US588380A - benxt - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets- Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

- Patented Aug. 17,1897.

I C R E MN. .U AG .w HM &R E Tw /BS NA, EG B V. L

i "EVE Witnesses.'

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2..

L. V. BENET su H.A.MBRG1. GASv OPERATBD GUN.

No. 588,380. Patented Aug. 17,1897.

LN o s i@ S 5 a s a 4. o .A l a in q Witwe? Invenfors; 88' Qf g @my Z Bymmm (No Model.) I 3 smetti-Sheer,v 3.r L. v. BBNT an 1528A. MBRGIE.

GAS OPERATBD GUN.

No. 588,380. Patented Aug. 17, 189'?.

Nrrnn STATES `Pearl-mar 'Errea LAURENCE BENET AND HENRI A. MERCI, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNORS TO TIIE IIOTCIIKISS ORDNANCE COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENG- L A N I).

GAS-OPERATED GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 588,380, dated August 17', 1.897. Application 61nd retnnnny 16, 1697. senin 11n. 626,632. No ninna.) Pnnenned in England nnembnn 16, 1696,110. 29,116 i in Belgium January 21,189'7, No. 125,916; in Spain February 23,1897,

and in France April 19, 1897.

To all chan/t it' 'nt/.Ly concern:

13e it known that we, LAURENCE V. BENT, a citizen of the United States, and HENRI A. MERCI, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Automatic Machine-Guns, (for which We have obtained Letters Patent of Great Britain No. 29,118, dated December 18, 1896; Letters Patent of Belgium No. 125,916, dated January 21, 1897; Letters Patent of Spain, addition, No. 20,285, dated February 23,1897; Letters Patent of Austria, dated April 4, 1897, tomef47, folio 1,177, and Letters Patent of France, addition, dated April 19, 1897,) of which the following is a specication.

These improvements relate to that class of gun in which a portion of the powder-gas is utilized for operating the breech-action and feed mechanism ofthe firearm, and more particularly to that class ot' automatic machinegun described and illustrated in Letters Patent of the United States under date of July 14, 1896, bearing No. 564,043, granted tothe Hotchkiss Ordnance Company, Limited, of London, England. It is evident, however, that the improvements about to be described may be applied, in whole or in part, to guns operated by any well known mechanical means.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which the same parts are indicated by the same letters throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, in which the gun-barrel and the cylinder are shown broken away and the pressure-regulating chamber is reduced to its smallest capacity. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the pressure-regulating chamber after it has been adjusted so as to somewhat increase the capacity of the said chamber. Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 2, showing the manner in which the latch is fitted on the pressure-regulating chamber. Fig. 4

shows the latch separately in elevation. Fig. 5 is an inverted plan view of the same, and Fig. 6 represents a section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 represents a central vertical longitudinal section through the rear portion No. 20,2875; in Austria Apri14,1897,N0.47/1,177,

of the gun. Figs. 8 and 9 represent-detail 5o views showing the operation of the means for moving the cooking-handle to the rear should the piston' stick.l Fig. 10 represents a cross-section on the line 10 10 of Fig. 7 and looking in the direction of the arrow..55 Fig. 11 represents a central longitudinal section through the front end of the improved extractor and the contiguous portion of the breech-block. Fig. 12 represents an inverted plan view'of the front end ot the eXtractor.. -6 0 Fig. 13 represents an inverted plan of that part of the piston to which the trigger-stop is applied. Fig. 14 represents the same part of the piston shown in Fig. 13 with the triggerstop in the firstposition prior to being in- 65 serted in the piston. Fig. l'represents the same part of the piston shown in Figs. 13 and 'y 14 with the trigger-stop in place. Fig. 16 represents a section on the line 16 16 of Fig. .15. Fig. 17 is a detail sectional view of the rear por- 7o tion of the device shown vin Fig. 7 and illustrates the means of securingthe shoulderpiece to the gun. Fig. 18 represents a section of the device shown in Fig. 17 on the line 18 18 of the said figure and looking down. 75`

Fig. 19 represents a side elevation of the shoulder-piece, showing the method of connecting the same to the rear portion of the gun. Fig. 2O is Ya plan view of 'the parts shown in Fig. '19, the buffer shoulder-plate 8o being omitted.' Fig. 21 represents an elevation of the buffer shoulder-plate detached from the shoulder-piece.v Fig. 22 represents a section on the line 22 2 2 of Fig. 1 and illustrates the means for preventing the gases 85 from fouling the parts of the mechanism in rear of the operating-face of the motor-piston. Fig. 23 represents the tiring-pin as in the danger position relative to the tangs occasioned by inaccurate assembling of the 99a parts. Fig. 24 is an inverted plan 'view of a portion of the breech-block, showing mechanism to obviate the inaccurate adjustment shown in Fig. Fig. 25 represents a crosssection of the parts shown in Figs. 7 and 24 95 on the line 25 25 of Fig. 7, and Fig. 26 represents a cross-section on the line 26 26 of Fig. 24.

In the drawings we have only illustrated such portion of the machine-gun of the class under consideration as is necessary for an intelligible description of the improvements herein referred to.

In machine or other guns operated by the powder-gas, as is the case in the aforementioned Letters Patent, the violence or speed with which the mechanism will act depends upon the pressure of the gas acting upon the exposed end of the motor-piston.

One of the objects we have in View to accomplish is to provide means for regulating at will the pressure of the said gas. The means consist, broadly speaking, in providing between the port which admits the powder-gas from the barrel and the cylinder in which the piston acts a chamber the capacity of which can be varied as required. This improvement is shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

In order to facilitate the comparison with the drawings of the aforementioned patent, we will here employ in respect of the parts which have remained unchanged the same letters of reference as those employed in the said patent.

B, as in the said patent, represents the'barrel; C, the cylinder of the motor-piston; (y, the canal bringing the bore in comm-unication with the cylinder C, and D represents the motor-piston.

The chamber of variable capacity is formed by a recess 1 in the head 2 of the cylinder C and opens into the chamber 3, inside the cylinder C. The head 2 terminates in a screwthreaded tubular portion 4, into which is screwed a rod 5, having at one end a milled knob 6 and at the other end an obturatin-gring 7, the outer face of which acts as a wall, limiting the capacity of the recess or opening 1. A tubular portion 8, concentric with the rod 5 and integral therewith, moves along a scale 9, formed upon the tubular portion 4, and the conventional division of which enables the gun-servant to ascertain the size of the chamber formed by the parts 1, 7, and 3. In order to arrest the rod 5 in a desired position when once. the capacity of the chamber has been regulated, there is fixed to the tubular portion S a spring-latch 10, having a nose 1l. (See Figs. 1, 4, and 5.) The said latch comprises a pivot provided with two projections 12, which, when the latch is being putin place, as shown by the dotted lines of Fig. 3, pass through notches 13 made in the opening for receiving the said pivot of the latch. By imparting one-quarter of a turn to the latch the latter passes from the position shown in Fig. 3 to that shown in Fig. 2 and is thereby secured, its nose 1l engaging a groove 14 in the tubular portion 4.

By screwing or unscrewing the knob 6 the obturating-ring 7 can be used to advance or recede at will, consequently decreasing or increasing the capacity of the space formed both by the extension 1 and the chamber 3.

It therefore follows that before actuating the motor-piston the powder-gas will iirst have to expand into the said space and to fill it, after which it will act upon the piston under a determined pressure, the length of time necessary for the development of such pressure and the amount of the latter being a function of the capacity of the said space.

In machine-guns of the class under consideration, in which a large number of rounds are fired in rapid succession from a single barrel, the successive discharges add continual increments of heat to the barrel, and as the radiating-surface lof the latter is small the temperature of the barrel soon reaches such a degree that the metal becomes softened or even plastic, the interior surface becomes eroded, and the barrel expands and is thereby rendered unservicea-ble after a small number of rounds. In machine-guns of this class it has been attemptedto obviate this difficulty by surrounding the barrel by a water-jacket With a view of causing the heat to be absorbed by the water. This offers-great tactical objections from the fact that water must be carried for the service of the gun and that the steam evolved renders the position of the gun visible from long distances. The construction of a water-jacketalso offers great mechanical difficulties and complications, since means must be provided for retaining the water while permitting the escape of the steam at all angles of elevation and depression. We obviate these inconveniences by forming on the barrel a series of ribs of steel or other metal for the purpose of absorbing the heat developed and giving it-off by radiation. This improvement is illustrated in Fig. 1, in which B is the barrel, over which is either fitted or shrunk on a sleeve 15, of steel or other suitable metal, having annular ribs, as shown, or having longitudinal, helical, or other projections for providing a large'radiating-surface. This sleeve therefore greatly increases not only the surface of radiation, but the mass of metal that absorbs and transmits the heat developed by the powder-gas. This radiating-sleeve may be a separate piece, as shown, or the ribs or projections maybe formed in one with the barrel. WVe prefer, however, to make it a separate piece and to shrink it on the barrel-that is to say, we make the interior diameter of the sleeve of smaller diameter than the part of the `barrel on which it is assembled, expand it by heat, and slip it in place. Vhen cooled, it contracts on the barrel, compressing the latter. By this arrangement if the barrel becomes softened by heat itis prevented from expanding owing to the compression exerted by the sleeve.

When a gun of the class under consideration is fired with powder giving a considerable quantity of residue, this will collect in the front part of the gas-cylinder, and if the gun is allowed to remain with the piston in its forward position for any considerable time IIl this residue will harden and the piston cannot be moved to the rear or cocked position by means of the finger-piece connected to the said piston.

AnotherI object we desire to accomplish is to enable the piston to be readily started when the gas-cylinder so becomes clogged with residue. To accomplish this object, a lever is mounted in the front part 0f the cookingguard, the said lever being journaled in the guard and provided with a toe which bears against a tang on the piston. Whenthe lever is not in use, it can be held in place against the cooking-guard, where it remains Without taking any part in the movement of the mechanism of the gun; but should the piston stick in its forward position and if the operation of the finger-piece cannot move it the lever can be operated, the toe thereof then pressing against the said tang and the piston being forced to the rear with great power. This improvement is shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, where D, as in the aforesaid pateniprepresents the piston, D4 represents the ytang under the piston D and having connected to it the cooking-handle F, E represents the mainspring, and A4 represents a guard.

The lever 16 for forcing the piston to the rear is jou rnaled in the guard A4, and on its axis 17 it carries a toe 18. At each end the axis 17 is oppositely flattened, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, for enabling the lever to be introduced in place by causing the attened portion to pass through an opening 19 on each side of the guard A4, as shown in Fig. 9. The cooking-handle Fis pulled by hand suiiiciently toward the right to allow of the lever 16 being introduced and placed in the normal position shown in Fig. 8. When it is not necessary to make use of the lever, it is turned until it assumes the horizontal position shown in Fig. 7, in which it is locked by a latch 20, engaging a corresponding recess in the guard A4, as shown in' Fig. 10. In that posi-tion of the lever its toe 18 is inoperative and does not partake in the movements of the mechanism of the gun; but if the piston D sticks in its forward position-z'. e., the position it occupies in Fig. 7-the lever 16 is to be disengaged and moved downward, the toe 18 presses the tang D4 to the rear into the position shown in Fig. 8, the piston no longer sticks, and the operator can readily actuate the cocking-handle F by hand;

A diiiculty experienced with extractors used in this class of guns lies in the fact that the claw of the extractor in riding over the dan ge or head of the cartridge in loadingor in ejecting will often detach small particles of the cartridge metal, which, lodging between the breech-block and the extractor whenthe latter is in the act of riding over the flange or head of the cartridge, will prevent the extractor from returning to its normal position in contact with the breech-block and from fully engaging with the head of the cartridge.

l which alone is shown..

thereof. L is the' breech-lock. On the ex-` Another object We desire to accomplish is I the extractor and affords a lodging-place forA any small bits of metal or other foreign bodies,^as above mentioned. This arrangement is illustrated in full size in Figs. 11 and 12, in

which N' is the extractor, the extremity of nis the claw or `hook tractor is formed asmallshoulder 21 and a i recess 22, the former acting to keep the extractor at the proper distance'from the breechblock L, and the latter acting as a cavity for receiving the particles or foreign bodies hereinbefore referred to.

The trigger-stop described in the aforeme'ntioned Letters Patent, while readily disconnected and assembled, is in -a measure unsatisfactory on account of its tendency to detach itself vfrom the piston when the latter is' dismounted, falling to the ground with the risk of loss and delay. y

Another object we desire to accomplish is to securely attach to and `readily'dismount the trigger-stop from the piston, while at the same timey obviating the above-mentioned diiiiculty. This improvement is illustrated in full size in Figs. 13,14, 15,' Aand/16. Fig. 13, which is an invertedplan, shows the part of the' piston towhich the trigger-stop is applied. Fig. 14 shows the first positionaslsumed by the trigger-stop previous toits being in place. Fig. 15 shows the trigger-stop in place, and Fig. 16 is a section on the line 16 16 ot' Fig. 15. Moreover, G is illustrated on a reduced scale in Fig. 7 in| the position it assumes normally. In the arrangement the trigger-stop G is not pivoted, as in the said patent, but is provided with. a dowel 26, preferably a central one, around which it can be turned. In the piston D is formeda small cavity, the transverse sides 'of which are dovetailed, andin the'center of that cavity is formed which ts the dowel 26 of the trigger-stop G. The sides ofthe trigger-stop, which are in an arc of a circle, are likewise dovetailed to correspond with the dovetailed sides or walls of the cavity 24.

In order to assemble the trigger-stop, it is first placed against the piston D in the position illustrated in Fig. 14, with thedowel26 engaging its recess 25, whereupon one-quarter of a tu-rn is imparted to it in the direction' of the arrow, so as to cause it toV assume the position shown in Fig. 15, in which it is parallel with the piston. In order tostop the trigger-stop in position, it is provided with a stud 27, which engages a corresponding step 28 in the piston.

Another object we desireto accomplish is to'make the shoulder-piece separable from the trigger-stop IOC) IOS..-

IIO

a recess 25, into the breech-cover,

instead of, as in the saidl inder and provided with a gas-check groove patent, making it in one piece with the said l D2, with or without aspring or other packing.

cover, the object being to reduce the length of the gun for transportation.

by is shown in Figs. 7, 17,1 8,19, 20, and 2l. Fig. 7 illustrates the breech-cover J and shoulderpiece J, which in the said patent are in one piece, while here they constitute two separate pieces, and A illustrates the receiver.

In Fig. 7, in which the shoulder-piece J isi 'shown broken away, the three parts are illustrated as assembled and locked. Fig. 17 illustrates the three parts assembled together, but the pin J4 is in the required position for admitting the shoulder-piece to be placed on removed.

J, as in the said patent, represents the button for operating the pin J4, and js represents the small stud, which engages in a circular slot ai". (Shown in dotted lines in Fig. it and in full lines in the section Fig. 1S.)

The shoulder-piece .l has a T-shaped projection 29,'which lits into a corresponding vertical slot inthe breech-cover .V2 A lip 30 on each side ot the projection 29 stops the downward movement of the shoulder-piece in the slot of the breech-cover .Vi when placing 'lhe pin .i4 is flattened f.

the shoulder-piece. at 3l, Figs. 7, 17, and 1S, and in the vertical wall ct' the shoulder-piece facing thc said pin is formed a recess 32, Figs. 7 and 17 in the form of an arc of a circle, the radius or w hich is slightly greater than that ot' the radius ol the pin Th In order to assemble the parts, the breechcover .i3 is first put in place, whereupon the pin J" is so presented opposite its opening that its stud j* may be in front of the groove Si, formedin the rcceiverA. (See Figs. 18and 19.) The pin then assumes a position in which it is revolved through one hundred and eighty degrees from the position shown in Figs. 1S, 10, and 20. The pin is then inserted, and when its stud j has reached beyond the groove 3l and is in the circular slot of the button J is rotated in the direction ot the arrow, Fig. lll, until the pin assumes thc position illustrated in Fig. 17, in which the flattened portion 3l is in a vertical pla-ne. The shoulder-piece .l can then be put in place by sliding it down until its lips 30 rest upon the breech-cover J3, the recess 32 being opposite the flattened portion of the piu J. On turning the button J6 to the extent of, say, fortyive degrees. but in the opposite direct-ion, it is made to pass from the position shown in Fig. 17 to that shown in Fig. 1), in which latterit is stopped by a small lug ff, as in the aforementioned patent. ln passing from one position to the other-. c., from Fig. 17 to Fig. .1Q-the ilattened portion 31 of the pin .ll will be replaced oy a solid portion, which will fill up the recess 32 and thereby lock the shoulder-piece J.

ln the aforementioned patent is shown, in Fig. 7, a piston D, nicely fitting the gas-cyllt has been found that any error of alinement 'lhe device 1 of the piston or of assemblingof the barrel means ot which this object is accomplished l or gas-cylinder would set up excessive friotion between the piston and the cylinder and prevent the proper working of the mechanism. To obviate these defects, We provide the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, wherein D, asin the other patent, is the motor-piston, and C the cylinder. At the end of the piston is screwed a head 35, between which and the piston is fitted a loose gas-check ring 36. The external diameter of the said ring fits the opitive portion of the cylinder closely, but -ts loosely over the stem of the piston, so that between the central opening of the ring 3G and the screw-threaded rod of the head 35, acting as an axis therefor, there is a relatively large play, and thus there may be large errors in the alinement of the various parts and the ring will still tit closely without excessive friction, as the ring will follow the profile of the cylinder, While the piston acts according to its own alinement. n

It -is not essential that the gas-check ring 36, above set forth, should lit the cylinder with great nicety, as the pressure on the piston may be regulated by the improvement referred to in relation to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive; but if there be a clearance-space between the said ring 3h' and the cylinder some of the gas will pass backward through the cylinder along the tinted piston and reach and foul the breech and feeding mechanism, and another object we desire to accomplish is to prevent the said gas from eventually reaching and fouling the said mechanism. The arrangement suitable for the accomplishmentot that object is shown in Figs. 1- and 22, which latter is a cross-section of the piston D on the line 22 22 of Fig. 1, and it consistsin forming on the piston, the diameter of which is less than the internal diameter of the cylinder C, one or more batiles or walls 37, by which the gas is deflected and practically prevented from proceeding any farther, said gas escaping into the open air through one or more openings C2 in the cylinder as soon as the pistou has moved sul'liciently tothe right to uncovei` the said openings.

lu theaforementioued patent the described mea-ns of assembling the motor-piston D, Fig. 7, with the breech-block. L and iiring-p'in M is apt te present the following defect: If, as is shown in Fig. .23 of the accom panyin g drawings, the piston l) is not properly assembled with reference to theiiring-pin M-t-hatis to say, if the firing-pin is in its forward position with reference to the tang D of the piston instead of being in Contact with the tang DE as is normally shown in Fig. 7--the gun will be discharged before the breech is closed and locked.

Another part of our present invention is therefore to obviate an inaccurate assembling of the three parts, in order that the serious IOO IIO

defect above referred t'o may be avoided. An

arrangementsuitable forthe accomplishment of that object is shown in Figs. 7, 24, 25, and 26. The front end of the slot-38, Fig. 24, through which pass the tangs D7D8 of the piston, is widened at 39, and in the thickness of the metal we make, on each side of the said slot, a groove 40. (See Fig. 26.) Moreover, we apply on each side of the piston -a rib 4l, adapted to engage said groove 40, (see Fig.

25,) the length of which rib is substantiallywill materially oppose anyintroduction of the said piston-tangs, and the assembling will be rendered impossible. It is therefore necessary that the firing-pin be made to assume the position shown in Fig. 7 before the parts can be assembled.

Another object of our present invention is to reduce to a minimum .the eect of the recoil upon'the shoulder of the operator of the gun. A special arrangement of buffer suitable forthe accomplishment of that object is shown in Figs. 19, 20, and 2l. consists of a plate '42, of steelI or other suitable metal, suiciently thin to be iiexible and suitably shaped to bear'properly against the'shoulder of the operator. At both ends the said plate carries a boss 43, in which is drilled ahole forv the passage of a pin 44, connecting the said yss plate to the shoulder-piece Jij In order that theplate may yield under thepressure'exerted by the recoil, either one or both the holes for the passage of the pins 33 are enlarged, as is shown in dott-ed lines in Figs. 19 and 21.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-' 1. The means for controlling the pressure of the powder-gas uponthe motor-piston inV automatic guns of the character described, which consists in providing a speed-regulating expansion-chamber of adjustable cubic'al contents connected with the bore'of the b'arrel and with the cylinder of the motor-piston, substantially as described. f7

2. The means for' controlling the pressure of the powder-gas upon the motor-.piston in automatic guns of the character described, which consists-in providinga speed-regula@ ing expansion-chamber of adj ustable'cnbical contents connected with the 'bore ofthe barrel and with the cylinder of the motor-piston,

with means for adj usting said chamber to any` desired capacity, substantially as described.

3. The means for controlling the pressure This arrangement v .of the powder-gas upon the lnotor-piston-in automatic guns of the character described, which consists in providing an expansionchamber of adjustable cubical contentsconnected with the bore of -the barrel and with the cylinder offthe' motor-piston, withmeans for adjusting said chamber to any desired capacity, and means for locking said vchamber at the desired adjustment, substantially as described. v Y

4. 4In a breech-loading gun', the combina- `tion, with .the barrel B, cylinder 0,. motorpiston D and canal C connecting the barrel to the cylinder, of a chainbered head2, atubnlar portion 4, an adjustable rod having an obturated ring 7 and means for operating the "said, adjustable rod, substantially as and for the purpose set'forth.

5. In a breech-l adilrg gun, the combination, with a barrel cylind erC, motor-piston D and canal C connectingthe -barrel to the cylinder, of a chamber'edl head 2, a tubularportion 4, an adjustable rod 5, having an obturating-ring 7 means'for operating the ad justable rods 5, and means for ascertaining and determining at will thez'capacity of the variable chamber 3,' substantially as and for they purpose set forth. .Y

6. In a breech-loading gun, theeombinai tion, with a'barrel- B, cylinder C, motor-piston D. and canal C' connecting the barrel. to the cylinder, of a'chambered head` l2,a'tubu'l'ar portion 4, an adjustable rod 5.havingan obroo turating-ring 7, means 'for operatingY the ad# justable rod- 51neans for:ascertainingA and determining'at will the capacityof the variable chamber 3, and means forlocking the adjustable rod 5 when once the capacity of f the chamber 3 has been adjusted, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a .breech-loading gun, the combina-A tion, with the barrel B, cylinder C, motor-piston D and canal C' connecting the Aloarrelio the cylinder, of a chambered head 2, a-tllbllc..

lar portion 4, 4an adjustablerod 5, h aving an termining at willthecapacit-y of .the variable chamber 3, and a spring-latch 10, provided position, substantially as described.

bination with a speedfregulating'expansionobturating-ring 7me'ans for operating the adi justablerod 5, means for vascertaining and de? with nose 1l engaging a slot in the said tubular l portion 4 andlocking therod 5 in the desired 8. In an automatic-machinegun, the com#` Y chamber of adjustable cnbical4 contents c'on'ectedwith the bore off the barrel, of a motor-piston provided'fwith a head projecting into said chamber, and a cylinder i'nclosing thefpiston head 'and the v'parts contiguous' thereto, agas-check ring loosely fitting onfsaid pistonand snugly tting in said cylinder in the rear of said head, the head lapping over the innery circumference of-'saidgas-check ring, whereby the gas-check and piston-head form a tight packing for the said piston with-` out affecting the axial alinement ofthe pise tease@ ton, substantially as and for ihe'purposes deoted-on an axis 17, in the guard A4, a toe 18 a tank D4t on the piston, and means for lock- 'ing the lever 17 in position when not in use,

substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In a gun of the character described, the combination with a motor-piston, of auxiliary meansfor movin g the same, comprising a pivoted toe adapted to engage the motor-piston but normally out of engagement therewith and a lever operating said toe, substantially as described. q v

12. In a gun of the character described, the combination with the motor-piston provided with recess 25, chamber 24, notch 28, and Adovetail arc shaped overhanging li surrounding opposite ends of said cham er 24, `and concentric with said recess 25, of the trigger-stop' G provided with central dowel 26, dovetailed -edges concentric with said dowel adapted to engage under said lips, and stud 27, adapted to engage in said notch 28, .substantially as and for the purpose described.

13. In a breech-loading gun, the combination, with the. motor-piston D, of 'a stop G having a dow/e126 around which it can rotate in a recess 25 in the motoriston D, the said` trigger-stop being dovetai ed on its sides to engage corresponding undercut sides, in a cavity 24.5 in the motor-piston D, and a stud 28 for stopping the tri gger-stop in proper positrigger?.

tion, substantially as and for the purposefset foithf ,L 14. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with the motor-piston D, providedwith ribs 41, of the breech-block L havinggrooves engagingsaid ribs and having a slot 38 which is widened at 39 for the introduction and free passage of the .ribs 41, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l5. In a gunof the character. described, the

combinationwith the breech-cover and a T- shaped slot therein, of a shoulder-piece provided with a T- haped projection adapted to it in said slot, and a pin transversely mounted in said breech-cover andcnt away at one side and adapted to allowthe said T-shaped projectien to pass into its slot when the iiat side of said pin is presented thereto, but to lock said T-shaped projection when thecurved side of said 'pin is turned into engagement therewith, substantially as described. v l

16.` In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a motor-piston provided with ribs adapted to engage correspondin groovesA 'of the breech-block, of a breech-b,eekI having grooves engaging said ribs and havin a wid ened slot in front of said ribs for t ye .free passage thereof,of the firing-pin traveling in said breech-block and having api-ejection near its heel adapted to engage' between two tangs on the breech-block, substantially as and for the purposes described.. y

In witness whereof We have hereunto set ourfhands, this 3d day of February, 1897, in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

LAURENCE v. BENI.

HENRI A. MERCI'.

Witnesses:

TnEoDoR C. FAVARGER, CHARLES KURER.

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