US586319A - Manufacture of combined metal bodies - Google Patents

Description

(No ModeL) J. PEDDER; MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED METAL BODIES.

Patented July 13, 1897.

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JOI-IN PEDDER, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED METAL BODIES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 586,319, dated July 13, 1897. i

Application filed February 4, 1895. Serial No. 537,210. (No specimens-l To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN PEDDER, a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Combined Metal Bodies; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the formation of combined ingots, blocks, or plates of steels of different carbons or of different metals, its object being to provide a method for forming the same whereby the several plates or layers may be caused to adhere more firmly together and the wrought-metal plates may be caused to adhere firmly to molten metal cast against the same. Its further object is to produce an ingot, block, or plate having outer faces of wrought metalthat is, metal which has been worked and compacted, and from which, if desired, the surface metal containin g imperfections has been previously removed-so that the finished plate, such as an agricultural plate, shall have more perfect surfaces, the usual imperfections on the outer surface of the plate which are found in cast-steel or like metal being done away with.

The usual method of forming combined iron and steel bodies or ingots has been to cast the steel against a wrought-iron or steel slab inserted within an ingotmold and permit it to cool and subsequently to reduce the ingot to plate. In such ingots it is found that the cast metal does not adhere as firmly as desirable to the wrought metal and is very liable to part therefrom when rolled, so that it has been considered necessary to heat the ingot to a high heat and subject it to a hammering operation in order to, as far as possible, cause a more perfect union or adherence between the plates or layers. This operation increases the cost and waste of the metal, and it is found that even after such heating and hammering the parts are liable to separate. During the cooling of the ingot in the mold the shrinkage of the cast-steel or other metal causes it to draw away from the inserted plate, and if that permits the entrance of the air the surface becomes oxidized, which prevents any firm union between the plate and the cast metal, even though it is so heated and hammered, and as is practically always the case the steel cast against the inserted plate contains blow-holes and other imperfections and is liable to pipe, and if any such surfaces are exposed to the atmosphere they do not unite on account of the oxidation thereof. The usual way of forming agricultural plates has been to cast the steel around the slab inserted, the high-carbon steel so cast forming the outer wearing-surface, while .the inserted slab gives the strength to the finished plate, and such imperfections were therefore liable to appear in the outer faces of the finished plate formed from the ingot. By my invent-ion I am enabled to produce plates having more perfect outer surfaces, to utilize for that purpose plates which have been worked, so as to compact the same and from which, if desired, the surface metal containing imperfections has been removed.

My invention consists, generally stated, in producing combined wrought-metal and caststeel bodies by casting the molten steel between two or more wrought-metal plates and while the steel is in a molten or plastic condition compressing the same by forcing such metal plates toward each other, so as to form the outer surfaces of the finished ingot, plate, or block of wroughtmetal plates and to cause the firm and permanent union between the inner cast-metal and outer wrought-metal plates.

It also consists in certain other improvements in the method practiced and apparatus employed and the ingot, block, or plate produced, as will be hereinafter set forth and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to employ my invention, I will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure lis a vertical section of a mold, illustrating the form of ingot or block. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1, before the molten metal has been poured. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the ingot or block produced. Fig. 4 is a top view of a mold, illustrating the formation of ingots or blocks, having two outer, plate-metal layers and a central layer of cast-steel. Fig. 5 is a View ICE illustrated in the drawings, however, is well I adapted for the purpose, and I will describe the same.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 I have illustrated the formation of blocks having five layers of metal, a being the bed-plate, from which the end confining-walls b c extend upwardly. The wrought-metal plates are inserted be-;

tween these end walls, their ends contacting with the walls, or, as may be found desirable in some cases, spring or like operated pressing-plates are provided to contact with one of the edges of each plate, and for this purpose I may employ spring-operated, plates f, as shown in Fig. 2, or I may employ plates adjusted by screws, as shown in Fig. 4, em-

ploying separate adjustable plates for each plate inserted or a single one fortwo ormore plates. One of the end walls of the mold apparatus may also be made adjustable, as indicated in Fig. l, and for many purposes this is all that is necessary when the plates are accurately rolled to width. To apply side pressure to compress the plastic or molten metal, I may either employ pressing-blocks or ram-faces d a, one or both of which can be movable as desirable, the drawings showing both the plates movable in Figs. 1 and 2 and one such plate movable in Fig. 4. These pressing-blocks or ram-faces can be operated by any suitable mechanism, such as by means of pressure-cylinders d 6 the piston-rods d e of which act upon the ram-faces cl 6.

In forming an ingot or block having several layers of metal I insert in the apparatus suitable wrought-metal plates, such as the plates g g g which plates have been first pickled or otherwise deoxidized, so that the molten steel will adhere more perfectly thereto. The molten metal is teemed between these plates, being preferably teemed between two of the plates and the bed-plate at, having a depression therein to permit the metal to flow around the central plate and rise on the other side thereof. The metal is either teemed to the top of the plates, in which case it may flow off through a spout on one end wall when pressure is applied, or it is teemed to about such height as will bring it to the top of the plates after the side pressure is applied. \Vhile the metal is either in a molten state or after it has become plastic, side pressure is applied thereto through the pressing-blocks (Z c, which are caused to approach each other, so applying pressure to the metal confined between the outer plates and forcing the metal into immediate contact with the inner faces of the outer plates and with the central plate, which action compresses the cast metal, forein g out any gases contained therein and closing up any blow-holes or piping of the metal, and brings the cast metal into such intimate contact with the inserted plates as to unite them firmly thereto. The compression so applied to the ingot or block while the cast metal is still plastic causes a firm union between the plates and such cast metal, and such union as will overcome the necessity of subsequent reheating and hammering of the block before it is rolled. The pressure is continued until a layer of cast metal of the desired thickness between the plates is obtained, and the surplus metal, if there is any, can flow off through a suitable spout s in one end wall.

The pressure may be continued until the plates are brought into practical contact, and in that case the molten metal simply acts as sealing material between the plates. When the invention is so practiced, I generally employ wrought-metal plates of different carbon or different materials, such as hard and soft steel plates or steel and iron plates.

If desired, instead of applying the pressure while the ingot or block remains in the mold, as the edges of the body of cast-steel or other metal will become chilled more rapidly than the interior, while the said metal still continues sufficiently plastic to cause the particles to move over each other under pressure and obtain the desired action above described, the ingot is removed from the mold and without heating is subjected to pressure under a press or hammer, though I prefer to apply the pressure while the ingot remains within the mold. This is illustrated in Fig. 5, in which if is the hammer or press, the ingot resting on the anvil t, the hammer or press being operated by steam or other power' to exert the necessary force for compressing the combined in got.

' In employing the molds shown in Fig. 411116 operation is practically the same, but as but essary to force one toward the other, and therefore but one of the side blocks 61 8., sustaining the inserted plates, is made movable.

In the forming of ingots or blocks,when it is desired to form agricultural plates, such plates requiring a very perfect surface free from imperfections which lead to the unequal wear of the surface of the plate, the outer face of one or both the outer plates inserted within the mold may have removed therefrom the surface metal thereof, which contains the imperfections present in any steel plate, (arising from pin-holes and blow-holes in the ingot from which it was formed,) so that the outer or wearing surface of the ingot or block and the plate formed therefrom is formed of a plate from which the usual imperfections on the surface of such a plate have been removed, and therefore a practically perfect outer wearing-surface on the block or plate formed therefrom be obtained.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated ablock formed in the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 1 1o two outer plates are employed it is only necnamely, an ingot or block having several layers of metal having the outer and central layers of wrought metal and the intermediate layers of cast metal-and in Fig. 6 I have illustrated a block such as would be formed in the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4, the said block illustrating the outer wrought-metal plates and the inner body of cast metal.

For the formation of safe, vault, or armor plate, where a body of fixed thickness is desired and where it is not desired to roll the body after it is formed, the large plates required for the outer surfaces may be first rolled and brought to the desired shape, and then byinserting within the apparatus, such as in Fig. &, and the steel teemed between the plates and the plates pressed toward each other until a block or plate of the exact thickness required is obtained, when pressure is removed and the plate permitted to cool. In this way large safe-plates or armor-plates can be economically produced having the desired metal of any degree of hardness or carbon either in the interior or exterior of the plate.

In the making of blocks or plates according to the invention,where the outer surfaces are formed of wrought metal, these plates can be made of any desired carbon, such as for agricultural plates of high carbon, and the plates themselves properly examined before the making of the blocks, and a steel of proper carbon, such as a low-carbon steel, employed to form the inner layer, and in this Way a block having an absolutelyperfect outer surface and one of the exact carbon desired can be obtained, and even if imperfections exist in the metal cast between the plates it will not affect the finished block or the rolled plate produced therefrom. The ingot is also produced with the several layers of metal flush with each other at the edges, and on account of the pressure applied While the metal is in a molten or plastic state all fear of oxidation at the edges of the layers is prevented and a practically permanent union of the metal along the edges is obtained.

The finished ingot requires no special heating and hammering, but can simply be reheated and rolled to the desired width and thickness, so largely reducing the cost of making plates containing layers of different metals.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described method of producing combined wrought-metal and cast-steel bodies consisting in casting molten steel between two or more wrought-metal plates, and while the steel is in a molten or plastic condition compressing the same by forcing such metal plates toward each other, and thereby causing a permanent union between the plates and layer of cast-steel, substantially as set forth.

2. The herein-described method of producing combined wrought-metal and cast-steel bodies consisting in casting the molten steel between wrought-metal plates and confining the end portions between end walls andwhile the steel is so confined forcing the plates toward each other, and so compressing the cast metal while in a molten or plastic condition and when confined by the end walls and thereby causing a permanent union between the plates and layer of cast-steel, substantially as set forth.

3. The herein-described method of producing combined wrought-metal and cast-steel bodies having outer and central layers of wrought metal and intermediate layers of cast-steel, consisting of casting the molten steel between the outer metal plates and on each side of the central metal plate and when the cast-steel is in a molten or plasticcondition compressing the same by forcing the outer metal plates toward the central metal plate, and thereby causing a permanent union between the plates and layer of caststeel, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said JOHN PED DER, have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN PEDDER.

\Vitnesses:

JAMES I. KAY, ROBERT C. TO'lTEN.

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