US566037A - Method of manufacturing edged tools - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing edged tools Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US566037A US566037A US566037DA US566037A US 566037 A US566037 A US 566037A US 566037D A US566037D A US 566037DA US 566037 A US566037 A US 566037A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- manufacturing
- edged tools
- tools
- article
- edged
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940033123 Tannic Acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N Tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000006523 Abies balsamea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940074391 Gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 240000002799 Prunus avium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- LWILLIAM K. THOMPSON a citizen of the United States, residing at Alexandria, in the county of Madison and, State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Manufacturing Edged Tools, of which the following is a specification.
- My invention relates to an improvement in the method of manufacturing edged tools, one of the objects being to effectually prevent the rusting or discoloration and injuring of such articles by exposure to atmospheric changes or any of the causes which commonly produce such results.
- Another object of the invention is to overcome or avoid the objectionable results incident to finishing such tools by the methods commonly employed.
- the article after being forged, edged, and pressed in the usual manner, is subjected to the action of abrading material to impart a comparatively smooth surface to its exterior. Then it is heated, in any desired and suitable manner, until it assumes a light cherry red color, when it is immersed in brine and thereby thoroughly hardened. Any scale which may have formed on the part heated or any dirt which may have become lodged thereon is then removed by a rough-wheel, which effectually cleans the article and gives it a relatively bright appearance. Then the tool is tempered. After the metal has been brought to the desired color it is immersed in a tub or vessel containing boiling water, the temperature of the water being preferably maintained at the boiling-point by admitting steam there to. The tool is retained in this bath of boiling water until it is of substantially the same manner.
- this solution is formed by steeping in water the bark of oak, hemlock, or other suitable trees and concentrating the solution, by evaporation or otherwise, until it contains from two and one-half to two and three-quarters percent, more or less, of tannic acid.
- the articles are simply immersed in this tannic-acid solution and instantly removed therefrom. On exposure to the atmosphere the last-named solution tends to coagulate, and therefore it is necessary that shortly prior to the complete drying of the article the gumlike substance which has been formed at the lowest point thereof must be removed.
- the action of the tannic-acid solution on the metal is to form an oxid which imparts a dull brownish or bronze-like color to the exterior surfaces and which effectually prevents the rusting of the article when brought into contact with moisture or any of the conditions which tend to produce that result.
- the bitt thereof is raised off, preferably by means of an emery-wheel, to give the desired smooth and finished appearance to that portion of the tool.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM K. THOMPSON, OF ALEXANDRIA, INDIANA.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING EDGED TOOLS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 566,037, dated August 18, 1896.
Application filed December 9,1895. Serial No 571,576. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern/.-
Be it known that LWILLIAM K. THOMPSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Alexandria, in the county of Madison and, State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Manufacturing Edged Tools, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to an improvement in the method of manufacturing edged tools, one of the objects being to effectually prevent the rusting or discoloration and injuring of such articles by exposure to atmospheric changes or any of the causes which commonly produce such results.
Another object of the invention is to overcome or avoid the objectionable results incident to finishing such tools by the methods commonly employed.
Heretofore in the manufacture of such tools it has been customary, after tempering the article, to submit it to the action of grinding or abrading wheels for the purpose of imparting a polish and the desired finished appearance to the exterior surfaces thereof. Such a step, however, is objectionable, because of the fact that the operation frequently affects the temper of the tool and materially dam ages it. To overcome these objectionable features of the common practice is one of the main objects of my improvements.
In carrying out my invention the article, after being forged, edged, and pressed in the usual manner, is subjected to the action of abrading material to impart a comparatively smooth surface to its exterior. Then it is heated, in any desired and suitable manner, until it assumes a light cherry red color, when it is immersed in brine and thereby thoroughly hardened. Any scale which may have formed on the part heated or any dirt which may have become lodged thereon is then removed by a rough-wheel, which effectually cleans the article and gives it a relatively bright appearance. Then the tool is tempered. After the metal has been brought to the desired color it is immersed in a tub or vessel containing boiling water, the temperature of the water being preferably maintained at the boiling-point by admitting steam there to. The tool is retained in this bath of boiling water until it is of substantially the same manner.
temperature as the water, when it is removed, and as soon as the moisture thereon has evaporated or been removed by suitable means, but while the metal is still hot, it is immersed in a solution of water and bark. Preferably this solution is formed by steeping in water the bark of oak, hemlock, or other suitable trees and concentrating the solution, by evaporation or otherwise, until it contains from two and one-half to two and three-quarters percent, more or less, of tannic acid. The articles are simply immersed in this tannic-acid solution and instantly removed therefrom. On exposure to the atmosphere the last-named solution tends to coagulate, and therefore it is necessary that shortly prior to the complete drying of the article the gumlike substance which has been formed at the lowest point thereof must be removed.
The action of the tannic-acid solution on the metal is to form an oxid which imparts a dull brownish or bronze-like color to the exterior surfaces and which effectually prevents the rusting of the article when brought into contact with moisture or any of the conditions which tend to produce that result.
In the manufacturing of axes, to'which this process is particularly applicable, the bitt thereof is raised off, preferably by means of an emery-wheel, to give the desired smooth and finished appearance to that portion of the tool.
The advantages of such a process as that hereinbefore described will be readily understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art.
It will be seen that I dispense entirely with the grinding and polishing which is required to give the article a bright appearance after being tempered when made in the ordinary In the case of the manufacture of axes, also, I save painting the poll of the ax, and by the omission of the steps mentioned insure that the temper of the tool, after once fixed,will not be changed by subsequent steps in the process, and also materially reduce the cost of manufacture.
I am aware that prior to my invention it has been proposed, in a process for ornamenting and improving the appearance of metallic slabs, to first rough the surface of the metal by the application of acid, then immerse the metal in a solution containing gallic and tannic acid for the purpose of forming a solid substance in the cavities, and then applying a coating of fireproof paint to the slabs; also that it has been proposed to color gunbarrels and similar articles by coating them with an acid paste for a sufficient length of time to change the color of the metal, and such improvements I do not claim. I do claim, however, the above-described process of manufacturing edged tools, which will be hereinafter more specifically pointed out.
Having thus described my improvements, What I claim is 1. The herein-described improvement in the method of manufacturing edged tools, which consists in first hardening a blank, then removing scale therefrom, then tempering the article, then raising the temperature of the same, and While it is in this heated condition immersing it in an acid bath, whereby a uniform color is imparted to the article and the formation of rust thereon is prevented, substantially as set forth.
2. The herein-described improvement in the method of manufacturing edged tools, Which consists in first hardening the tool, then removing scale therefrom, then tempering the metal then immersing it in a bath of boiling Water until it is of the same temperature as the Water, and finally immersing it, While at the last said temperature, in a tannic-acid solution, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In testimony whereof I at'fix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
WVILLIAM K. THOMPSON.
Witnesses:
GEORGE T. Peron, JAMES HORNER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US566037A true US566037A (en) | 1896-08-18 |
Family
ID=2634750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US566037D Expired - Lifetime US566037A (en) | Method of manufacturing edged tools |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US566037A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3968313A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1976-07-06 | Pearlman Martin B | Surface treatment |
-
0
- US US566037D patent/US566037A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3968313A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1976-07-06 | Pearlman Martin B | Surface treatment |
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