US565607A

US565607A - deport

Info

Publication number: US565607A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1896-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 1913-08-11

Description

(No Model.)

l J.A.DBPOR.T. HYDRAULIC BRAKE APPARATUS FOR ORDNANCEf By his florneys. mghm 4sneets-.Snen 2. J.A.DEP0RT. 1 'EYDR'AULI YBRAKE APPARATUS FOR ORDNANCE. N53; 555,360?.

No Model.)

Patented Aug. 11, 1896.

WTNISSES 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' (No Model.)

J.A.DEP0RT. HYDRAULIC BRAKE APPARATUS FOR ORDNANOE. No. 565,607. l

, Patented Aug. 11, 1896. FIGJ- nvm/vrom Q W/TNESSES i'NO Model.) 4 Sheet'S-Sh'et 4.

J. A. DEPORT.

HYDRAULG BRAKE APPARATUS FOR ORDNANGB. A No. 565,607. Patented Aug. 11, 1896.

FIC-5 9- llNirnn STATES FArRNr @einen JOSEPH ALBERT DEPORT, on PARIS, FRANCE.

HYoRAuLlo-BRAKE APPARATUS FORORDNANCR.

`SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 565,607, dated August 11, 1896. Application filed May 3l, 1895. Serial No. 551,240. KNO model.) Patented iu England April 19, 1895,1l'o. '7,874-

Vw'o @Il wher?, t may concern:

Beit known that I, JOSEPH ALBERT YDn- PORT, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic- Brake Apparatus for Utilizing the Energy Developed by the Recoil of Ordnance, (being the subject-matter of LettersPatent in Great Britain, No. 7,874,'dated April 19, 1895,) of which the following is a specification. y

My invention relatesv to improvements in the hydraulic brakes applied to ordnance for checking the recoil, the object of my invention being to utilize a portion of the energy of the recoil, not merely for obtaining the automatic return of the gun to battery, but also for employing this energy for the aiming or charging of the gun, While at the same time assuring an effective operation during the re coil and during the return of the gun to battery. For this purpose I so arrange the hydraulic ,brake that during a considerable part of the recoil the liquid compressed by the piston passes Wholly or partially into accumulators, Where it is made either to compress springs or air, passing for this purpose through one or more check-valves, which retain the fluid-pressure forced in, soas to store it up for subsequent'use. At the end of the said portion of the recoil the liquid forced by the brake no longer passes through the said valves into the accumulator, and the brake then acts as an ordinary hydrauli1 brake for limiting the recoil to the prescribed extent of travel.

The liquid under pressure in the accumulators may serve for running the gun into po- A sition again when this is not effected by grav?.

ity, and -it may also be utilized in various hydraulic apparatus serving foi-pointing the gunor for loading or vmaneuvering the same, after which the liquid is made to pass back to the brake apparatus through a conduit provided with a check-valve arranged to close during lthe recoil.

A chamber or reservoir for receiving the overflow from the accumulators and the spent liquid from the said subsidiary hydraulic apparatus is generally interposed in the` channel between the said apparatusv and the hydraulic brake, from which chamber the liquidis then supplied to the brake.

In some cases I so arrange the brake as t'o` cause it to compress air during the recoil,

which is then used either for running the gun l into position or for expelling the explosion' gases remaining in the gun after firing, or for Aany other purposes.

- tubular and re eives a xed stem, modified according to my invention. Figa 3 illustrates I a further feature of myf invention, beinga construction based upon Fig. 2, with the additional provision of means for utilizing the stored hydraulic power for effecting the running out of'the gun to'battery. Fig.v 4 shows in elevation the brake-cylinder of Fig. 3 and shows is section the breech portion ofthe gun c and the rear portion of. the hollow piston-rod,

illustrating a further feature of my invention' wl ereby compressed air is injected into the gun after iii-ing for expelling gases of combustion. Fig. 5' is a section'on a larger scale of the compressed-air Yadmission shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional View showing a modification of the brake-cylinder illustrated in Fig. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation illustrating an apparatus embodying all the features of my invention, the hydraulic-'brake apparatus being in sect-ion on the line 7 7 in Fig. 9. Fig. 8 is a plan, half in horizontal section,I on the line 8l-8 in Fig. fl. Fig. 9 is a transverse section on the line 9 D in Fig. S.

In all the figures the parts are in the position assumed immediately after the commencement of the recoil.

Referring, first, to Fig. l, A is the piston, which is attached tothe cannon. -B is the hydraulic cylinder, and Gis the by-pass channel in this cylinder, having a progressivelydecreasing section. Sometimes the piston is provided with an orifice closed by a checkvalve D, which opens during the return to battery.\

sion of springs or by compressed air, (the latter being shown in Fig. y8,) and which store the liquid driven out by the piston while the lat.

ter is traveling from its first position to the .branching off of the conduit E. From these accumulatore lead ducts which extend to the apparatus of utilization, such as presses or hydraulic cylinders,4 (indicated 'at IL) and which are employed in the aiming or the reloading of the cannon. The liquid flowing from these apparatus runs into an overflowtank, cistern, or other'reservoir I, which also receives, if necessary, the excess of liquid from the accumulator-s which flows -over through a small tube K. This reservoir I communicates with the brake by a conduit L, provided with a valve M, arranged to close during the recoil, and to open during the movement to battery.

This brakeoperates as follows: While the,

piston is moving back from its initial position of rest to the branching olf of the conduit E the valves D and M are closed. The brake forces .into the` accumulators past the valve F the liquid which is displaced by the piston, except a small quantity which leaks past the piston through the channel C. From the moment that therpiston passes the valve' F' to the `end of its travel the valve F is outsideA of the action of the liquid compressed by the piston, and it is' closed by the pressure from the accumulators. During the second part of the travel of the piston the brake becomes in effect an ordinary brake, the channel progressively decreasing and coming to an end before the piston reaches the end of the cylinder, so that the piston cushions upon the liquid retained in the end of the cylinder, s o as to finally arrest the recoil of the cannon. During the return movement to battery the valve M opens and the reservoir I permits liquid tofloW out into the body of the cylinder for replacing' that which was previously forced into the aecum ulator. Toward theend of this movement the piston A encounters the liquid which had leaked around it: during the recoil and com-presses it, whereupon this liquid passes through the channel C,- as Wellas by the orice closed byy the valve I),'if rthis orifice is provided, so that this liquid serves the purpose of moderating the speed of the return of the gun to battery. The prrpose of the reservoir I is to afford a supply or assuring the refilling ofthe brakecylinder,j notwithstanding the variable consumption of the apparatus of utilization llence the reservoir may be interposed or simply branched on the conduit returning to the brake o1' on the brake itself. y As another example of hydraulic brake to which ifny invention is applicable I have iny accumulators, (shown at G,) operating either by the compres:

dicated in Fig. 2 a brake in Whiclithe pistonrod is made tubular and has a fixed stem I projecting into it for regulating the running out ofthe gun to battery. This figure shows the arrangementrequired to adapt my invention to this ty'pe of hydraulic brake. These conditions are the same as in the preceding case. In thisconstruetion the by-pass chair nel C is shortened to restrict it to that part of the brake-cylinder traversed during the last part of the travel of the piston.

Y ,Fig. 3` shdws. an example of the application of my system-to a hydraulic brake which isconstructed for effecting the ruiming out of the gun to battery by the'action of the liquid-pressure stored in the accumulators. The brake shown in Fig. 3 is analogous to that shown in` Fig. 2. The piston-rod is hollow and forms a hydraulic cylinder A' foi` the piston P, formed on the fixed piston-rod, this rod being provided with a central channel Q, which is in permanent communica` tion with the compressed liquid in the accumulator. It is seen that in this arrangement the means for utilizing the energy of the recoil are the same as in the preceding.

I sometimesconstruct this brake in such manner as during the movement to battery to furnish in addition compressed air, which vI employ for purging the gun of offensive gases before the opening of the breech. 'lille connections required for this purpose are shown in Fig-4. During the recoilthe vacuum which tends to form in the cylinder'A is relieved-'from the outer air, which opens the ICO check-valve R and fills this cylinder. During the return to battery the valve R closes, the air is compressed and lifts the valve S, which is provided in the cannon and placed just in front of the obturator or gas-check T. This valve is restored ,to place by its Weight,aided, if necessar by the action of a spring or else by the act `of introducing the projectile. The valve is shown'ona larger scale in Fig. 5.

Figs. 7, S, and 9 showin combination the complete apparatus provided with all the features of my invention. The same letters are applied as in the preceding figures. The construction of brake-cylinder here. shown is vthe same as that shown in Fig. 3, with the additionof the means for pumping air into the barrel of `the can-non during the return to battery shown in Fig. 4. g'

The construction lof accumulator shown in Fig. 6 operates by the utilization of cm- `pressed 'air for expelling the Water, a movable piston g being provided as a partition between the Water-chamber and the compressed-air chamber. zation apparatus II is hereshown as a hydraulic cylinder and pistonconuected to the gun-carriage in such manner as to tilt the latter in aiming the gun.v Y

Instead of putting the arrangement for return to batteryin the central part of the brake andthe means for checking the recoil in the annular exterior portion, as shown in Fig, 3,

The hydraulic uti1i-` the accumulator'. I

the reverse arrangement may be adopted. 4lhis arrangement is shown in Fig. 6. In this brake the annular space exterior to the hollow cylinder A" is in permanent communication with the accumulator and serves-to assure the return to battery. The recoil-brake is arranged in the interior' of this cylinder by means of the central piston-rod P and the bypass groove C. During the recoil of the hollow piston A the liquid compressed in the interior brake Hows-out through the oriiice E', through the bore of the piston-rod, and lifts the valve F, flowing thence by the duct E to Thelcw of liquid into the accumulator ceases when the piston arrives at the opening E', and from this moment and nntil the end of the recoil the brake apparatus is an ordinary brake having a channel C of progressively-diminishing capacity. The reentry into the brake of the liquid from the reservoir and the apparatus of utilization 'is eiected by the conduit L, provided with a valve N, arranged to close during the recoil and to open during the return to battery.

By these examples it is seen that the mode of organization of the hydraulic brakes for economizing the energy of the recoil after my system consists in each casein 'dividing the course of the brake into two parts by means of a lateral orifice in communication with the accumulator, and provided with a checkvalve. During the Aiirst part of the course, which extends from the initial position of the piston until the instant when it reaches this oriiice,there is forced into the accumulator the liquid displaced by the piston. From this instant the charging of the accumulator ceases and the brake becomes an ordinary hydraulic brake with a` by-pass of progressively-decreasing capacity, capable of e'liectively taking up the remaining energy of recoil.

W'hat l claim isl. A hydraulic -brake apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and piston, a lateral opening from said cylinder having an outwardly-opening check-valve and located to be passed by the piston before the end of the movement of recoil, and an accumulator connected to saidopening to rcc`cive the liquid which passes said valve,

whereby during the recoil the 1 piston forces liquid ont of said lateral opening and stores its pressure insaid accumulator until the piston passes said opening, and during the remaining travel of the piston inA said cylinder it acts as a simple hydraulic brake.

2. A hydraulic-brake apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and, piston, a lateral opening from said cylinder having an outwardly-opening check-valve and located to be passed by the piston before the` end of the movement of recoil, a by-pass channel for permitting alimited vllow of liquid around the piston durinfr the remainderof the movement ol' recoil, an an accumulator conv neeted to said opening' to receive the liquid which passes said valve, whereby during the recoil the piston forces liquidl out of said lateral opening and Istores its pressure in said accumulator until the piston passes said opening, and during the remaining travel of the piston in said cylinder it acts as a simple hy dranlic brake regulated by the action of said by-pass channel. c

3. A hydraulic-brake apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and piston, a lateral opening from said cylinder having an outwardly-opening check-valve and ton in said cylinder it acts as a simple hy.

draulie brake.

4. A hydraulic-brakeY apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and piston, a lateral opening from said cylinder hav- 'ing an outwardly-opening check-valve and located to be passed by the piston before the end of the movement of recoil, an accumulator connected tosaid opening to receive the liquid which passes said valve, a reservoir for the surplus or spent liquid, and a conduit for drawing liquid from said reservoir t0 the brake-cylinder tol reiill the latter during the movement of running out the gun to battery.

5. A hydraulic-brake apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and piston, a lateral opening from said cylinder having an outwardly-opening check-valve and located to be passed by the piston before the end of the movement of recoil, an accumulator connected to said opening to receive the liquid which passes said valve, a reservoir for the surplus .or spent liquid, and aconduit for drawing liquid from said reservoir to the brake-cylinder t'o'rell the latter during the movement of running out the gun to battery, and a check-valve for said conduit adapted to open for drawing liquid into the cylinder and to close during the recoil.

6. A hydraulic-bral're apparatus for ordnance, comprising a brake-cylinder, a piston movable therein having a hollow rod, a. tu-

bular fixed stem in said hollow rod formed with a piston fitting thc same, whereby are constituted' two cylinders with pistons the one exterior to said hollow piston-rod and the other within'the same, a lateral opening from one of said cylinders having an out- Wardly-opening check-valve and located to be passed by the piston thereof before the end of the movement of recoil, an accumulator connected to said opening to receive the liquid which passes said valve, and a conduit from said accumulator communicating with the other of said cylinders and adapted to conduct liquid under pressure fromsaid aclOO` XIO

oumulator to said cylinder for restoring,- the parts and thereby running out the gun to battery.

7. A hydraulic-brake apparatus for ordlnance, comprising a brake-cylinder and piston, anaecumulator connected therewith, a secondary cylinder, an air-admission checkvalvel to the latter, and .avalved air-outlet conduit therefrom leading to the bore of the gun, combined and adapted to compress air in said secondary cylinder during the movement of the gun to battery, and to admit said compressed air to the breech portion of the gun for expelling th'e gases of combustion.

8. -A Ihydraulic-brake apparatus for ordnance, comprising; a brake-cylinder, a piston movable therein, a hollow piston-rod therefor its interior forming a secondary cylinder, a

'.xed piston in said rod having a stationary stem, said hollow piston-rod providedwith an air-inlet check-valve adapted to admit air dur ing the recoil, and4 With a valved .conduit Witnesses.

lJOSEPH ALBERT DEPORT Witnesses: p f ,l

CLYDE SHRoPsHIRn,- y JULES ARMENGAUD,` Jeune.