-passages, and means for regulating the passage of air through both sets of passages independently.

s -In witnessrwhereof I have hereunto setmy hand this 18th day of May, 1892,

WALTER s. Mooier.'

'Witnessesz B. B. HULL, y E. W OADY.

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