US58346A - Improvement in forge-furnaces - Google Patents

Description

HOT CHKISS & SHATTUCK.

Refining Iron and Steel.

No. 58,346. Patented Sept. 25, 1866.

N4 PETERS, FhnRu-Llhugnplwr, Washingium D. Q

UNITED- STATES PATENTOFFIGE.

BENNET HOTCHKISS, OF NEW HAVEN, AND HENRY SHATTU'CK, OFVHA'M- DEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO BENNET HO'lCHKlSS.V

IM PROVEM-ENT IN FO RG E-FU RNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 58,346, dated September 25, 1866.v

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that we, BENNET llogrcnirrss, of'New Haven, and HENRY SHATTUCK, of Hamden, both in' the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain ,new and useful m'provements'in Fur naces for Heating Metal; and we do hereby declare'the following, when taken in icon-nection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference` marked thereon',` to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings #constitute part of this` specification, and represeli?, in4

Figure 1, a`side elevation. Fig. 21's a plan. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal and`vertical section on a line in the rear of the frontwall. r

Qur invention has reference .tothe following particulars, which are intended to adaptthe heatingfurna'ce for general use in blacksmithshops and in establishments where metals are worked: First, in combining together the or` dinary forge with a reverberatory furnace, the heat of the latter being derived'from the same fire which is employed in the furnace; second, in a better means for cooling the furnacedoors to Vprevent the injurious elfe-cts of heat upon them by the use of a'current of air, which may also, after it has performed this oiiice, be

lused for accelerating the fire-draft; third, in

interposing between the'workman and the fire, when the furnace-door sopened, an air-blast to keep the Haine and gases back from the face of the workman fourth, in employing the waste heat for raising the temperature of a body of waterandapplying the vapor to stimulate 'combustion 'in the furnace; and, finally, lfifth, in 'employing the4 same waste i heat, in the courseof its exit tothe chimney,

to raise the temperature of a bodyof air surrounding the smoke-flue, andinapplying vthe same for increasing the iiredraft.

. In the accompanying drawings, B represents the forge or furnace, of well-known construction,- 'provided withgrate-bars a a a, and with a chute, B,through which the coals are introduced. With this furnaceis combined a second chamber, C, separated from t-he first bya transverse partition, Ij. This partition should be of sufficient height to confine the coals within the gratessurface, but should not be. so high as to obstruct the iiames from pass- Vresult of this combinatiori of these two classes of, furnaces, the-same fire which, bydirect action is made to heat metals in the first chamber, is, by ythe reverberatory principle, made valso available in the second chamber; and this second chamber can, if desired, be as readily constructed with a dome or arched roof, for better reliecting' :the heat, as with the tlat roof shown. 1 v A VlEach of the furnace-chambers 1s providedv withea door, E E', operated by a lever and trea'dle in the usual way. We have introduced, however,- an improvement inthe method of preventing them from becomingunduly heatedwhich is as follows: rIhe doors are madewith outer and inner plates, `between which is an air-space. An air-blast is introduced into this space by means of the nozzle which may be connected by a iiexible tube with asuitable bellows for the purpose. An

aperture in the edge )feachv doorallows the space between the outer and inner plates to communica-te with an opening under the gratebars bymeans of channels appropriate to each'door, made for thepurpose in a' projecting vertical piece, G, upon the fi'irnaeefront,

the edges of which projecting piece also furnish one of the two guides to' each door, lateral open-ings 'bein-g made in the same, conimunicatin g with the vertical channels and corresponding with t-he lateral openings in the edges of the doors, so that the blast, after it has performed its office of cooling the doors, is conducted under the fire ,to increase the draft. y Y

' VVe'deem it advisable, also, (though a good 'effect may-be produced by constructing the doors with simple double plates and an intervening air-space, as described,) to .interpose between the outer and inner pla-tes ofthe doors a wall of plaster-of-paris, soap-stone, or other non-conductor of heat,- leaving air-spaces between each side of the same and the door plates,'for the circulation of the blast` of air which is to be introduced. This arrangement will in'snre a greater degree ofdurability to the .doors`, and need not at all interfere with the arrangement described for conducting theblast .underneath the grate-bars.

A similar and perhaps as useful effect, with- -ont' the aid of a blast, can be produced by making the doors of simply an outer and inner metallic shield or plate, separated from each other the usual vdistance'by stud-bolts,-the outer plate being perforated with holes sufficient in number and size to allow the outside air to enter, and, after cooling the plates, be drawn, by the method already describcd,into the furnace.

-In this latter arrangement it will be necessary to have a chimney of suflicient height to cause a draft powerful enough -for the purpose, and then, in addition to the principal effect designed, there will be the incidental advantage obtained ot' a means lfor 'Ventilating the atmosphere ofthe room.

lsuitable and convenient means, is connected with an air-blast. i This pipe has a longitudinal slit cut in one side, which is covered, when the blast is not required, by the sleeve H', f1tted to turn on the pipe H. This sleeve has also a similar slit cut inuits side, so that when the sleeve is turned on the pipe far enough to cause. the two slits to correspond a blast of air will be directed against the furnace-door.

This device is, in effect, an ordinary stop-v cock, and may be variously arranged to let on or cut off the lilast, as desired and while the device itself is well known, ythe application of it for the purposes described is both novel and useful.

It has already been stated that the aperture b in the reverberatorychamberis intended for the escape of the smoke and gases generated by the combustion of the fuel in the furnace A. Inasmuchas al considerable amount' of heat will also at the same time pass off, it is desirableto utilize the saine as much as possible. Y f

The aperture l is connected by a smoke-pipe, I', with the iue J', arranged, by'preference, beneath the surface of the ground and leading to the chimney.y This smoke-pipel is surrounded" by a close cistern, K, partially filled with water. There is a pipe,` d, near the top of this cistern, above the water-line, leading to a point underneath the grate-bars, through Which the vapor from the water, as the temperature of the `latter is raised by the heat from the smokel pipe I, Will be permitted to pass intothe furnace and stimulate combustion.

We also, for the purpose of further augmentling the. draft automatically, surround the ground-ilue..l' with a jacket or second pipe, L, between which and the outside of the flue-pipe is an air-space. It is evident' that the air in this surrounding space will soon become ofthe same temperature, or nearly so, as the metal which composes the smoke-flue. This heated air is also discharged underneath the gratebars by means of v,a pipe, e,- conveniently arranged, a constant circulation being maintained by means of a supply of col air, which isadmitted into the vspace through suitable' openings made -for the purpose, and communicating in any.convenient-way with the atmosphere.

Instead of surrounding the flue completely with the airchamberthe sameeffect iny kind, thoughl less indegree, will be produced by par- 'tially surrounding it with such chamber-as,

tor instance, where the cross-section of the flue is rectangular instead of circular, the au chamber may be arranged along the'top or one or more of its sides.

We do not mean to limit 'ourselves to the precise construction and arrangement'of the several parts asdescribed, but mean to include all mere variations of form, structure, and arrangement accomplishing the same ef- .fect by substantially equivalent means' What iveclaim as our` invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Combining a forge, A,'Witl1v a reverberatory furnace, C, in themanner substantially as described, for the purpose' specified.

2. Applying a current of air, whether set in motion by an artificial blast or by the chimney-draft, to cool the furnace-doors and to furnish a draft to the fire, in the manner subas described, with the furnace A, for the purpose of converting intol vapor a body of Water by the waste heat of the furnace, and applying such vapor to stimulate combustion, substantially asset forth.

5. Combining with the escape-fine J a space,

L, for the circulation of air, and connecting the same with the furnace for-aiding the draft of Y the iire, substantially as described.

BENNET HOTCHKISS. HENRY SHATTUOK.

Witnesses:

J oHN E. EARLE, J oHN W. SHUMWAY.

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