US576264A - James dick gilmour - Google Patents
James dick gilmour Download PDFInfo
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- US576264A US576264A US576264DA US576264A US 576264 A US576264 A US 576264A US 576264D A US576264D A US 576264DA US 576264 A US576264 A US 576264A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cyanid
- vessel
- solution
- carbon
- gilmour
- Prior art date
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- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 38
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanogen Chemical class N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008602 Eucalyptus cornuta Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000002370 ICC Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000658540 Ora Species 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000212342 Sium Species 0.000 description 2
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L Strontium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QFKJCKFAYFUXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ba] QFKJCKFAYFUXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 potassium sodium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/002—Synthesis of metal cyanides or metal cyanamides from elementary nitrogen and carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5611—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on titanium carbides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Description
(No Model I J. D. GILMOUR.
PROCESS OF MAKING UYANIDS.
v No, 576,264. v Patented Feb 2, 1897:.
NITED STATES PATENT ()FrIcE..
JAMES DICK GILMOUR, OF GLASGOTV, SCOTLAND.
PROCESS OF MAKING CYANIDS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 576,264, dated February 2, 1897.
Application filed October 9, 1893. serial No. 487,631. (No specimens.) Patented in England December 81,1892, No. 24,116.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, J AMES DICK GILMOUR, of Glasgow, Scotland, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Cyanids and Cyanogen Compounds, (patented in Great Britain December 31, 1892, No. 24,116,) of which the following is a specification.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a diagrammatic plan, of an apparatus or plant which I prefer to employ in carrying out my invention.
In said drawings, A represents a retort or vessel heated from without and in which the raw material (carbon and alkaline carbon ate) are heated by means of a furnace A.
B represents a cooling-chamber into which the hot material from the retort A is conveyed by a screw conveyer b.
0 represents a truck employed to convey the material from the chamber B to a platform C, which is arranged above a lixiviating-tank D, which is provided with a filter or false bottom.
D is a tank in which the liquor which passes through the tank 1) may be collected.
E is a still connected by a pipe c with an absorbing tank or vessel L.
F represents a furnace in which is produced carbon dioxid, and connected with the still E by a pipe 2.
g is a condensing-worm situated in a cooling-tank G and connected with the still, and through which the vapors from the still pass.
G is a receiver into which the products of condensation from the said condensing-worm pass.
H is a jacketed still or vessel heated from without, as by means of steam from a boiler T, conveyed to the jacket of the said still through a pipe U. A pipe 3 connects the receiving-vessel G with the still H.
J indicates a series of condensers connected by pipes 4 with the still H and by a pipe 6 with a receiver K, the products from condensation from said condensers passing through this pipe into the receiver K.
K represents an inverted bell or tank, the open end of which is immersed in the liquid contained in the receiver K.
The absorber L is connected by a pipe 5 with the upper portion of the receiver G, and
in turn its upper portion is connected by a R represents a truck into which the mate-' rial passing through the chute may bedelivered, the truck being lifted by the elevator S onto a platform S, so that its contents may be discharged into the retort A.
V represents the chimney-stack.
In carrying out my invention I make a mixture of about equal parts of carbon or carbonaceous matter (preferably wood, 1'. a, sawdust or wood-charcoal) and an alkaline hydrate or carbonate, or alkaline earth, that is to say, potassium sodium, calcium, strontium or barium hydrate or carbonate, ora
mixture of any of these, but preferably potas-.
sium carbonate. The quantities may be varied from one part of the carbonate or hydrate ofthe above metals to two parts of the carbon, or vice versa. This mixture is heated in suitable vessels to about 1,000 centigrade, but this may vary, and a current of atmospheric nitrogen, more or less deprived of free and combined oxygen, is passed over or through the mixture until the said mixture is more or less converted into a cyanid. The vessel is emptied and the contents cooled and lixiviated with water when the cyanid comes into solution. A current of carbon dioxid is then passed through the solution, preferably at a boiling temperature, when hydrocyanic acid. distils off and is condensed by means of a suitable coil and drops into a suitable receiver, after which it is rectified or concentrated and added to a strong solution of caustic soda, when sodium cyanid crystallizes out, or it may be added to a strong solution of caustic potash, when potassium cyanid crystallizes out. The carbon dioxid for the displacement of the hydrocyanic acid is obtained by the combustion of carbon with atmospheric air, the carbon dioxid being absorbed or combined according to the equation CO +II O+2KCL EZHCN-l- K CO The remaining nitrogen passes to the retort to form cyanid with a fresh quantity of the aforesaid mixture. lVhen all the cyanid has been displaced by the carbon dioxid as hydrocyanic acid, the solution of po tassium carbonate is then evaporated to dryness and used in a fresh operation in the retort. The carbon dioxid is obtained from the combustion of carbon in atmospheric air, which serves three advantageous purposes: first, the air is deoxidized, so that the nitrogen thereof may be used in the retort to treat the first-described mixture; second, the cyanid is changed to hydrocyanic acid, and, third, the regeneration of the alkali.
The manner in which my process is carried out in the apparatus shown in the drawings will now be described. The mixture of carbonaceous material and alkali is heated in the retort or vessel A, through which I pass a current of atmospheric nitrogen. After the cyanid has been formed in the retort, which takes from six to ten hours, it is withdrawn into the cooler B by means of any suitable conveyer, from which it is transferred by means of trucks 0 and a hoist or lift (not shown in the drawings) to a platform, where the trucks are tipped so as to empty their contents into the tank or vessel D,which contains water. After being lixiviated in said vessel D, where the cyanid comes into solution, itis then filtered through a cloth or other filter into a tank D. The cyanid solution contained in D is then pumped or otherwise conveyed into the vessel L, which vessel is connected with the vessel E by means of a pipe 8, provided with a stop-cock, so that E can be refilled from L at will. The solution in the vessel E is then treated or scrubbed with a current of carbon dioxid (obtained by the combustion of carbon with atmospheric airin an ordinary furnace F) and at the same time heated, preferably, to a boiling temperature by steam led from a boiler T by a pipe U, when hydrocyanic acid and aqueous vapor dist-i1 over and are condensed in a worm g, contained in vessel G, from which it drops or falls into a receiver G. The nitrogen and any remaining carbon dioxid which has not entered into combination now pass on through the pipe 5 to the Vessel L, where the remaining carbon dioxid is absorbed, and any caustic potash resulting from the lixiviation of the contents of the retort is thereby con verted into carbonate, which also helps to prevent the decomposition into ammonia when the solution is run into E and treated. The nitrogen now passes on to M and thence to M, which contain water, where it is freed from any hydrocyanic acid which may have been carried over from L. The nitrogen is now passed on to the retort by means of the pump or blower N to form a fresh quantity of cyanid. \Vhen all the hydrocyanic acid has been distilled off from E and collected in G, the solution of potassium carbonate is then pumped or otherwise conveyed to evaporating-pans P, where it is evaporated to dryness by the waste heat from the retort A, after which it is mixed with the residue, chiefly carbon, which is taken from the vessel D after the cyanid solution has been filtered off. The residue from the vessel D is conveyed by means of a chute G into a truck R and conveyed to a hoist S and used in a fresh operation in the retort. E is then refilled by the already highly carbonated solution from L, and L refilled from D, and so 011.
It may be here mentioned that during the heating of E the steam of carbonic-acid gas must be kept passing; otherwise the cyanid will decompose into ammonia.
The aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid in the receiver G is run into a steam-jacketed or otherwise heated vessel or pan H, from which it is distilled and rectified or concentrated by a suitable set of condensers J and forced over into the vessel K, where it meets a concentrated solution of caustic soda and forms sodium cyanid which crystallizes out.
The caustic soda must not be less in strength than thirty-five per cent. of volume and the hydrocyanic acid not less than forty per cent. by volume, the parts of caustic soda and by drocyanic acid being fifty-four and sixty per cent. by weight, respectively. If these conditions are not attended to, no crystallization will take place. lVhen caustic potash is used instead of caustic soda, it must not be less in strength than forty per cent. volume and the hydrocyanid not less than forty-five per cent. by volume.
As hydrocyanic acid is very poisonous, it is obvious that the last operation cannot be performed in open vessels. Accordingly the vessel K is provided with a hell or inverted cylinder K, the mouth or open end of which dips into the caustic solution in K. The air in K is now exhausted by means of an air-pump (not shown in the drawings) until the solution rises to within two or three inches of the top. The hydrocyanic acid is then delivered at the bottom, or nearly so, of K, so that it cannot escape. During the combination heat is developed. On cooling the cyanid of sodium crystallizes out and falls to the bottom of the vessel K, from which it is fished out.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In the art of manufacturing cyanogen compounds, the herein described process which consists in passing carbon dioxid and atmospheric nitrogen through a solution of a cyanid, forming hydrocyanic acid and a car-. bonate of the base of the cyanid, substantially as set forth.
2. In the art of manufacturing cyanogen compounds, the herein described process which consists in passing carbon dioxid and atmospheric nitrogen through a solution of a cyanid, forming hydrocyanic acid and a car- ICC) bonate of the base of the cyanid, then separating such acid and carbonate, drying the carbonate and mixing it with carbonaceous material and passing through such mixture, while maintained at a high temperature, the nitrogen freed from the said carbon dioxid, substantially as set forth.
In the art of manufacturing cyanogen compounds, the herein described process which consists in treating a mixture of carbonaceous material and an alkali at a high temperature with nitrogen forming a cyanid, lixiviating such cyanid, passing through the solution of the cyanid carbon dioXid and nitrogen while the solution is at a high temperature, forming hydrocyanic acid and a JAMES DICK GILMOUR.
Witnesses JAMES YATE JOHNSON, JOHN GEORGE CLARK.
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US576264A true US576264A (en) | 1897-02-02 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2716590A (en) * | 1951-06-23 | 1955-08-30 | Degussa | Production of hydrocyanic acid |
US2855272A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1958-10-07 | Alfred M Thomsen | Regenerating spent cooking liquors produced in making paper pulp |
US2950245A (en) * | 1958-03-24 | 1960-08-23 | Alfred M Thomsen | Method of processing mineral oils with alkali metals or their compounds |
-
0
- US US576264D patent/US576264A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2716590A (en) * | 1951-06-23 | 1955-08-30 | Degussa | Production of hydrocyanic acid |
US2855272A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1958-10-07 | Alfred M Thomsen | Regenerating spent cooking liquors produced in making paper pulp |
US2950245A (en) * | 1958-03-24 | 1960-08-23 | Alfred M Thomsen | Method of processing mineral oils with alkali metals or their compounds |
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