US590863A

US590863A - Steam-engine

Info

Publication number: US590863A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1897-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 1914-09-28

Description

(No Model.) Sweets-Sheet 2. M. L. SEVERY..

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 590,863. Patented Sept. 28,1897.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

M. L. SEVERY.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 590,863. Patented Sept. 28, 18917 m: norms PETERS ca, PNoYc-umo" wummron. n. c

(No Model.) I I 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

. M. L. SEVERY.

, STEAM ENGINE.

No. 590,863, Patented Sept. 28,1897.

- Zh'iiress e5. [77%677573 m: "cams "TEES co Pucrou'mu, WASHINGTON, a. Q

(No Model.) 5 SheetS- Sheet 5.

M. L. SE'VERY.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 590,863. Patented Sept. 28,1897.

which the following, taken in connection with UNITED STATES PATENT Fr es.

MELVIN L. SEVER'Y, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS ASSIGNOR TO FRANCIS DCANE, F NORIVOOD, MASSACHUSETTS. I

STEAM-ENGlN E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 590,863, dated September 28, 1897. Application filed February 6, 1896. Serial No. 578,273. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern/.2

Be it known that I, MELVIN L. SEVERY, a citizen of the United States, residing'at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines, of

' the accompanying drawings,is a specification.

This invention relates to steam, hot-air, or Vapor engines, and has for one of its objects -the reduction of the pressure under which the engine is workable, or, in other words, the lizaintenance with a low pressure of a relatively high degree of expansion by diminishing the amount of heat radiating from what corresponds to the steam-cylinder and by making this receptacle of a material of such low capacity and conductivity for heat as to "prevent in a great measure the flashing of, V condensed water or its equivalent in the cylinder int-o steam and the chilling of the walls of the cylinder when the pressure therein is considerably decreased by the opening of the exhaust or condenser ports, thus rendering more of the energy of the steam, hot air, or vapor available as a source of power, with the result that fuel is economized.

To this endthe invention consists, first, in the combination, as hereinafter more fully set forth, of two expansible closed chambers, made of some flexible material which preferably is waterproof, steam and air tight, and of low heat conductivity, and preferably of low heat capacity, said chambers being shown in the drawings arranged end to end and connected together; a bar or plate attached to the connection between the cylinders or chambers and reciprocating as the cylinders alternately contract and expand in turn; means for converting said reciprocating motion as may be desired; induction and exhaust valves and valve-chambers connected to the end of each cylinder opposite to the connection between the same; induction and exhaust pipes connected to these valve-chambers; connections between the expansible cylinders and the valve-chambers, and mechanism operated by reciprocation of the bar or plate attached to the connection between the cylinders to alternately open and close the induction and exhaust valves at opposite end of the cylinder, so that the actuating fluid isalternately the valve mechanism, substantially as hereinafter more fully set forth, and, third, substantially as hereinafter more fully set forth, of a device operated automatically for discharging liquid formed in the chamber by the condensation of steam or vapor.

In steam or vapor engines as generally constructed the waste of the energy in the form of radiated and conducted heat is to some extent prevented by the jacketing of the metallic cylinder with a no n-conducting material as, for example, with wood or with a steamjacketbut the loss of heat through the external walls of a cylinder is by no means so serious a'defect as is the loss which occurs within the cylinder. When the water in a steam-cylinder which has'been condensed by work done is permitted, on the opening of the exhaust or condenser port, to flash into steam, to chill the cylinder-walls, and carry the heat taken from them into the condenser or-the air, the loss is often very great. By my system of construction I am enabled, where desirable, to make the chamber or cylinder wholly of a highly non-conducting material, as well as of one having a small capacity for heat, and am thus enabled not only to prevent the loss'of energy as heat, but also to reduce the cost of construction and the loss by friction.

- I have shown my improved cylinder as used with vertical engines having a working beam, but itmay also be used with other forms of engines, and I do not confine myself to its use in steam-engines, as it is likewise applicable to vapor and hot air. Neither do I confine myself to the exact shape of my compressible chamber or cylinder, since the same In the accomanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view in elevation of a vertical steam or vapor engine. Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of the same engine from the opposite side. Fig. 3 is an end view of the engine. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the top of the upper chamber and of the "alves and valve-chambers. Fig. 5 is a view of the valvechamber in elevation. Fig. 6 is an end view of the valves. Fig. 7 is a view in elevation of the mechanism for operating the valves. Fig. Sis a plan view of the same. Fig. 9 is an isometrical view of the toothed wheels and ratchet. Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of the mechanism for operating one of the valves in the lower chamber, a part of the mechanism being cut away in order to show the other part. Fig. 11 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 12 is a view in elevation of the grooved wheel and ratchet-wheel connected thereto. Fig. 13 is a view in elevation of the toothed wheel of the valve mechanism in the upper chamber. Fig. 14 is a View in elevation of the toothed wheel and valve mechanism in the lower chamber. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of the device on the top of the lower chamber for the purpose of automatically discharging liquid formed in the chamber by the condensation of steam or vapor. Fig. 16 is a sectional view of a puppet-valve connected with this device; and Fig. 17 is an enlarged view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of that part of the device shown in Fig. 15.

In the drawings the same numerals refer to the same parts.

Referring to the drawings, 1 and 2 are two longitudinally-expansible cylindrical closed chambers, made of some flexible material which is waterproof, air and steam tight is a poor conductor of heat, and preferably has small capacity for heat. I prefer a soft vulcanized-rubber fabric where the temperature of the actuating fluid is not too high, as this material well fulfils these conditions, but any suitable waterproof fabric rendered air and steam tight may be used, or leather, or where higher temperatures are used the accordion-like chamber may be made of flexible sheet metal. ranged end to end and one above the other in the engine shown and constitute a steamcylinder divided into two sections. They are connected at their adjoining ends to the outside of the inclosed partition or cylinder 3 in such a manner that an air and steam tight connection is formed. This cylinder 3 extends within the lower chamber 2 for a purpose to be hereinafter stated. The chambers or sections are thus united together, but they may be otherwise united, the cylinder 3 being shown as a suitable means of uniting them and for obtaining the other result accomplished by this cylinder. In each of the chambers or sections are a series of wire rings 4:, arranged at equal distances apart and placed within the body of the fabric used. The chambers are thus divided into a series These chambers are arof sections capable of longitudinal expansion and contraction. This construction is similar to that adopted in accord ions and other similar wind instruments, and its purpose will be readily understood. The upper end of the chamber 1 is attached to a closed cylinder 5, forming part of a horizontal plate 0 and extending downward into the cylinder a distance about equal to the length of the cylinder when closed. The cylinder 3, before referred to, extends for substantially the same distance into the chamber 2, and the object of these cylinders is to fill the chambers when contracted, enabling them to eject their contents when so contracted. The horizontal plate 6 is supported upon vertical rods 7, preferably three in number, and arranged in the form of a triangle. These rods extend from a suitable base-plate S. The lower chamber 2 is closed by a plate 9. A vertical cylinder 10 is attached thereto, and to the outside of this cylinder the material forming the walls of the chamber is attached in such a manner that an air and steam tight connection is formed. This plate 9 is attached to rods 7 at a sufficient distance from the baseplate 8 to permit the location of the valvecharnbers on the under side of the plate 9.

The metallic cylinder 3 between the two chambers 1 and 2 has attached to it a horizontal triangular plate 11, which plate has attached to it at each corner a vertical reciprocating rod 12. To this rod is attached a guide 13, which slides on the adjacent rod 7. These rods 12 are connected above the steamcylinder by another triangular plate ll which is pivoted to the working beam 15.

The plate 11,with the device connecting the chambers, virtually acts as the piston of a steam-cylinder and may be so designated. The rod 16, connecting the working beam with the crank to the fiy-wheel 17, is provided with a counterpoise 18 for the purpose of balancing the weight of the reciprocating parts.

19 is the condenser; 20, the condenserpump; 21, the pump-rod; 22, the links; 23, the radius-rod, and 24 the support for this rod fixed to the top of the cylinder.

25 are the valve-chambers. These are cylindrical in form and are placed in pairs, end to end, one pair being attached to the plate 6 above the same and the other to the plate 9 below the same. The steam or vapor supply pipe is connected by pipes 26 with one of the chambers of the upper and lower pairs, and the condenser is connected by pipes 27 with the opposite valve-chamber of the upper and lower pairs. The upper valve-chambers are connected by suitable pipes 28 with the upper chamber 1 and the lower valve-chambers are each respectively connected bysuitable pipes with the lower chamber 2. Each valve is formed from two parallel plates 20, preferably cone-shaped, and each having an equal number of equidistant sectors of equal size cut out of it. In this case there are four as a convenient number, as shown. In the valve conncctcdwith the steam-pipe the plate 29, nearest the pipe entering the steam-cylinder, is stationary, and is fixed between the inner walls of the valve-chamber and a central hub 30, and the other plate is attached to an arbor 31, which passes through this hub and a steam-tight packing in the opposite side of the valve-chamber. The pressure of the steam entering the valve-chamber from the steam-pipe acts to retain these plates in contact, and a spiral spring 22, placed between a collar in the arbor and the hub, further conduces to that result.

In the valve-chambers connected with the condenser-pipe the plate next thepipe entering the steam-cylinder is fixed to the arbor and the other plateis stationary for the reason that the pressure comes from the side next the steam-cylinder. The rotation of the arbor 31 for the distance corresponding to the number of openingsin the device shown 'this distance being an eighth of a turnwill register the openings in the two parallel plates 29, and thus permit the flow of steam through the openings,and the further rotation of the arbor another part of the turn to the same extent will bring the openings in the rotary plate under the corresponding sectors of the other plate and thus shut off the steam. The openings in the plate of two opposite valve-chambers are so arranged that when the valve between the steam-pipe and the steam-cylinder is open the valve between the condenser and the steam -cylinder is closed. A number of openings are used in order that as much steam as possible may be admitted or exhausted at each opening-of the valve. It is desirable that these valves should be opened totheir full extent by a sudden movement, and. it is the object ofthe mechanism operating the valves to accomplish this result. This mechanism is shown both in whole and in detail in Figs. 7 to 14, inclusive, and is substantially of the same construction both for the upper and lower pair of valves. Upon the arbor 31 is a loose grooved wheel 33, on which is wound the cord 34, one end of which is fastened to a spring 36, secured to the frame, and the cord is also made fast to the wheel Fixed upon the arbor is a ratchet-wheel 37, having twice as many equidistant teeth as there are perforations in the valve-platein the device shown eightand turned in the direction of the rotation of the wheel 33 when turned by the action of the spring 36. A spring-dog 38 connects the ratchet-wheel with the wheel 33. Fixed upon the arbor are also two

toothed wheels

30 and 40, each having as many equidistantteeth as there are openings in the valves and turned in the opposite direction to the teeth of the ratchet-wheel. These wheels are so placed that the teeth of one wheel alternate with the teeth of the other. The object of the wheel 33 is to wind up the cord and increase the tension of the spring attached thereto, and theobject of the two wheels 39 and iO-is to permit the step-by-step movement of the arbor which is given by the release of the wheels for the purpose of opening and closing the valve to be produced alternately by different mechanisms, one acting on one wheel, the other on the other wheel. One wheel when releasedrotates the arbor to open the valve until the further rotation of the arbor is arrestedby the engagement of a tooth of the other wheel with a suitable movable stop, and this wheel in turn when released rotates the arbor sufliciently to close the valve.

The bell-crank lever 35, operating by the cord to expand the spring 36 and turn the wheel 33 fora distance equal to two teeth on the ratchet-wheelin the device shown onefourth of a tnrnis actuated as follows, reference being made for the purpose of description to the mechanism of the upper valvechambers:

41 is a vertical rod attached to the reciprocating plate 11, and on this rod is a pivoted spring-catch 452 at such a distance from the plate 11 that when this plate 11 has near y completed its stroke on the expansion of the lower section of the steam-cylinder the catch will strike the end of the horizontal arm of the bell-crank lever 35 and throw the other arm back, thus turning the wheel 33 and expanding the spring 36, While at the same time the dog 38 will pass over one toot-h of the ratchet-wheel 37 without engaging with it, but will fall under and engage the second tooth. The ratchet-wheel has now a tendency. to turn a quarter-revolution by the action of the spring 36, which has been extended by the movement of the lever 35. The catch 42 is made in a well-known manner, so that on the downward movement of the rod 41 it will pass by the end of the horizontal'arm of the bell-cranklever 35 without moving the same. A spring 43, much weaker than 36, is attached to the vertical arm of the lever 35 for the purpose of taking up the slack of the cord. Pivoted upon the device 32 which supports the arbor,- is a pawl 44, the end of which engages with a tooth of the outer toothed wheel 39. The teeth of this wheel are so related to the sectors or openings in the valve-plate that in the valve mechanism connected with the valve the controlling steam-supply valve is closed when the wheel is thus held, but in the valve mechanism connected wit-h the valve controlling the exhaustvalve is open when this wheel is thus held. As the chamber 1 of the steam-cylinder expands the end of a vertical rod 45, attached to the reciprocating plate 11, strikes against the pawl 44: and disengages its end from the tooth of the wheel The wheel is released, and under the effect of the retraction of the spring 36 this wheel suddenly rotates, opening the steam-valve, while at the same time or a moment previously another similar rod 45 on the other side of the steam-cylinder strikes against the pawl of the valve mechw anism connected with the exhaust-valve and releases the wheel of this valve mechanism, so that the exhaust-valve is suddenly closed. \Vhen the wheel 39 rotates, it is arrested after making its fractional turn by the engagement of the teeth upon the inner wheel 40 with the end of a lever or holding-pawl 46, pivoted to the plate 32. (See Fig. 13.) .The other end of this lever $6 is pivoted to a vertical rod 47, which passes through the plates Sand 9 and has upon it a collar 48, which when the section or chamber 1 of the steamcylinder has fully expanded under the effect of the entering steam is struck by a lug or projection 49 from the connection between the cylinders and draws the end of the lever i6 against force of a spiral spring 50, arranged between the hub 5O on this lever and the plate 6. The teeth of the inner wheel 40 are thus released. The'whcel suddenly makes a fractional turn under the effect of the spring 30 and the steam-valve is closed and the condensing-valve opened.

There are two rods 47, one 011 each side, one forthe mechanism of the steam-valve and the other for the mechanism of the exhaust-valve. Two other vertical rods 47 are used for operating one lever or holdingpawl 46 of the valve mechanism of the valves of the lower section or chamber 2 of the steam-cylinder, and the horizontal arm of the bell-crank levers 35 of this mechanism is also struck by the lower end of the rod etl and similar to the catch on its upper end. In the drawin this lower catch is shown as having passed the horizontal arm of the bell-crank lever. The upper section or chamber 1 of the steam-cylinder is shown as expanded and the lower section or chamber 2 is contracted. As before stated, I do not limit myself in carrying my invention into effect to the form of mechanism described for the operation of the valves, but it is shown and described as a suitable and novel mechanism for the purpose. This arrangement of valve-chambers and the valve mechanism and devices foroperating the same can be applied to a solid steam-cylinder having a piston. An automatic device (shown in Figs. 15 and 16) is used for discharging the liquid formed in the" upper section or chamber by the condensation of steam or vapor. The top of the cylinder 3 in the lower chamber is depressed in the center, and communicating with this depression is a pipe 52, and connected by a sleeve 53 with this pipe is a flexible pipe 54, communicating with the condenserpump. Moving in the sleeve 53 is a puppet-valve 55, closing the opening into the pipe 54:. The stem 56 of this valve passes through the end of the sleeve 53. A spiral spring 59, between the end of the sleeve 53 and a collar 56, acts to maintain the puppet-valve closed. Upon the condenser-pipe is a projection 57, and on the plate 11 is a pivoted lever 58, one arm of which when the bar has descended in the completion of the downward stroke strikes against the projection 57 and forces this arm of the lever against the end of the collar 56, thus opening the puppet-valve.

It is obvious that an engine could be made with a single expansiblc chamber instead of with two, as shown, but as it would in no sense alter the principle of my invention I have not deemed it necessary to show such a device, as it will at once be seen that such a single-acting engine, after the well-known type of atmospheric engine, is within the province of my invention.

hat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a device actuated by steam, vapor or hot air, one or more receivers or cylinders each consisting of a partially collapsible chamber provided with a displacement plug or plugs substantially filling the chamber when in its most contracted state, induction and eduction pipes communicating with said chamber and means for converting the mo tion of the chamber in its expansion and contraction into useful work, substantially as described.

2. In a device actuated by steam, vapor or hot air, one or more receivers or cylinders each consisting of a partially collapsible chamber of some flexible material,Waterproof, steam and air tight and of low heat conductivity and preferably of low heat capacity, a displacement-plug in each chamber substantially filling the same when in its most contracted state, induction and eduction pipes communicating with said chamber, and means for converting into useful work the movement of the chamber in its expansion and contraction.

3. In a steam or vapor engine, the combination substantially as described of expansible cylindrical closed chambers made of some flexible material, waterproof, steam and air tight, and of low heat conductivity, and preferably of low heat capacity, said chambers being arranged end to end and connected to gether by a plate attached to the connection between the chambers and reciprocating as the chambers alternately contract and expand; means for converting this reciprocating motion as may be desired; steam or vapor and exhaust valves and valve-chambers connected to the end of each expansible chamber opposite to the connection between the same; steam or vapor and exhaust pipes connected to these valve-chambers, means for communication between the expansible chambers and the valve-chambers, and mechanism operating by the reciprocation of the plate attached to the connection between the cylinders to open and close the steam and exhaust valves at the opposite ends of the expansible chambers so that steam is alternately admitted into one chamber and exhausted from the other.

4. In a steam or vapor engine, the combination substantially as described of two longitudinally expansible cylindrical closed chambers made of soft vulcanized rubber fabric, said chambers being arranged end to end and connected together, a plate attached to the connection between the chambers and reciprocating as the chambers alternately contract and expand; means for converting this reciprocatory motion as may be desired; steam or vapor induction and exhaust valve-chambers connected to the end of each expansible chamber opposite to the connection between the same; induction and exhaust pipes connected to these valve-chambers, means for communication between the expansible chambers and the valve-chambers and mechanism operated by the-reciprocation of the plate attached to the connection between the cylinders to open and close the steam or vapor and exhaust valves at opposite ends of the expansible chambers so that steam or vapor is alternately admitted into one chamber and exhausted from the other.

5. In a steam or vapor engine, the combination substantially as described with two steam or vapor cylinders made of some flexible material, waterproof and air and steam tight, and of lowheat conductivity, and preferably of low heat capacity, arranged end to end and connected together; .of a series of rings arranged at equal distances apart and secured to the inside of each of the cylinders.

6. In a steam or vapor engine, the combination substantially as described of two vertical longitudinally-expansible steam-cylinders arranged end to end and connected together two plates, one attached byan air and steam tight connection to the top of one cylinder and the other by a similar connection to the bottom of the other cylinder; rods extending from the upper plate and secured to the lower plate, and a suitable base-plate; the rods inclosing the cylinder, two rods be ing opposite to each other; a plate attached to the connection between the cylinders and reciprocating as the cylinders alternately expand and contract; vertical rods, each attached to an opposite side of the plate; a guide on each rod sliding on the adjacent stationary vertical rod; a cross-piece above the cylinder and connecting the reciprocating rods and a connection between this crosspiece and the working beam of the engine.

7 The combination substantially as described of the two expansible steam or vapor cylinders arranged end to end, and a closed cylinder at the junction of the cylinders and having the ends of the cylinders attached thereto by an air and steam tight connection and projecting within the lower cylinder.

8. In a steam-engine of the class described, the combination, substantially as set forth, with the upper expansible steam-cylinder, of a plate covering the upper end of said cylinder and a displacement-plug attached to the bottom of said plate and extending within said cylinder.

9. The combination substantially as described of a steam or vapor cylinder, a device having a reciprocating movement as the steam or vapor is admitted alternately in the opposite sides of this device; two pairs of valvechambers, one pair at one end of the cylinder, the other pair at the other end; pipes respectively connecting the steam-pipe with a valvechamber at each end of the cylinder, both valve-chambers being on the same side of the cylinder; pipes respectively connecting the condenser with a valve-chamber at one end of the steam-cylinder, both chambers being in the same side of the cylinder and each opposite a steam-valve cylinder; pipes respectively connecting the exhaust and steam valve chambers of each steam-cylinder with the same valves in each chamber; mechanism operating each valve to open and close the same; mechanism on the opposite sides of the cylinder and operated by the movement of the reciprocating device to alternately open and close the steam and exhaust valves on the opposite sides of this device.

'10. In a steam-engine, the combination substantially as described, of two longitudinallyexpansible cylinders connected together end to end, the upper cylinder attached to a fixed horizontal plate and the lower cylinder attached to a fixed horizontal plate; a bossplate; two pairs of valve-chambers, one pair supported on the upper horizontal plate and the other pair attached to the under side of the lower plate; pipes respectively connectin g the steam-pipe with an upper valve-chamher and a lower valve-chamber, both of said valve-chambers being on the same side of the cylinder; pipes respectively connecting the condenser with an upper valve-chamber and with a lower valve-chamber, both of said chambers being on the sameside of the steamcylinder and each opposite a steam-valve chamber; valves in each chamber; mechanism for operating each valve; a plate attached to the connection between the two steam-cylinders and reciprocating as these cylinders alternately expand and contract; mechanism on the opposite sides of the cylinders and operated by this plate and each acting on the reciprocating movement of the plate to operate the valve mechanism; pipes connecting respectively the exhaust and steam valve chambers of each steam-cylinder with the same.

11. The combination substantially as described with a steam-cylinder of a valve-chamber fixed at the end of the same and communicating with the end of the'cylinder and with the steam-pipe or exhaust-pipe; a rotary valve formed of two parallel plates placed between the entrance of the steam-cylinder and the entrance of the steam or condenser pipe and each plate furnished with sector-shaped openings at equal distances apart and of equal size, the openings in one plate registering with the openings in the other plate and one plate fixed to the walls of the valve-chamber and the other to a rotating arbor, and mechanism acted upon by a reciprocatory piston-head to suddenly open the valve on the movement of the piston-head in one direction and to close it suddenly in the movement of the pistonhead in the other direction.

12. The combination substantially as described of the plate 32; rotating arbor 31 mounted on the same, the perforated valveplate 29 fixed on the arbor and having an even number of equidistant sectoral openings of equal size; the wheel 33 loose 011 the arbor; the cord 34 on said wheel, the springs 36 and 43; the ratchet-wheel 37 having twice the number of teeth as the openings in the valve fixed in the arbor; the dog 38 connecting the ratchet-wheel with the wheel on the arbor; the toothed parallel wheels 39 and 40, each having half the n u mber of teeth as the ratchetwheel fixed on the arbor and having the teeth of one alternating with the teeth of the other; the bell-crank lever 35 having one arm attached to the cord; the holding-pawl 44 hearing against a tooth of one of the parallel wheels; the holding-pawl 46 bearing against a tooth of the other parallel wheel; a rod 47 connected to the end of this pawl and reciprocating piston-head; rods 41 and 43 attached to this piston-head, one striking one arm of the bell-crank lever to operate the same as the piston makes its strokes in one direction and the other rod acting to strike the pawl and disengage its end from the toothed wheel as the piston-head further moves in the same direction; a collar 48 on the rod 47 acted upon by the piston-head as it completes its stroke in either direction whereby the rod is moved to disengage the end of the attached lever from the tooth of that of the parallel wheels with which it engages.

13. The combination substantially as described of a reciprocating piston-head, a plate attached to said piston-head,

rods

41 and 45 at right angles to this plate and attached to the same near their centers, the bell-crank lever opposite each end of the rod, the holdingpawls 44 opposite eachend of the rod 45, the

rod 41 acting to move the bell-crank lever as the piston-head moves, and a rod 45 acting to strike the holding-pawl as the reciprocating piston-head moves further in the same direction.

14. The combination, substantially as described, of the bell-crank levers 35; the cord; spring; loose wheel; grooved wheel; ratchetwheel; spring-dog and rotating valve-arbor operated by said bell-crank lever; the recip rocating plate 11, the rod 41 attached thereto; the pivoted catches 42 on said rod, each catch moving the corresponding bell-crank lever as the rod moves in one direction but passing the bell-crank lever as the rod moves in the other direction.

15. The combination, substantially as described, with the arbor of the rotating valve, of the rotating ratchet-wheel 4O fixed on said arbor; the plate 32 supporting said arbor; the rod 47; the hub on said rod; the projection 49 attached to the connection between the steam-cylinders; the plate 6 forming the top of the upper cylinder; the spring 50 between said plate and said hub; and the pawl 46 pivoted to said plate 32 and actuated by said rod.

16. The combination substantially as described of the reciprocating piston-head, two opposite holding-

pawls

40 and 46, two rods moving longitudinally at right angles to the plane of the piston-head, one attached to one pawl and the other to the other pawl, and a boss 49 on one rod adapted to be struck by the lug on the piston-head to move the rod as the piston-head moves in the other direction.

17. The combination substantially asde scribed of the cylinder 3 having a reciprocating movement, the depressed top of the same, a pipe 52 extending upward through said depressed top and a sleeve on the end of this pipe, a flexible pipe 54 extending from this sleeve to the condenser-pump, the puppetvalve 55 in the pipe, and closing the pipe, a stem 56 to this valve extending through the sleeve, a spiral spring 59 on this stem between the end of the sleeve and a hub in the stem, a pivoted lever 58 having one end bearing against the stem and a projection 57 in the con denser-pipe striking this lever to force in the stem and open the valve when the reciprocating cylinder reaches the end of one stroke.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 7th day of January, A. D. 1896.

MELVFA L. SEVERY.

Witnesses:

CHAS. A. KELLOG-G, WM. W. MONTGOMERY.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 590,863.

It is hereby certified that Letters Patent No. 590,863, granted September 28, 1897,

upon the application of Melvin L. Severy, of Boston, Massachusetts, for an improve- I ment in Steam-Engines, was erroneously issued to Francis Doane, as owner of the entire interest in said invention; that said Letters Patent should have been issued to the inventor Melvin L. Savory, and Francis Doane, jointly, said Francis Deane being the assignee of nine-twentieths interest only in said patent, as shown by the record of assignments in this Office; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 26th day of October, A. D., 1897.

THOS. RYAN, First Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

[SEAL] Countersigned BENJ. BUTTERWORTH,

Commissioner of Patents.