US574341A - Apparatus for generating ozone - Google Patents

Apparatus for generating ozone Download PDF

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US574341A
US574341A US574341DA US574341A US 574341 A US574341 A US 574341A US 574341D A US574341D A US 574341DA US 574341 A US574341 A US 574341A
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casing
generator
gas
casings
generating ozone
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/10—Preparation of ozone
    • C01B13/11—Preparation of ozone by electric discharge

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  • wzecsbseaf TN mams Persa: co.. moouwcl, wnsnmmon. n, c4
  • My invention consists of an apparatus for generating ozone gas, whereby the quantity of gas produced and the purity of the product are greater than with other processes with which I am familiar, the mode of operation consisting, essentially, in subjecting oxygen gas to an electric current in the form of a brush-discharge, the oxygen and gas being, by preference, at a low temperature while it is being subjected to the action of the current.
  • Figure l is a side view, partly in section, of apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention for the production of ozone.
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of the generator proper.
  • Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same, and
  • Fig. 4 is an exaggerated view illustrating more clearly than the other gurcs the character of the conducting-surfaces with which the generator is provided.
  • A represents a tank or reservoir for containing oxygen derived from any suitable source, this tank being connected by means of a pipe u, to the ozone-generator C, between which and the tank Ais a refrigerating or cooling tank B, through which the pipe c passes on its way to the generator C, a portion of said pipe c being preferably spirally coiled in the tank B and surrounded therein by a refrigerating liquid or cooling medium, such, for example, as ammonium nitrate and water.
  • a refrigerating liquid or cooling medium such, for example, as ammonium nitrate and water.
  • a cooling medium I may compress the same, and after permitting the compressed gas to cool to any desired extent may then permit it to expand either directly into the ozone-generator or into a supplychamber therefor, thereby greatly decreasing its temperature, and thus cooling it to the desired degree.
  • the generator C consists of a casing c of dielectric material, preferably glass, aud preferably also in the form of a tube or pi pe closed at each end by suitable caps c', that at one end of the casing being provided with apertures cii and ci, while that at the other end of the casing is provided with apertures ci" and c".
  • this outer casing is another casing or box @preferably of metal and of smaller external diameter than the internal diameter of the outer casing, this inner casing being centrally supported within the outer easing, so as to provide a uniform width between the cylindrical portions of the two.
  • a spraying device consisting, in the present instance, of a perforated metaltube d, closed at that end which is within the inner casing, but open at the outer end, the tube passing through the aperture cii in the cap c', which aperture is preferably provided with a suitable stufng-box, the outer end of the tube being connected with any suitable supply of cooling liquid, which may be admitted to or cut off from the tube d, as desired, by means of a valve b'.
  • a discharge-pipe e Connected to the inner casing b, preferably at one end, is a discharge-pipe e, which passes through the packed aperture cv into the chamber of a suitable ejector E, having a motive-fluid-supply pipe e', and is intended to be used for draining the internal chamber of said casing b and thereby preventing the accumulation therein of fluid in such quantity as would interfere with the spraying action of the perforated tube d.
  • a pipef Communicating with the space between the inner and outer casings of the generator is a pipef, which is fitted to the aperture civ and serves to convey the ozone gas to any suitl able reservoir or treating-chamber, the oxygen-gas-supply pipe c passing through the aperture ciii in the opposite head c of the generator.
  • the outer surfaces of both the inner and outer casings of the generator are coated with a layer tof material suitable for producing a brush-discharge, such material, for instance, as powdered carbon, lead dust, or the like, which will produce a surface of roughened or granulated form, presenting a multiplicity of points or protuberances.
  • a layer tof material suitable for producing a brush-discharge such material, for instance, as powdered carbon, lead dust, or the like, which will produce a surface of roughened or granulated form, presenting a multiplicity of points or protuberances.
  • the layer or coating of granular or powdered material may be applied to the surface of the casings by coating the latter with an adhesive non-conductive material and sprinkling the said powdered or granular material thereon.
  • the terminals of the secondary coil of a step-up transformer supplied with a suitable current of electricity, preferably an alternating current.
  • the terminal k is connected to the outer surface of the inner casing and the terminal k is connected to the outer surface of the outer casing.
  • I may state that while the process and apparatus for generating ozone are particularly adapted for use in connection with my improved process ot ⁇ purifying and decolorizing saccharine and other liquids, as disclosed in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 605,441, filed September 10, 1896, and Serial No. 605,631, filed September 12, 1896, and with my improved process of purifying, rectifying, decolorizing, and deodorizing alcoholic and other liquids, as disclosed in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 605,632, led September 12, 1896, of which the /,65' present is a divisonal application, my present invention is capable of general application wherever ozone gas is required.
  • the inner casing may or may not be dielectric, though I prefer to make the latter casing of metal or equivalent material,especially where the cooling medium is sprayed against it, in order that it may the better withstand the shocks of the streams of cooling fluid impinging said casing.
  • anl apparatus for generating ozone gas the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, and each having a thinlysprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, means for conveying an electrical current to one and away from the other of said coatings, means for causing a iiow of oxygen gas through the space between the casings, and means for maintaining said gas at a low temperature during its passage, substantially as speciied.
  • an apparatus for generating ozone gas the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, and each provided with a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, means for conveying anelectric current to one and away from the other of said coatings, means for causing a flow of oxygen gas through the space between the casings, means for reducing the temperature of said gas before it enters the generator, and means for maintaining such low temperature of the gas while it is passing through the generator, substantially as specified.
  • the outer casing separated from each other, the outer casing being dielectric, and each having a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, with an inlet for admitting oxygen gas to the space between the inner and outer casing, an outlet from said space, and connections between the conducting-coatings and a suitable generator of electricity, substantially as specied.
  • the combination of theA inner and outer casing mounted so as to provide a space between them, the outer casing being dielectric, and each having a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of granular or powdered conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, connections between said coatings and an electrical generator, a pipe for supplying oxygen gas to the space between the two casings, and a refrigeratingtank through which the oxygen-supply pipe passes on its way to the generator, substantially as specified.
  • the combination of inner and outer casings mounted so as to form a space between the two, the outer casing being dielectric and each having an external coating of material suitable for producing an electrical brushdischarge, connections between said external coatings and a suitable source of electricity, a perforated pipe extending within the inner casing and having connection with a supply of cooling fluid, a pipe for withdrawing the cooling iiuid from said inner casing, and means for causing a flow of oxygen gas through the space between the two casings, substantially as specified.
  • the combination of inner and outer casings mounted so as to provide a space between the two, the outer casing being dielectric, and each provided with an external coating of material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, connections between said coatings and a generator of electricity, a spraying device for introducing jets of cooling liquid within the inner casing, a suitable source of oxygen-supply, apipe leading therefrom to the space between thevtwo casings, and arefrigerating vessel through which said pipe passes on its Way to the generator, substantially as specied.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Description

2 Sheets Sheet 1.
(No Model.)
M. PRIDHAM. 4APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OZONE.
No. 574,341. Patented 1360.29, 1896..
wzecsbseaf TN: mams Persa: co.. moouwcl, wnsnmmon. n, c4
(No Model.)
2 Sheets-Sheet- 2. M. PRIDHAM.
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OZONE.
N0. 574,341. Patented Deo. 29, 1896',
2580672 gOZ' A M1@ Wai 65666.' I
NITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.
MARSHALL PRIDHAM, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRIC RECTIFYING AND REFININGr COMPANY, OF CAMDEN,
NEIV JERSEY.
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OZONE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 574,341, dated December 29, 1896.
Original application filed September 12, 1896, Serial No. 605,632. Divided and this application filed October l5, 1896. Serial No. 608,987. (No modell To LZZ whom it may concern: f
Beit known that I, MARSHALL PEIDHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Generating Ozone, of which the following is a specification.
My invention consists of an apparatus for generating ozone gas, whereby the quantity of gas produced and the purity of the product are greater than with other processes with which I am familiar, the mode of operation consisting, essentially, in subjecting oxygen gas to an electric current in the form of a brush-discharge, the oxygen and gas being, by preference, at a low temperature while it is being subjected to the action of the current.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view, partly in section, of apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention for the production of ozone. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of the generator proper. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same, and Fig. 4 is an exaggerated view illustrating more clearly than the other gurcs the character of the conducting-surfaces with which the generator is provided.
In the drawings, A represents a tank or reservoir for containing oxygen derived from any suitable source, this tank being connected by means of a pipe u, to the ozone-generator C, between which and the tank Ais a refrigerating or cooling tank B, through which the pipe c passes on its way to the generator C, a portion of said pipe c being preferably spirally coiled in the tank B and surrounded therein by a refrigerating liquid or cooling medium, such, for example, as ammonium nitrate and water.
Instead of passing the oxygen gas through a cooling medium I may compress the same, and after permitting the compressed gas to cool to any desired extent may then permit it to expand either directly into the ozone-generator or into a supplychamber therefor, thereby greatly decreasing its temperature, and thus cooling it to the desired degree.
The generator C consists of a casing c of dielectric material, preferably glass, aud preferably also in the form of a tube or pi pe closed at each end by suitable caps c', that at one end of the casing being provided with apertures cii and ci, while that at the other end of the casing is provided with apertures ci" and c". Within this outer casing is another casing or box @preferably of metal and of smaller external diameter than the internal diameter of the outer casing, this inner casing being centrally supported within the outer easing, so as to provide a uniform width between the cylindrical portions of the two. 'Within the inner casing is a spraying device consisting, in the present instance, of a perforated metaltube d, closed at that end which is within the inner casing, but open at the outer end, the tube passing through the aperture cii in the cap c', which aperture is preferably provided with a suitable stufng-box, the outer end of the tube being connected with any suitable supply of cooling liquid, which may be admitted to or cut off from the tube d, as desired, by means of a valve b'.
Connected to the inner casing b, preferably at one end, is a discharge-pipe e, which passes through the packed aperture cv into the chamber of a suitable ejector E, having a motive-fluid-supply pipe e', and is intended to be used for draining the internal chamber of said casing b and thereby preventing the accumulation therein of fluid in such quantity as would interfere with the spraying action of the perforated tube d.
Communicating with the space between the inner and outer casings of the generator is a pipef, which is fitted to the aperture civ and serves to convey the ozone gas to any suitl able reservoir or treating-chamber, the oxygen-gas-supply pipe c passing through the aperture ciii in the opposite head c of the generator. I
The outer surfaces of both the inner and outer casings of the generator are coated with a layer tof material suitable for producing a brush-discharge, such material, for instance, as powdered carbon, lead dust, or the like, which will produce a surface of roughened or granulated form, presenting a multiplicity of points or protuberances. The layer or coating of granular or powdered material may be applied to the surface of the casings by coating the latter with an adhesive non-conductive material and sprinkling the said powdered or granular material thereon.
To the coatings of the inner and outer casings of the generator are connected the terminals of the secondary coil of a step-up transformer supplied with a suitable current of electricity, preferably an alternating current. The terminal k is connected to the outer surface of the inner casing and the terminal k is connected to the outer surface of the outer casing. Hence when the current is turned on a brush-discharge takes place from the coating of the inner casing through the dielectric outer casing to the outer coating of the latter, and the oxygen gas passing through the annular space between the two casings is subjected to the action of this induced brush-discharge, the low temperature ofthe gas being maintained by the cooling iiuid which is sprayed upon the inner casing from the tube d.
By subjecting oxygen gas to an electrical current in the form of a brush-discharge I iind that ozone of a very high degree of strength can be economically and rapidly produced, and I und, further, that the process is facilitated by a low temperature of the ozone gas. Hence I prefer in all cases to cool the before it enters the generator and to maintain it at low temperature in said generator. This brush-discharge consists of a great number of sparks passing and repassing between the two coated casings and extending from the numerous protuberances or points formed by the granular or powdered coating.
In practice I have used temperatures below zero Fahrenheit, and I iind that, as a rule, the lower the temperature the better the result.
I also prefer in carrying out my invention to use an oxygen gas of as pure a character as can be manufactured on a commercial scale within the necessary limit of cost, although my invention may be carried out successfully even if the oxygen gas is diluted or adulterated to some extent by admixture with air or with other gases.
I may state that while the process and apparatus for generating ozone are particularly adapted for use in connection with my improved process ot` purifying and decolorizing saccharine and other liquids, as disclosed in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 605,441, filed September 10, 1896, and Serial No. 605,631, filed September 12, 1896, and with my improved process of purifying, rectifying, decolorizing, and deodorizing alcoholic and other liquids, as disclosed in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 605,632, led September 12, 1896, of which the /,65' present is a divisonal application, my present invention is capable of general application wherever ozone gas is required. I should also state that while it is necessary in all cases to make the outer casing dielectric the inner casing may or may not be dielectric, though I prefer to make the latter casing of metal or equivalent material,especially where the cooling medium is sprayed against it, in order that it may the better withstand the shocks of the streams of cooling fluid impinging said casing.
Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In an apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, each Vprovided with a thin-sprinkled coating of powdered orgranular conducting material, suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, the dielectric being between the coatings, means for causing a iow of oxygen through the spa-ce between said casing, and means for conveying an electric current to one and away from the other of said coatings, substantially as specified.
2. In an apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, and each having a thinsprinkled coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, the dielectric being between the two coatings, means for conveying an electrical current to one and away from the other of said coatings, means for causing a ilow of oxygen gas through the space between the casings, and means for reducing the temperature of said gasbefore it enters the generator, substantially as speci fied.
3. In anl apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, and each having a thinlysprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, means for conveying an electrical current to one and away from the other of said coatings, means for causing a iiow of oxygen gas through the space between the casings, and means for maintaining said gas at a low temperature during its passage, substantially as speciied.
4t. In an apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of separated casings, one being dielectric, and each provided with a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, means for conveying anelectric current to one and away from the other of said coatings, means for causing a flow of oxygen gas through the space between the casings, means for reducing the temperature of said gas before it enters the generator, and means for maintaining such low temperature of the gas while it is passing through the generator, substantially as specified.
5. In an apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of an inner and outer IOO IIO
casing separated from each other, the outer casing being dielectric, and each having a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of powdered or granular conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, with an inlet for admitting oxygen gas to the space between the inner and outer casing, an outlet from said space, and connections between the conducting-coatings and a suitable generator of electricity, substantially as specied.
6. In an apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of theA inner and outer casing mounted so as to provide a space between them, the outer casing being dielectric, and each having a thinly-sprinkled exterior coating of granular or powdered conducting material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, connections between said coatings and an electrical generator, a pipe for supplying oxygen gas to the space between the two casings, and a refrigeratingtank through which the oxygen-supply pipe passes on its way to the generator, substantially as specified.
7. In apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of inner and outer casings mounted so as to form a space between the two, the outer casing being dielectric and each having an external coating of material suitable for producing an electrical brushdischarge, connections between said external coatings and a suitable source of electricity, a perforated pipe extending within the inner casing and having connection with a supply of cooling fluid, a pipe for withdrawing the cooling iiuid from said inner casing, and means for causing a flow of oxygen gas through the space between the two casings, substantially as specified.
8. In apparatus for generating ozone gas, the combination of inner and outer casings mounted so as to provide a space between the two, the outer casing being dielectric, and each provided with an external coating of material suitable for producing an electrical brush-discharge, connections between said coatings and a generator of electricity, a spraying device for introducing jets of cooling liquid within the inner casing, a suitable source of oxygen-supply, apipe leading therefrom to the space between thevtwo casings, and arefrigerating vessel through which said pipe passes on its Way to the generator, substantially as specied.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
MARSHALL PRIDHAM.
Witnesses:
IWI. H. MILES, H. D. GORDON.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766051A (en) * 1971-09-22 1973-10-16 Pollution Control Ind Inc Liquid cooled ozone generator
US5573733A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-11-12 Poptec Ltee Inner electrode for an ozone generator, ozone generator containing said electrode and method of use of said ozone generator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766051A (en) * 1971-09-22 1973-10-16 Pollution Control Ind Inc Liquid cooled ozone generator
US5573733A (en) * 1992-08-11 1996-11-12 Poptec Ltee Inner electrode for an ozone generator, ozone generator containing said electrode and method of use of said ozone generator

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