US569821A - dickson - Google Patents
dickson Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US569821A US569821A US569821DA US569821A US 569821 A US569821 A US 569821A US 569821D A US569821D A US 569821DA US 569821 A US569821 A US 569821A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- peat
- block
- metallic
- ore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002370 ICC Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of metallic sands and pulverized ores for the purpose of facilitating the economical reduction or smelting thereof; and it consists in an improvement upon the method or process in the same art set forth in my application for United States Patent, filed April 13, 1895, Serial N0..5-l5,63l.
- This carbonizing operation will eliminate, by destructive distillation, practically all of the volatile elements, such as tar, oils, and gases, indigenous to the peat, without destroying the structure of the blocks or consuming the fixed carbon of the fiber, the result being the production of integrally-combined finely-divided ore or metallic sand and charcoal of a superior grade in blocks of great density and hardness and capable of withstanding the maximum heat and remain incandescent in the reducing-furnace without disintegration until the constituent metals have become melted and properly fused, as the carbon will at the same time supply all the necessary combustiblematerial or fuel for the operation.
- These carbonized blocks may be formed at the place of deposit of the metallic sand or ore and transported any distance to the smelting-works, if found necessary, and will in such case constitute an important and val uable article of commerce, besides affording the readiest opportunity for first recovering the valuable by products which are well known to be contained in the peat.
- the peat is preferably dried naturally (but I may employ artificial means) and the constituent moisture in this way reduced to about the atmospheric degree, and then crushed or broken up and the metal-bearing sand or ore mixed therewith and such mixed materials compressed into blocks by the method and apparatus devised by me for treating metallic sands above referred to and set forth in my former application, that is to say, it is essential that the peat shall be dry and cold at the time of mixing and that no artificial heat shall be applied in forming the blocks.
- the drawing shows a pair of rolls A for crushing the raw peat after it has been dried, a picker B for further dividing it and removing the sticks and useless roots, and a compressing device consisting of forming tubes or molds 0, open at both ends and of the same diameter (which is that of the blocks) throughout their length, with plungers D operating therein to pack and compress the mixed materials by successive strokes (one stroke for each block formed) as it is fed into the inlet ends of the tubes.
- the gravity of the mixed peat and ore aids in furnishing charges of material each of even density from top to bottom and side to side,
- each of the tubes will be furnished with a closely-fitting but yielding resistance-block R, which will prevent the first charge of loose material from immediately discharging at the outlet end and afford a base upon which the first block can be formed. lVhen the plunger has retired, a fresh charge of material will be ready at the inlet end of the forming-tube to be forced in at the next stroke and to form a second block upon the base offered by the first block, the resistanceblock R having been forced forward.
- Each succeeding charge of material forms a block of itself in contact with but separate from the preceding block, and when a sufficient number have been formed the first resistance-block will be automatically ejected from the forming-tube,and the operation proceeds, forming one block upon another, so long as the feed of material continues, the blocks being successively ejected from the tube, as will be readily understood.
- the blocks of mixed peat and metal-bearing material so formed are extremely dense and non-friable, and although they may be of uneven lengths, (which is not undesirable,) according to differences of densityin individual lots of raw material, the full stroke of the plunger is given to each charge, and the yielding resistance being always the same a uniform pressure is given to all of the blocks, and their consistency and density will invariably be the same throughout.
- peat and metal-bearing materials,bein g thus combined into a highly-combustible but hard and non-friable form, are placed in any suitable retort and there subjected to destructive distillation sufiicient to liberate and remove the volatile elements, such as tar, oils, gases, &c., and the acids, and to char or carbonize the fiber or fixed carbon without disintegrating or breaking down the blocks or freeing the m etal-bearing particles therein contained.
- the resultant product is a hard and dense block of fixed carbon embodied with metalbearing sand or ore, possessing ample carbon to serve as fuel in a red ucin gfurnace, in which a suflicient number of blocks are now placed and the charge subjected to the action of fire.
- the constituent fixed carbon By the incandescence and consumption of the constituent fixed carbon in such an intimate contact with the metal-bearing particles the constituent metals are melted and formed into globules, which fuse and are run off in the ordinary way known to those skilled in the art of smelting metals.
- the improved art or method of reducing metallic sands, or pulverized ores, in connection and combination with peat-charcoal as a binding and combustible material which consists, essentially, in the following sequence of operations, viz: first, drying the raw or natural peat sufficiently to deprive it of all but the atmospheric degree of moisture; second, breaking or separating it into fragments; third, incorporating or mixing such peat with the metallic sands, or pulverized ores while both materials are perfectly cold; fourth, causing such combined materials to fall by gravitation into a forming-tube, or mold in evenly-disposed successive charges, and subjecting such charges therein to vertically-ap plied compression against a yielding resistance, whereby the formative pressure upon all of the successively-formed blocks shall be the same irrespective of varying density of such charges, and evenly-hard blocks separate blocks are produced; fifth, eliminating the volatile elements by charring or carbonizing such blocks in a retort; and sixth, subjecting such carbonized blocks to the
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
A. A.'DIGKSON. METHOD [FE-REDUCING METALLIC SAND 0R PULVERIZED No. 569,821.
GEES.
Patented Oct. 20, 1896.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
AROHIBALD, A. DIOKSON ,OF TORONTO, CANADA.
METHOD OF REDUClNG METALLIC SAND OR PULVERIZED ORES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 569,821, dated October 20, 1896.
Application filed September 9 1896. Serial No. 561,985. (No specimens) To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ARCHIBALD ANDERSON DIOKSON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of the city of Toronto, in the county of York and Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented a certain new and useful Improvementin the Reduction of Metallic Sands and Pulverized Ores, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the treatment of metallic sands and pulverized ores for the purpose of facilitating the economical reduction or smelting thereof; and it consists in an improvement upon the method or process in the same art set forth in my application for United States Patent, filed April 13, 1895, Serial N0..5-l5,63l.
In carrying out the present process, as in the method covered by my said former application, I use peat as a binding medium for the metal-bearing sands or ores and combine these materials in the form of evenly-pressed blocks; but in the present case, after such blocks are formed, I propose to reduce them to a charred or carbonized condition in a retort preparatory to the final operation of smelting in the reducing-furnace. This carbonizing operation will eliminate, by destructive distillation, practically all of the volatile elements, such as tar, oils, and gases, indigenous to the peat, without destroying the structure of the blocks or consuming the fixed carbon of the fiber, the result being the production of integrally-combined finely-divided ore or metallic sand and charcoal of a superior grade in blocks of great density and hardness and capable of withstanding the maximum heat and remain incandescent in the reducing-furnace without disintegration until the constituent metals have become melted and properly fused, as the carbon will at the same time supply all the necessary combustiblematerial or fuel for the operation. These carbonized blocks may be formed at the place of deposit of the metallic sand or ore and transported any distance to the smelting-works, if found necessary, and will in such case constitute an important and val uable article of commerce, besides affording the readiest opportunity for first recovering the valuable by products which are well known to be contained in the peat.
I will now describe my improved process in such detail that those skilled in the art may readily put the same into practice, referrin g to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, and which represents a vertical sectional elevation of a suitable apparatus for preparing and compressing the combined ore and peat into the form required for the preliminary treatment in the retort.
' The peat is preferably dried naturally (but I may employ artificial means) and the constituent moisture in this way reduced to about the atmospheric degree, and then crushed or broken up and the metal-bearing sand or ore mixed therewith and such mixed materials compressed into blocks by the method and apparatus devised by me for treating metallic sands above referred to and set forth in my former application, that is to say, it is essential that the peat shall be dry and cold at the time of mixing and that no artificial heat shall be applied in forming the blocks.
Previous to compression I mix the prepared peat With the metallic sand or pulverized ore, as the case may be, in such proportions as may be deemed desirable, and stir them together in a suitable mixer, being careful to see that the materials are thoroughly and evenly incorporated.
The drawing shows a pair of rolls A for crushing the raw peat after it has been dried, a picker B for further dividing it and removing the sticks and useless roots, and a compressing device consisting of forming tubes or molds 0, open at both ends and of the same diameter (which is that of the blocks) throughout their length, with plungers D operating therein to pack and compress the mixed materials by successive strokes (one stroke for each block formed) as it is fed into the inlet ends of the tubes.
By using vertical forming-tubes, as shown, the gravity of the mixed peat and ore aids in furnishing charges of material each of even density from top to bottom and side to side,
its
and this arrangement also helps to reduce undue friction and assist in the easy delivery of the blocks.
I have shown three sets of forming devices to illustrate different positions in the pressing operation. Each of the tubes will be furnished with a closely-fitting but yielding resistance-block R, which will prevent the first charge of loose material from immediately discharging at the outlet end and afford a base upon which the first block can be formed. lVhen the plunger has retired, a fresh charge of material will be ready at the inlet end of the forming-tube to be forced in at the next stroke and to form a second block upon the base offered by the first block, the resistanceblock R having been forced forward. Each succeeding charge of material forms a block of itself in contact with but separate from the preceding block, and when a sufficient number have been formed the first resistance-block will be automatically ejected from the forming-tube,and the operation proceeds, forming one block upon another, so long as the feed of material continues, the blocks being successively ejected from the tube, as will be readily understood.
The blocks of mixed peat and metal-bearing material so formed are extremely dense and non-friable, and although they may be of uneven lengths, (which is not undesirable,) according to differences of densityin individual lots of raw material, the full stroke of the plunger is given to each charge, and the yielding resistance being always the same a uniform pressure is given to all of the blocks, and their consistency and density will invariably be the same throughout.
The peat and metal-bearing materials,bein g thus combined into a highly-combustible but hard and non-friable form, are placed in any suitable retort and there subjected to destructive distillation sufiicient to liberate and remove the volatile elements, such as tar, oils, gases, &c., and the acids, and to char or carbonize the fiber or fixed carbon without disintegrating or breaking down the blocks or freeing the m etal-bearing particles therein contained.
The resultant product is a hard and dense block of fixed carbon embodied with metalbearing sand or ore, possessing ample carbon to serve as fuel in a red ucin gfurnace, in which a suflicient number of blocks are now placed and the charge subjected to the action of fire. By the incandescence and consumption of the constituent fixed carbon in such an intimate contact with the metal-bearing particles the constituent metals are melted and formed into globules, which fuse and are run off in the ordinary way known to those skilled in the art of smelting metals.
By my present improvement I avail myself of all the benefits arising from the use of charcoal in the reduction of iron and other metals, while reducing the labor of feeding the furnace, insuring even and thorough combustion and fusion, economizing in cost of fuel, and enhancing the efficiency of the method of using peat in connection with the recovery of metals from sands and finely-divided ores; and, furthermore, I produce a new article of manufacture and commerce in the block of combined charcoal and ore, as such blocks can be disposed of to smelting-works, being complete in themselves and remaining intact and unimpaired by storage for any length of time.
I do not limit myself to the precise details of the operation nor to the means above described for producing the beneficial results stated, as they may be varied without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of my invention.
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:
The improved art or method of reducing metallic sands, or pulverized ores, in connection and combination with peat-charcoal as a binding and combustible material, which consists, essentially, in the following sequence of operations, viz: first, drying the raw or natural peat sufficiently to deprive it of all but the atmospheric degree of moisture; second, breaking or separating it into fragments; third, incorporating or mixing such peat with the metallic sands, or pulverized ores while both materials are perfectly cold; fourth, causing such combined materials to fall by gravitation into a forming-tube, or mold in evenly-disposed successive charges, and subjecting such charges therein to vertically-ap plied compression against a yielding resistance, whereby the formative pressure upon all of the successively-formed blocks shall be the same irrespective of varying density of such charges, and evenly-hard blocks separate blocks are produced; fifth, eliminating the volatile elements by charring or carbonizing such blocks in a retort; and sixth, subjecting such carbonized blocks to the action of fire in a reducing-furnace for the recovery of the metals, substantially as set forth.
AROHIBALD A. DIOKSON. lVitnesses:
JAMES R. SILLIMAN, A. W. ANGLIN.
ICC
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US569821A true US569821A (en) | 1896-10-20 |
Family
ID=2638525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US569821D Expired - Lifetime US569821A (en) | dickson |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US569821A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2766795A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1956-10-16 | Iowa State College Res Found | Method of segmenting corncobs |
US4643108A (en) * | 1986-01-03 | 1987-02-17 | Singelyn Daniel D | Apparatus for dehydrating metal hydroxide sludge |
US4734998A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1988-04-05 | Jimmy Wells Needham | Method and apparatus for dehydrating toxic chemical sludge |
-
0
- US US569821D patent/US569821A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2766795A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1956-10-16 | Iowa State College Res Found | Method of segmenting corncobs |
US4643108A (en) * | 1986-01-03 | 1987-02-17 | Singelyn Daniel D | Apparatus for dehydrating metal hydroxide sludge |
US4734998A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1988-04-05 | Jimmy Wells Needham | Method and apparatus for dehydrating toxic chemical sludge |
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