US576318A - And alois klose - Google Patents

Description

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8u A. KLO'SE.'u

BRICK KILN.

Pategbnted eb. 2, 1897?.

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BRICK KILN.

C. 8v A. KLOSE.

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nted Peb. 2, 1897.

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, NTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES KLOSE, OF DONIPHAN, NEBRASKA,`AND ALOIS KLOSE, OF ROBE- SONIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BRICK-MLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 576,318, dated February 2, 1897. Application filed February 27, 1896. Serial No. 581,048. (No model.)

fo tu trito/2t t may, concern;

Be it known that we, CHARLES KLOSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Doniphan, in the county of Hall and State of Nef braska, andALoIs KLOSE, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Robesonia, in the county of Berks and State ofV Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns, of which the fol- 1o lowing is a speciiication.

This invention has reference to certain improvements in brick-kilns oi" that class which are based on the principle of a continuons downdraft and in which a continuous working is obtained by the successive charging, drying, burning, cooling, and renewing of thc bricks in a number of adjacent chambers, so that the burning of the bricks is accelerated and a considerable Savin g of time, fuel, and

zo labor obtained.

Ourinvention consists of a brick-kiln which comprises a series of chambers separated by register-vaults, said chambers being charged from one end in the usual manner and pro- 2 5 vided with arched crowns having transverse openings and with floors having rows of apertures communicating with longitudinal bottom flues extending below the different chambers. Above the register-vaults and in line 3o with the crown-openings of the arched chambers are arranged transverse draft-fines having fire-brick combustion-floors, said transverse flues being charged with fuel as required by the progress of the brick-burning 3 5 operation. The transverse draft- Iiues are connected with each other by longitudinal caloriducts, which communicate with the crownopenings and are provided with charg- Aing-openings in their crowns, which openings are closed by caps fitting over said openings.

The transverse draft-nues are closed at one end by doors for giving access to said channels, while the oppositeend is connected by means of crown-openin gs with the main smoke-flue, that extends over said draft-fines,

` the openings in the smoke-flue being opened or closed by means of dampers the rods of `which pass through the crown of the smokeilue and are operated from the outside of the 5o same. Vertically above the centers of the openin gs in the crown-openin gs of the indivi dual chambers peep-holes and lids for covering them are arranged in top of the kilns, so

as to observe the progress of the burning operation. Registers are arranged in the longitudinal bottom flues of lthe kiln, which registers are operated from the transverse registervaults, in which are arranged fuel-openf ings provided with thimbles and covers for y dropping thefuel into-the bottom fines for 6o bottom firing. Dampers are arranged near each draft-fine in the longitudinal caloriducts for regulating thereby the draft through the different chambers of the kiln, as required for drying, burning, and cooling of the bricks.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a side elevation of the kiln with six chambers. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same ou line 2 2, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a plan view, partly in horizontal sec- 7o tion, on line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. llis also a horizontal section through the lower part of the kiln, taken on line fi 4, Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of a portion of the kiln, taken on the same line as Fig. 2, but drawn on a larger scale; and Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical transverse sections drawn on a larger scale and taken on lines 6 C and 7 7, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corre- '8o spondingparts.

Our improved brick-kiln with continuous downdraft can be arranged with any number of chambers, it being preferably made in the general shape of an oblong in one or two rows, 8 5 so that a continuous firing can be carried on in regular succession through the different chambers of the kiln. In the drawings a series of six chambers are shown; but it is obvious that this number may be increased or 9c decreased at will, according to the required capacity of the plant.

The diiferent chambers A of 4the kiln. are provided with arched crowns and ioors having rows of openings a', which communicate 95 with bottom lues Z7 b below the floors, said lues extending longitudinally throughout the entire length ofthe kiln. The arched crowns of the individual chambers A are provided with transverse openings d, which are ar- 10o ranged in line with parallel longitudinal caloriducts e, communicating with the same.

l peep-hole a2, which is provided with the usual thimble and lid, so that the progress of the burning operation can be readily observed in the different chambers of the kiln. Between the chambers A are arranged partition-walls of a sufficient strength for imparting the required stability to the entire kiln without the use of tie-rods, said partition-walls being provided with transverse arched register-vaults C, which are open at one end and closed at the opposite end. They serve for the purpose of giving access to the rods of the registers b', which are arranged in the bottom fines h and by which the draft from one chamber to the other is controlled. ln the floor of the register-vaults C are further arranged fuel-openings bz, provided with. thimbles and lids, so as to permit the charging of fuel into the longitudinal bottom tiues b in case bottom firing should be necessary during the burning operation, according to the kind and quality of the bricks to be produced. The main advantage of the bottom fires is that they increase the hardness of the bricks in the lower courses. The bottom flues b can be readily cleaned of the ashes in the same by taking out seme of the floor-bricks of t-he chambers A and removing the ashes by raking or shov eling, after which the licor-bricks are replaced.

Vertically above the register-vaults C are arranged arched transverse flues D, which are provided at one end with hinged doors d and connected at the opposite ends with openings d in the crown of the fiues, which openings communicate with an arched smoke-flue F, which extends longitudinally along one side of the kiln above the ends of the transverse flues D and communicates with the smoke-stack S, which is arranged at one end of the kiln. The draft-openings d are closed by dam pers orbell-valvesf, which are raised o" lowered by damper-rods f', that extend through the crown of the main smoke-flue F and are provided with handles at their upper ends. The transverse fiues D are connected with the crown-epenin gs a of the chambers A by longitudinal caloriducts e, which are separated from each other by intermediate walls, as shown clearly on the right-hand side of Fi The transverse d raft-li ues D are also used as firingchambers in the successive burnin of the bricks in thevarious chambers, for which purpose they are charged with fuel through openin gs d2, provided with thimbles and lids, said fuel-openings being located in the crown of the arched flues D. The fuel thus charged into said flues is burned on the firebrick floor of the draftefiues above the trans1 verse flues D, it being instantly ignited as soon as the highly-heated gases drawn from the chamber in which the last charge of bricks has been burned are passed over the fuel, while the air necessary for combustion is drawn in through the ash-pits of fireplaces E, located at the end of the kiln. The products of combustion are drawn through the crownopenin gs a of the adjacent chamber A in downward direction and through the openin gs in the floor into the bottom flues h b, the separating-register h being opened so that the hot gases can pass in upward direction through the floor-openings of the next chamber and through the crown-openings CL to the caloriducts e, then through the transverse fiue D and smoke-flue F to the smoke-stacks. From the fioor cf each of the transverse fiues D extend inclined ash-chutes g into the registervaults C, so that the ashes can be readily dropped into an ash-barrel in the latter for removal. rlhe lower end of the ash-chutes g can be readily closed by means of paper or pasteboard, which is held in position by the suction exerted on the same. In each caloriduct c is located at one side 0f the transverse flues D a register c, the rods e2 of' which are passed through the top of the kiln, said registers being raised er lowered as required by the draft to be produced during the successive firing of the bricks in the different chambers.

At the end of the kiln are arranged as many fireplaces E as there are caloriducts e, which fireplaces serve for the purpose of firing the charge in the first chamber A. Willen the charge in the first chamber A is burned, the firing is interrupted in the fireplaces and all the firing of the charges in the remaining chambers is accomplished in the transverse tiues D by the fuel dropped into the same through the fuel-openings of the same. By the fires in the transverse flues D the continuous downdraft which was first supplied for the first chamberfrom the fireplaces E is kept up in succession through one chamber after the other, while the supply of air necessary for combustion is supplied through the fireplaces and drawn through the caloriducts over the top of the chambers to the chamber in which the firing is in progress. The air, while being drawn through the caloriducts, is heated by contact with the het walls of said ducts and produces thereby the coinplete combustion of the fuel. The heat emitted from the chambers over which the air passes in its course te the fires also assists in heating the air. At the opposite end of the kiln vertical channels e3 connect the longitudinal bottom fl ues i) h with a transverse draft-liuc D, which is connected in the same manner with the main smoke-flue as the other draft-fines D. Vhen a second row or battery of chambers is arranged alongside of the first row, then the end chambers of the first row IOO IIO

are connected directly with the adjacent end chambers of the second row, so that the firing can be continued along said row until the last chamber of the second row can be connected with the first chamber of the first row, so that thereby the continuous firing of the kiln can be kept up.

Our improved brick-kiln is operated as follows: Before the fire is started in the fireplaces at the end of the kiln the first and second chambers of the same are charged with green bricks. The chargingbpenings in the side wall or walls are then closed in the usual manner. The fires are then started in the fireplaces E at the end of the kiln, and the charge of bricks in the first chamber is subjected to the action of the fires, the first set of registers e in the caloriducts c being closed and the first set of registers b in the bottom lues opened. The heat is drawn through the charge and then conducted through the Hoor-openings and bottom channels to the second chamber, and then in upward direction through the charge in the second chamber, and then through the crown-openings of this chamber and the next transverse draft-flue D into the smoke-stack, the next set of registers e being likewise closed and the correspending valves or dampers f in the smokeflue opened, so as to produce the proper course of the draft. The charge inthe second chamber A is heated by the surplus heat from the first chamber. In addition thereto .some of the other chambers can be charged with green bricks, and the heated products of combustion drawn' successively through the same, so as to produce in the third chamber the warming of the brick and in the fourth chamber the so-called drying or wate1`smoking of the same. Then the bricks in the first chamber are burned, the charge in the second chamber is at red heat, the burning being then completed by the fires started in the first draft-fine D, the hot products of combustion being drawn from said fires in a downdraft through the charge in the second chamber, while the supply of air necessary for combust-ion is drawn in through the fireplaces at the end of the kiln. The products of combustion from the top fires, after having been passed through the charge, are then drawn through the Hoor-openings and bottom YIiue into the next chamber in upward direction through the same, then in downward directiou again to the third chamber, and so on, so that the heat of the 'fires is fully utilized. The products of combustion are finally drawn off through one of the transverse fines D and the smoke-flue to the chimney. During the burning of the charge in the second chamber the heat given off by the burned charge in the first chamber is drawn off and utilized in heating up the air drawn in through the fireplaces E and the charges in the successive chambers, so that all the heat from a charge of burned bricks in one chamber is utilized. The burned bricks in the first chamber are permitted to remainl in the same until they have cooled off, when they are removed from the same. One chamber after the other is thus fired in succession by the top firing, so that the final firin g of the charge of bricks is always produced by a continuous downdraft. In a similar manner the fires are started in the bottom channels, so that thereby the uniform burning of the bricks in the lower courses of the next adjacent chamber is obtained. By the action of the top fires on the charge of bricks in one chamber and the action of the bottom fires on the lower courses of the charge in the next following chamber the uniform burning of all the courses of bricks in each chamber can be produced, while by the action of top firing alone the lower courses, and especially the bricks in the lower courses of the chamber, would not be as uniformly burned as the bricks in the upper courses. The bottom firing consequently forms an important auxiliary to the top firing, as it gives thereby full control over the entire charge of bricks in each chamber and produces a uniform product. The essential feature of our improved brickkiln conists in the arrangement of the transverse draft-fines D, so that top firing with downdraft through the individual chambers can be successfully carried out. The top 'iirlA ing, supplemented by the bottom firing for the next adjacent chambers and the utilization of the heat of the products of combustion in the. various chambers of the kiln, furnish a number of advantages, namely:

First. A uniform quality of bricks is obtained by the successive top and bottom firing applied to one chamber after the other until fully utilized in effective work.

Second. By the continuous working of the kiln from chamber to chamber no interruption in the burning takes place, so that a larger quantity of bricks can be made by a plant, the charging with green bricks taking place in one chamber, the drying in thesecond, the ring in the third, the cooling in a fourth, the removing of the cooled-off brick from the fifth chamber, and so on, so that nearly all the chambers are in operation.

Third. Owing to the almost complete utilization of the heat of the fuel and the heating up of the air required for combustion in its way to the fires a considerable saving in fuel is obtained, while owing to the location of the fires above and below the chambers comparatively less fuel is required for burning the bricks, as the heat of the fuel and of the burned bricks is utilized in kiln-drying and burning the bricks in the adjacent chambers.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination of a series of arched chambers, each chamber being provided with crown-openings and Hoor-openings, longitudinal bottom flues connecting the floor-openings of the different chambers, longitudinal calori- IOO IIO

ducts extending above the crowns of said chambers and communicating therewith through said crown-openings, register-vaults between said chambers provided with fuelopenings at the bottom for use in bottom iring, said openings establishing communication with the longitudinal bottom fines, transverse draft-fines located above the register-vaults, a main smoke-flue extending along the rear ends of the transverse draftfines, and dampers connecting said transverse draft-fines with the main smoke-flue, substantiallvv7 as set forth.

2. The combination of a series of chambers, provided with crown-openings and rows of 4floor-openings, register-vaults located between said chambers, and provided with fuelopenings and registers alongside of said fuelopenings, longitudinal caloriducts extending above the crowns of said chambers, registers in said caloriducts, transverse draft-fines located above the register-vaults and provided with fuel-openings, and ash-chutes extending from the caloridncts into the register-vaults, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a series of chambers, having crownopenings and rows of flooropenings, longitudinal bottom flues connecting the floors of the chambers, register-vaults between said chambers, longitudinal caloriducts extending above the crowns of the chambers, transverse draft-nues located above said register-vaults, the bottom fines and the transverse draft-flues being provided with fuel-openings for permitting the starting of top and bottom fires, substantially as set forth.

4. rlhe combination of a series of chambers, having crown-openings and rows of flooropenings, replaces arranged at one end of the kiln, longitudinal caloriducts connected with said fireplaces and\ extending over the crowns of said chambers, registers in. said caloridncts, transverse draft-fines arranged intermediately between the crowns of the chambers and provided with top fuel-openings, fuel-openings in the floors of the register-vaults, longitudinal bottom flues below the floors of the chambers, registers in said bottom flues, a smoke-flue extending along one end of the transverse draft-fines, and dampers for opening or closing the openings connecting the draft-fines with the smokelue, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signed our names in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES KLOSE. ALOIS KLOSE. lllitiiesses:

PAUL GoEPnL, GEO. W. JAnKnL.

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