US570083A - Locomotive smoke-stack - Google Patents

Description

(No Mdel.)

G.S.BURT.0N.

LUGOMOTIVB SMOKE STAGE. No. 570,083. Patented Oct. 27, 1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.,l

CHARLES s.' BURTON, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS.

LOCOMOTIVE SMOKE-STACK.

SPECIFICATlON forming part of Letters Patent N o` 570,083, dated October 27, 1896.

Application iiled December 9,1895.. Serial No. 571,508. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES S. BURTON, a citizen'of the United States, residing at Oak Park, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locomotive Smoke Stacks, which are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention is an improvement upon locomotive smoke-stacks of the class in which cinders or other solid matt-er are precipitated by deflection in the passage of the smoke and gases through the stack, so that the latter emerge devoid of solid matter.

It consists in specic features of construction set forth in the claims. In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of the forward end of a locomotive-boiler having my improved smokestack, the upper portion of which, containing the devices which distinguish my invention, is shown in side elevation only. Fig. 2 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, of the upper portion of my improved smoke-stack, which is shown in side elevation in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section at the line 3 3 on Fig. 2. Fig. et is a detail vertical section of the'de'lector and portion of the stack-shell, showing a modified form of a nozzle designed to assist the draft, the modification consisting in devices for adj usting the nozzle to vary the draft produced.

A is a boiler, in which the fines are represented at A/, the smoke-box at A2, and the ordinary extension-front at A3, such extensionfront being partitioned off from the rear portion of the smoke-box by a Smoke-tight partition A30.

B is the exhaust-nozzle, which discharges under the flaring mouth C of a so-called petticoat-pipe C, which is suspended by straps c o from the stack D and has at the npper end a telescoping extension C2 for the purpose of adjusting its upper terminal nearer to or farther from the bottom or entrance-mou th of the stack, between which and the upper edge of the petticoat-pipe there will always be left an annular space of suitable width to cause the exhaust-blast to draw smoke not only through the lower flaring mouth C', which will take the smoke chiefly from the lation to it in that by the useof my in vention it is made possible to produce an equalized draft through all the fines by means of lthe petticoat-pipe, short nozzle, and adjustable telescoping terminalA of the petticoat-pipe without sacrificing any opportunity or facility forarresting sparks by causing deposit of solid matter.

The distinguishing features of my invention relate to the upper portion of the stack, which will now be described.

The stack comprises a lower portion or uptake-pipe D, which is substantially cylindrical, but may be slightly flared or expanded at the upper end at D', and a portion E, which I term the head,7 and which contains and supports the deflector F and parts accessory thereto. The head E is, in general as to its lower part, an inverted-cone-frustum shell secured at its lower narrower base outside the portion D of the stack at considerable distance below the upper end of the latter, whereby there is formed within said head and around the upper and intruding portion of the cylindrical part D an annular chamber e. The widest portion of the head E at e' is several inches above the top of the portion D,and from that point the head narrows, preferably, somewhat in the form shown, that is, in fiowing curves, inolosing the passage e2, rendered annular by the presence of the deflector F hereinafter described, and it ultimately terminates in a substantially-cylindrical portion E3. The deflector F F' is, in general, of double conical form, the lower portion F being conical, with the apex of the cone downward at the center of the stack, the conical surface, however, being, in axial section, curved concavely downward. The upper portion F has, primarily, only the function of serving as a roof or water-shed for the deiector,.l although, as represented in the drawings and.y preferably constructed, it also supports a nozzle `tlnoughwhich live or IOO exhaust steam may be discharged within the cylindrical terminal E3 of the stack to assist the draft. It is convenient to construct the deflector in two parts F F', the lower part F being formed with arms or feet F2, by which the dellector is secured and supported upon the head E. From the lower portion of the chamber e, at any convenient point, as illustrated, at the forward side, a discharge-pipe G leads to any convenient receptacle for cinders. A false bottom c3 may be provided in the chamber e, inclined upward from t-hc mouth of the pipe G to the opposite side of the chamber around the stack-pipe D to cause the solid matter to slide easily into said discharge-pipe. This false bottom is probably not absolutely essential,because,in any event, the cinders having opportunity for esca-ping at the pipe G will probably remain lodged in the chamber only until the surface of the accumulated quantity has such inclination as to cause the subsequently-deposited particles to roll or slide down to the mouth of the pipe.

Before going further into the description of the detail structure of the dellector and nozzle, associated therewith, the operation of the device may be described.

The natural draft or the artificial draft produced by the exhaust-blast carries the smoke, together with the solid particles which it usually contains if combustion is imperfect, forcibly up the cylindrical portion or uptake D of the stack against the downwardly-concave surface of the deflector F, whereby the solid particles are pulverized and the entire blast and especially the solid particles are deflected outwardly. The flare or expansion of the upper mouth of the uptake-pipe D must not be such as to give opportunity for solid particles which may chance to be ejected along the flared margin, and which would thereby have a direction substantially tangential to the inner surface thereof, to pass out without encountering the deilector F, that is, the deflector must extend at least far enough to intercept all tangents of the inner su rface of the discharge-mouth of the uptakepipe, so that all solid particles ejected forcibly from the uptake-pipe will strike the dellector and be thrown aside into the receptacle. Since the purpose and necessity for flaring the mouth of the uptake-pipe is to compensate for the diminution of the smokepassage by the intrusion of the lower point of the dellector F thereinto, it will be understood that such lower intruded point must not have too great an angle. On the other hand, if the whole surface of the dcflector F were no more inclined than the intruded por tion at the lower point the deflection would not be sufiicient to precipitate solid matter, or if the deiiector were not at all intruded into the uptake-pipe, but commenced above it and were made strictly conical with a wide angle, so as to abruptly deflect the current over the top of the uptake, the effect would betet-urn the whole currentl outward with like abruptness, giving to the portion emerging adjacent to the edge of the uptake-pipe an outward direction equally as if the uptake-pipe were continued and flared from that point. Such abrupt deflection of the current would produce very marked back pressure, with all the disadvantages incident thereto, and besides would necessitate very great extension of the deflector in order to completely intercept all solid matter. Such abrupt deflection and consequent back pressure and wide spreading of the solid matter, necessitating wide extension of the deflector, is avoided by commencing the deflection gradually, as by intruding the deflector into the uptake-pipe and making its deflecting-surface at such intruded portion very slightly divergent, thereby necessitating very slight flaring of the mouth of the uptake-pipe to compensate for the diminution of area, and increasing the angle of deflection gradually until the entire change of direction of the surface of the deflector has amounted to nearly ninety degrees, that is, from vertical to horizontal. This results in a deflector vertically curved in axial section, as shown in the drawings, and such deflector, being extended, as shown, far enough so that it intercepts all tangents to the inner surface of the dischargemouth, will intercept all solid mat-ter which can be discharged from the uptake-mouth. The curvature ofthe dellector F is at the same time calculated so that all solid particles striking it will be deflected in such direction that they will strike the inclined wall E of the head at an angle which will cause them to be again deflected downward into the receptacle e, or, at all events, to be positively arrested so that they will slide downward, and will not be deflected upward so as to pass out at the top of the stack. The gaseous matter, on the other hand, although deflected by the curved surface of the deflector F, having much less momentum than the solid particles, and having opportunity to expand as it passes over the edge CZ of the pipe D, will be carried out with the draft, being again deflected by the outer wall of the head and compelled to pass upward because no suliieient escape is provided downward. The result is that the solid matter is thrown out from the midst of the gaseous matter by virtue of its greater density and consequently greater momentum, so that the gaseous matter passes off while the solid matter remains in the receptacle e and escapes downward through the pipe G to an ultimate receptacle which may be provided. pericnced in devices employing the deflecting principle heretofore for like purpose have been, iirst, that the retardment of the smoke current caused by the deflection produces so great a degree of back pressure inthe smokestack and upon the eXhaust-nozzle,and thence back to the engine, that in order to maintain the proper draft greater pressure of steam i is necessary and a larger amount of exhaust- The difficulties ex- IOC] IIO

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steam, which necessitates longer cut-off and consequently greater consumption of steam by the engine. It is very important, therefore, in providing for deflection to precipitate the solid matter, to provide valso against back pressure in the smoke-stack. In addition, therefore, to avoiding too abrupt deflection of the current by making the deflector of the curved form shown, I make the dimensions such as to contribute to diminution of pressure. In the irst place, as above described, I design and prefer to fiare the upper end of the cylindrical portion of the stack at D, as shown, sufficiently to compensate, and preferably somewhat more than compensate, for the space occupied by the lower end of the deflector which protrudes down into the upper end of said cylindrical portion. Furthermore, the curve of the lower side of the deiiectorF is such with respect to the upper margin of the cylindrical portion D that the capacity of the stack increases in the path of the smoke, thereby permitting an expansion, and consequent diminution of pressure, steadily from the point where the deliection first commences to the point at which the deflection is complete, and the gaseous matter resumes a nearly direct upward path. This increase of capacity I have indicated on'Fig. 2. If, at the point indicated by the line the capacity be that of a sixteen-in ch cylinder, vas is indicated by the number 16 marked on that line, it has increased at the line to seventeen and onehalf, at the line ac3 to twenty-four, and at the line co4, where the deiection necessary for precipitation is completed, it is twenty-eight. From this point the expansion may be little or nothing to the line x5, where the gases have recovered their nearly direct discharge movement. From this point outward the capacity may even be diminished without detriment, because the normal upward draft and the proximity of the discharge-mouth tend to assist; and, furthermore, I prefer to provide a nozzle at the upper apex of the detlector, through which escaping steam may supply a supplemental force to restore whatever draft may have been lost during the deliection. In practice, however, the back pressure or resistance to outward movement of the smoke due to the deiection may be more than compensated by the form and dimensions allowing for expansion and relief of pressure, and this is further assisted by some tendency to condensation due to the cooling experienced particularly after the gases pass the line x4 and for the first time strike the wall of the head at a portion which is exteriorly directly exposed to the outer air. The condensation at this point will relieve back pressure as much as or more than it has been relieved by the increased capacity progressively up to that point, and for this reason I have not designed any marked increase of capacity from the line fr to the line Any actual condensation resulting in moisture which will flow down into t-he receptacle e serves the'furl cnr to completely extinguish all fire and cause the cinders to be delivered through the pipe G in an entirely harmless condition, even if a receptacle should not be provided for them.

As above stated, I prefer to provide for a supplemental steam-jet to be discharged through a nozzle at the upper apex of the deflector within the cylindrical discharge-terminal E3 of the stack, and for that purpose I lead the steam-pipe I-I from the center of the exhaust-nozzle directly up through the center of the petticoat-pipe and through the center of the stack into the center ofthe deflector at its lower apex and through the same to the nozzle J, which is formed as the upper terminal of the roof or water-shed F of the deflector. A convenient mode of construction is that shown in Fig. 2, wherein, the deiiector being made in two pieces F and F', adapted to seat one upon the other and be united by rivets, as at f, a section H of vthe pipe H is inserted through the lower apex of the deflector and screws into the lower end of the noz- 'zle J, which constitutes the terminal of the upper member F of the deflector, and a coupling H2, screwed onto the protruding lower end of the pipe-section II',- serves not only as the means for uniting it to the lower portion of the pipe II, but also serves as a stop and clamping-nut by which the upper section I-I of the pipe is adapted to serve as a tie to bindV the two portions F and F together. J 2 is a spreader, which may be employed within the mouth of the nozzle to cause the steam-jet to be discharged in conical form to increase its draf t-prod ucin g form.

The amount of draft requisite to accomplish all the desirable results and give the locomotive the best steaming capacity varies with different fuels, and in order that the engineer may readily adapt the device to the fuel in this respect without materially altering the force of the blast that is deflected to precipitate the solid matter I deem it desirable to make the nozzle at the upper apex of the deflection adjustable vertically, so that it may deliver its conical jet of steam at varying distances from the discharge-mouth of the stack, and in order to give such jet greater draft-prod ucing power such adjustable nozzle isset deeper, that is, farther, from the upward-discharge mouth of the stack, and to diminish its power 1t is raised more nearly to the level of the discharge-mouth. Such adjustable nozzle is shown in Fig. 4t. In this form the two parts F and F of the deiiector may be secured together solely by the rivets f.V The upper end F' of the deflector has a central aperture in which is seated al sleeve K, having amarginal iiange or shoulder 7c,

Vwhich stops on the upper edge of the part F.

This` sleeve is interiorlyfthreaded and the nozzle L -isscrewed through it, said nozzle IOO IIO

being threaded substantially its entire length for that purpose. rlhe steam-pipe ll is insei-ted up through the lower apex of the deilector F and into the central bore of the nozzle L, which it should t closely, but so as to permit the nozzle to slide freely on it. The pipe has a longitudinal groove 7L, and a pin or screw l set through the nozzle protruding into such groove serves as a feather to prevent the nozzle rotating with respect te the pipe, while it is permitted to slide thereon. lt will be perceived that if the sleeve K is rotated in its bearing in the part F the nozzle will be moved longitudinally up or down, according to the direction of rotation. To provide means for such rotation, I pin fast to the lower end of'thc sleeve K, within the inner chamber of the deflector, that is, under the roof or water-shed li", a gear M, whose hub serves as a stop to prevent the sleeve 7s from moving longitudinally. One of the arms or limbs F 2 by which the delector F is mounted on the head E is made tubular and is repre'- sented at F2O en Fig. l. Through this tubular limb a shaft O extends, obtaining bearing therein, and within the chamber ot' the delector it carries a pinion O', which meshes.

with the gear M and is thereby adapted to rotate the latter. The shaft O will extend out from the rear side of the stack to the cab, where it maybe provided with another bearing and a crank, so that the engineer by rotating the same may adj ust the nozzle without leaving the cab.

An important feature in which my iinproved stack is distinguished from certain other deiiecting stacks is that the uptakepipe at its upper part is protected from exterior cooling and from the liability to condensation of the exhaust-steam within said uptake-pipe and from the consequent precipitation of the condensed moisture by deflection with the solid particles, such protection being effected by the exterior shell which forms the chamber e around the uptake-pipe. Vi'hen the deflection is inward and the receptacle is interior instead of exterior to the uptake-pipe, the uptake-pipe itself being in that case necessarily flared, its exterior surface thus increased and tending to cause great condensation so impairs the momentum of the outgoing current as to cause the smoke to emerge from the stack without any decided upward tendency, so that itis liable to settle heavily about the cab and train, instead of being ejected upward, as it should be, with suiiicient force to clear the train. Furthermore, in such construction the water of condensation is precipitated in large quantity with the cinders, and the discharge through the cinder pipe either becomes a muddy stream or, if the moisture is insuflieient to make the mass iiow as a liquid, it is liable to become pasty and clog in the receptacle instead of passing oit, and either condition makes the problem of disposing of such solid matter in a cleanly and convenient way exceedingly troublesome. Especially is this true in view of the iact that the most convenient place for depositing the solid matter or cinders is in the space which may be partitioned off from the customary extensionfront, where it is of necessity exposed to the high temperature of the partition-plate, and if the discharge consisted largely of water in addition to the cinders the danger of generating steam and developing high pressure in the space would prevent utilizing the same, whereas if the same matter can be deposited substantially dry, having been moistened merely enough to extinguish the fire, it can be safely received and carried in the extension-front.

lower part of the chamber formed between said exterior frustum and uptake-pipe; the detlector being in radial section concave toward the margin of the uptake-pipe and extended to overhang the same, whereby thc angle of deliection is slight at the apex and increases gradually to the periphery: substantially as set forth.

2. ln a smoke-stack, in combination with the uptakepipc, a central inverted conical deiiector and an outer inverted-cone frustum, the latter being joined to the uptake-pipe below the discharge-mouth of the same and provided with a discharge-opening at the lower part of the chamber formed between said exterior frustum and uptake-pipe; the deiiector being in radial section concave toward the margin of the uptake-pipe; the lower point of the defiector being intruded into the uptake-pipe, and the dischargemouth of the latter being ilared to compensate for the space occupied by such intruded end, and the delector being extended far enough to intercept all tangents to the inner surface of said iiared mouth.

3. In a smoke-stack,in combination with the uptake-pipe, the inverted conical deiiector above the same, the exterior shell comprising an inverted frustum joined to the uptakepipe below its discharge-mouth and having a discharge-opening at the lower pa-rt of the chamber thus formed between said exterior frustum and the uptake-pipe, said defieetor being provided with a substantially conical water-shed or roof-piece secured above the same: substantially as set forth.

4L. In a smokestack,in combination with the uptake-pipe, the inverted conical central deilector above the same; the exterior shell encompassing the detlector at the upper part oi' IOO IOS

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the uptake-pipe and joined to the latter below i its discharge-mouth and expanded from such junction approximately to the plane of the greatest diameter of the delector, and thence contracted upwardly; a steam -pipe which penetrates the apex of the deflector and a nozzle which terminates the steam-pipe within the upper reduced portion of the shell, said nozzle being adjustable in said reduced portion toward and from the discharge-mouth thereof.

5. In a smoke-stack,in combination with the uptake-pipe, the inverted conical central deflector, the shell which encompasses the delector at the upper part of the uptake-pipe and is secured to the latter below its discharge-mouth, the defiector being provided with supports extending and adapted to be secured to the outer shell, the deflector having a water-shed or roof-piece secured above the same; a nozzle which is mounted at the apex of such roof, and a steam-pipe which penetrates the downward apex of the deflector and leads to the nozzle: substantially as set forth.

G. In a locomotive smoke-stack, in combination with the uptake-pipe, the central inverted conical deflector and a shell which encompasses the same and is contracted above the plane of the greatest diameter of thedeflector to the discharge-mouth; a nozzle above the deflector and a steam-pipe communicating' therewith; the connection between the nozzle and steam-pipe being such as to permit longitudinal movement of the nozzle; a rod or shaft which penetrates the stack from Y the exterior, and suitable connections from the shaft to the nozzle within the stack by which such shaft actuates the nozzle to adjust it longitudinally, whereby such adjustment may be effected from the exterior of the stack.

7 In a locomotive smoke-stack, in combination with the uptake-pipe, the central inverted conical deflector and the shell which encompasses the deflector, said deiiector being suitably connected rigidly; a shaft which penetrates the stack and the deflector and is suitably journaled thereon and adapted to be actuated from the exterior; intermeshing gears mounted on said shaft and on the deflector respectively; a nozzle which concentrically penetrates the gear on the deflector,

and a steam-pipe coaxial with and extending within the nozzle; whereby the nozzle has guide-bearings on the gear and steam-pipe, one of said guide-bearin gs being threaded and the 'other feathered, whereby the rotation of the shaft actuates the nozzle longitudinally.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses, at,

Chicago, Illinois,

this 31st day of October7 1895.

CIIAS. S. BURTON.

Vitnesses:

JEAN ELLIOTT, JEssIE L. DAvIs.

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