US558221A - Shedding mechanism for looms - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 6 SheetsF-Sheet 1.

A. SNOEGK. SHEDDING MECHANISM FOR LOOM S.

Rue/#7 6014 mart 15100661; EM 5' Patented Apr. 14, 1896.

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No. 55 ,221. Patented A r.' 14,- 1896.

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A. SNOEOK. SHEDDING MECHANISM FOR LooMs;

'No. 558,221. PatentedApr. 14,1896.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

A. SNOEOK. SHEDDING MBGHANISM'POR LOOMS.

No. 558,221. Patented Apr. 14,1896;

UNiTlED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT SNOECK, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

SHEDDING MECHANISM FOR LOOMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 558,221, dated April 14, 1896. Application filed February 18,1892. Renewed September 5, 1895. Serial No. 561,752. (No model.)

To col], whom it may concern.-

Be it known that LALBERT SN OECK,of Hartford, Hartford county, Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Shedding Mechanism for Looms, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

Fancy-looms containing upright levers having attached jacks, as in United States Patent No. 77,361, dated April 28, 1868, and in the form of fancy-loom represented by United States Patent No. 134,992, dated Januaryzl, 1873, have in practice been provided with pattern-chains,substantially such as represented in United States Patent No. 363,367, dated May 24, 1887, said chains being composed of a series of bars having rolls or protuberances. In practice these chains contain anywhere y from twelve to five hundred bars, according to the intricacy of the pattern or the number of picks in the design. The order of distribution of the jacks to control the order of shedding depends upon the peculiar location of the projections and spaces on the successive bars of the pattern-chain, and in setting up a chain for the production of a particular pattern great care has to be taken to avoid mistakes, and only a careful hand can be depended upon for this work. The setting up of the rolls and spaces on the consecutive bars of the chain and pushing the bars in the links of the chain and joining the links together is also a slow and tedious operation-as, for instance, it will require about two days time of a good workman to set up a pattern-chain having four hundred bars. This class of chain is quite expensive to make, and I being of metal is, it 'will be obvious, quite heavy, and the longer the chain the greater the power required to work it. These chains are further objectionable because of their lack of durability, as in practice the joints of the chain-links and the bars wear, so that the chain fails to register with the cylinder as when new, and the rolls and tubes on the bars wear, so that they fail to operate the jacks uniformly, and as a result thereof mispicks are occasioned. Occasionally, because of a flaw or otherwise, part of a roll breaks out and in such case there is a mispick.

v out leading chains up or down into another room, which is not an infrequent occurrence. This my present invention has forits object to avoid the use of these metallic patternchains, and in doing this I have provided an endless -belt-like pattern-surface, which is thoroughly flexible, yet strong and durable, and have combined with it a series of needles acted upon directly at one end by the patternsurface and provided with eyes for the reception of selecting-rods, which are made to slide longitudinally in said eyes by means of a jack-elevator, the latter acting upon such ones of the selecting-rods as are put in the path of its movement by the needles acted upon by the pattern-surface, the said selecting-rods acting directly upon fingers which in turn act against notched jacks connected with harness levers, so that said notched jacks are put into position to be acted upon one or the other of their projections by a suitable lifter or depressor common to the said Crompton orto the said Knowles type of loom. The Jacquard pattern-surface used will be made of a web of paper, the paper being pref- 8o erably strengthened by a fabric. The tougher the nature of the paper the longer the life of the pattern-surface.

The pattern-surface in accordance with my invention hangs on a substantially cylindrical 8 5 roll or barrel having holes, the paper being provided with holes distributed according to the requirements of the pattern in usual manner.

In the practice of my invention, as herein illustrated, the roll or barrel carrying the paper pattern is rotated intermittingly to bring a proper row of holes in position and then moved toward and against the ends of the needles to cause the selecting-rods cooperat- 5 ing with the jacks to be lifted to be placed or kept within the range of movement of the jack-elevator and to enable the roll or barrel to have these movements in the proper time, direction, and order without injury to the mo parts and yet enable the roll or barrel to be rotated by a pawl device, as usual, I have had to provide means to rotate the pattern-surface as it approaches the needles and to prevent further rotation of the barrel after the pattern-surface is in contact with and is mov ing the needles. -As shown in Figures 1 and 2, I have done this by mounting the pawl on a movable fulcrum, so that the pawl may fol low the roll or barrel during the time that the pattern-surface is in contact with the needles; but this part of my invention is not to be limited to the exact devices shown for this purpose.

It will be obvious that the employment of a Jacquard pattern-surface, composed of a nonmetallic light-weight, cheap, flexible material comparatively inexpensive, is a matter of very considerable importance to manufacturers, for by using any of the various machines or devices employed for punching ordinary Jacquard cards pattern-surfaces suitable for use in a loom containing my improvements may be rapidly and inexpensively made, and a great number of different patterns might be made while one pattern was being set up by bars or rolls and links, and, if desired, owing to the nature of the material used by me for the pattern-surface, several like pattern-sun faces may be produced at one and the same operation to go onto several different looms to weave the same pattern.

By the employment of a pattern-surface of the kind mentioned it will be apparent that the pattern-surface may, whenever it is desired to change a loom from one to another pattern, be quickly slipped off and laid away and another pattern-surface be quickly applied to the loom, the pattern-surface laid away, it having cost substantially nothing, except the labor of cuttingholes therein, being ready for reuse at any time desired, which it is obvious can not be done with the metallic pattern-chains without immense cost and without great storage conditions in the factory.

One part of my invention consists, essentially, in a loom containing the following instrumentalities, viz: a series of harness-levers, a series of notched jacks connected thereto, a thin flexible belt-like pattern-surface provided with holes, means to carry said pattern-surface, a series of needles acted upon directly by said pattern-surface, a series of selecting-rods carried by and sliding longitudinally in eyes or guides in said needles, a series of pivoted fingers acted upon by the selecting-rods and cooperating with the jacks to lift them, and a j ack-elevator to act against and slide certain of the selecting-rods to move the fingers and to lift certain of the notched jacks according to the requirements of the pattern-surface, substantially as will be described.

Otherfeatu res of my invention will be hereinafter set forth in the specification and included in the claims at the end thereof.

Fig. 1 is a sufficient portion of one end of a loom containing my improvements to enable my invention to be understood. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of that part of the loom shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear side elevation of the part of the loom shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a partial section in the line as, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows a modification of my invention to be described. Fig. 6.is an enlarged detail, showing one end of the roll or barrel carrying the belt-like pattern-surface composed of paper and cloth, the paper being partially torn away to not only show the cloth, but also to show the carrying studs or pins at one end of the roll or barrel. Fig. 7 is a detail showing one of the needles with its eye for-guiding a selecting device. Fig. 8 is a section in the line 00 of Fig. 6, and Figs. 9 and 10 views of yet another modification showing a pawl with a fixed fulcrum to rotate the pattern-barrel carrying the pattern-surface.

Referring to the drawings, A represents a part of the side frame of a loom, and A an extension to sustain the shed-forming mechanism. A represents a portion of the crankshaft of the loom, it having in practice usual cranks, which are joined by connecting-rods to the lay, (not shown,) but which may be of any known or suitable construction.

In Figs. 1 to 4 I have shown my invention as applied in connection with an upright lever B, having arms or projections B, upon which are pivoted suitable notched jacks B said levers and jacks being of the kind common to United States Patent to Crompton,No. 7 7 ,361, and in practice the said jacks will be engaged by lifters or by depressors, as provided for in said patent, prior to the formation of each shed, and in practice the upper and lower ends of the said levers will be joined by suitable cording to usual harnessframes, substantially as common to the said Crompton or other form of loom having shedforming levers provided with notched jacks.

The crank-shaft A at one end has fast upon it a beveled gear A, which engages a beveled gear A fast on and rotating a shaft A provided with cams O and D, the cam C acting upon an arm 0 attached to a short rock-shaft 0 having a second arm 0 provided at its upper end with a slot, which is entered by a stud O" in one end of a link 0 jointed at its other end in suitable manner to an arm 0 of a rock-shaft C suitably mount-ed in part of the framework, the said rock-shaft having an arm upon which is pivoted a locking device C shown as a spring-controlled lever having at one end a roll adapted to enter cavities in a disk or wheel E (shown best in Fig. 1) attached to the shaft E of the sub stantially cylindrical roll or barrel E carrying the Jacquard pattern-surface E composed of strong paper or other textile material united together at its ends to form an endless flexible belt. The shaft E has its bearings in suitable arms F1 attached to the shaft 0 so that the said roll or barrel carrying the pattern-surface is vibrated at times by the shaft 0 as a center of motion. The

roll or barrel is provided with holes, and the pattern-surface is also provided with suitable IIC the framework.

holes, as a, a portion'only of which are represented in Fig. 1, and as the said pattern-surface is moved in the direction of the arrow near it, Figs. 4 and 5, as provided for in this present embodiment ofmy invention, wherever an unbroken part of the pattern-surface comes against the end of a needle (1, of which there are a series, one for each jack, then the said needle is moved to the right, viewing Figs. 4 and 5; but if there is a hole in the pattern-surface then the needle is not acted upon, but remains at rest. The barrel orpattern surface is vibrated, as described, and made to contact with the needles previous to the formation of each shed. i

The ends or other portions of the needles more or less remote from the pattern-surfaces are suitably bent or shaped to form eyes a as best represented in Figs. 4 and 7, through which are extended loosely the selecting-rods a suitably guided at their upper ends in guides a and preferably each selecting-rod willihave an enlargement a (see Fig. 4); above theguide to prevent the descent of the} selecting-rod below a definite determined} point, said selecting devices sliding longitudinally directly in the eyes of the needles acted upon directly by the pattern-surface.

I11 Fig. 4 I have shown some of the selecting-rods as thrown out of line with relation to other of the selecting-rods-viz. those selecting-rods cooperating with the needles which have been moved longitudinally are supposed to have been moved to the right and put in the plane of movement of the jackelevator 1), consisting, essentially, of abar mounted upon a suitable actuator represented as arms I) attached to a rock-shaft b the said rock-shaft at or near its opposite ends (see Fig. 3) having fast upon it a suitable radius-bar or device I), whichis acted upon by the cam D before described, fast on the shaft A.

The pattern-surface, in order that it may be kept taut and be restrained from swaying at its lower end and in order that it may be kept seated correctly upon a barrel E has, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, cooperating with it a tension-roll D, to the shaft of which (see Figs. 2 and. 3) are connected links D suitably jointed upon suitable stands attached to When the pattern-surface is kept taut by such roll or rolls, it moves like a belt on pulley, and a single row of pins or studs will keep itin the right position.

I have shown the roll or barrel of the pattern-surface as provided at or near the middle of itslength with a series of studs 3, which enter substantially round holes in the patternsurface, and to gain the best results and secure great durability of the parts I have shown and prefer to reinforce the holes in the pattern-surface with eylets 4.

I have shown the roll or barrel E as provided at or near its ends with pins 5, which enter an elongated hole 6 inthe pattern-surface, the said hole being 'elon gated to thereby insure the correct entrance of the pins into the holes during the rotation of the roll or bar- I have found that if the studs are just the shape of the holes-and there is no opportunity for the studs to move in the holesthat under certain conditions of the atmosphere the studs will not properly enter the holes, and then the pattern-surface will not lie fiat upon the roll or barrel, and consequently, not being properly supported by the roll orbarrel, will be quickly worn through or destroyed and result in mispicks.

The holes 6, made in the belt-like surface near its side edges, to be entered by the studs 5 of the substantially circular, cylinder or barrel E are separated each from the other for a comparatively short distance-say from one-half to one inch apart in practice-and hence the changes in the length of the belt due to extreme changes in the weather, as statedchangesnowhere more excessive thanin the United States-are so slight between one and the next hole 6 as not to be materiallyperceptible. When it is considered that the pattern-surface belt is from fifteen to twenty inches wide, then it will be understood that the expansion or contraction of the belt widthwise between the widely-separated holes 6 is sufficient to throw the said holes out ofalinement with the pins 5 from end to end of the cylinder, and consequently an endless paperlikc belt cannot be used practically without elongating the holes 6, as I have discovered by practice, in the direction of the width of the belt. By employing a central row of studs 3 upon thecylinder it is possible to divide the widthwise stretching equally between the center of the belt and the endmost holes.

I experienced great trouble, under climatic changes. common in the United States, to use an endless Jacquard belt composed wholly of paper; but I discovered by experiment that the expansion of the paper might 'be controlled largely as to its extent by lining the paper with a web of cloth, the cloth web extending, however, across the paper web substantially from edge to edge. The greatest difficulty from the weather is in the width of the belt. The cloth lining for the paper, besides diminishing the expansion, added very materially to the strength of the belt and enabled it to wear much longer where it contacted with the needles, or, in other words, the cloth backed the paper.

I could not derive any material benefit as to counteracting the expansion widthwise of the pattern-belt by the employment of a series of tapes extending lengthwise of the belt in the line of the holes 6, and I disclaim, therefore, the use of such tapes.

The shaft E of the roll or barrel carrying the pattern-surface has upon it a suitable lantern-wheel or equivalent device, the pins ofwhich are engaged-by suitable teeth-of a double-actin g pawl e, the direction of rotation IIO of the said shaft depending upon whether the upper or lower arm of the pawl is operative. The pawl is mounted upon a movable or swinging fulcrum 6 carried by a lever 6 pivoted at e and having a toe 6 An arm 6 of the pawl has a suitable guide through which is extended a rod 6 connected loosely to a suitable stud e on the rocker-plate e, the said rod near its left-hand end, as shown in Fig. 2, having nuts or a head 10, against which abuts a spring 12, the opposite end of which acts on the arm a of the arm 6.

Fig. 2 shows the pawl in its normal condition, the pattern-chain in practice being moved in the direction of the arrow, Fig; 2; but should it be desired to reverse the direction of the movement of the pattern-surface the rocker-plate 6" will be turned in the direction of the arrow near it in Fig. 2, causing the spring 12, acting on the arm a, to turn the pawl-carrier e and put its under arm in operative position with relation to the lanternwheel.

The link 0 is provided with a suitable bunter 13, (shown as an adjustable screw held in an ear 14 of the said link,) and as the link is moved in the direction of the arrow 15, Fig. 2, the bunter strikes the toe e and swings the'lever e in a direction to carry the pivotal point e of the pawl e to the right, viewing Fig. 2, such movement taking place during the time that the rock-shaft O is being turned to cause the pattern-surface to act against and move the needle longitudinally.

The roll or barrel carrying the pattern-surface is rotated during the first part of the in ward movement of the arms F. of the rockshaft 0 the lever e at such time resting against the stop 16, Fig. 2, the lever being normally kept against said stop by a suitable spring 17, (represented chiefly by dotted lines, Fig. 2;) but as soon as the yoke has acted to turn the roll or lantern-wheel the distance of one tooth, which represents the distance between one and the next operative row of holes it may be in the pattern-surface, the bunter 13 strikes the lever e and moves it, as stated, thus preventing further rotation of the roll or barrel.

It is of great importance to be able to find as speedily as possible the shed next back of the one in which the mispick occurs. In all looms now made where a Jacquard chain is used on a pattern-barrel, which is swung toward and from the needle and also rotated, it is customary to rotate the barrel as it is being moved away from-the needle, and when the loom is stopped the barrel is always substantially at its greatest distance from the needle, and the barrel has always been turned one step and stands with the holes to indicate the next shed ready to cooperate with the needles at the next inward movement of the barrel carrying the pattern-cards. Now in case of a mispick the operator has to shift the hooks for rotating the barrel, so that it will be turned baokwardly instead of forwardly,

and the 100111 is started, usually slowly, and operated partially by hand, but without throwing the shuttle and leaving the weft in the shed until the barrel has been turned back from two to three shedsnever less than two sheds-and when the proper shed has been reached the operator will again shift the hooks and start the loom in regular operation. In my invention, however, wherein the pattern cylinder is turned as it approaches the needle, the row of holes making the last shed is left facing the needles when the loom is stopped with the cylinder farthest from the needles, and consequently the next shed behind the one with the mispick can be reached by but one movement of the cylinder, the operator having only to shift the pawl to put its reverse projection in the line of movement of the cylinder, and as the cylinder is moved toward the needles it is rotated back one step and opens without fail the shed next back of that one in which the mispick occurred. The provision for turning the barrel carrying the belt-like patternsurface during'the inward movement of the barrel toward the cylinder is therefore productive of such saving of time that the aggregate in a large mill using many looms becomes a matter of very considerable saving and value.

By the term endless belt I mean to include an endless web as contradistinguished from a series of separate cards tied or jointed together.

Fig. 2 shows the fulcrum e as moved back, as when the needles have been pushed in.

In practice in this present loom, as in others prior to my invention, the shaft E which carries the shed-forming pattern-surface is also provided with a suitable roll or barrel to carry the shuttle-box pattern-surface G, composed of like material and operated under conditions similar to that of the pattern-surface E I have combined with the rocking plate 6 a locking-lever f controlled by a spring f, and, as shown, provided with a roller to enter one or another notch in the said plate according to the position of the latter. If the roller carried by the locking device f is in the notch 19 of the plate, then the rod 6 acting through the spring and arm c ,will throw into operative p0 sition the lower teeth of the pawl to rotate the roll or barrel carrying the pattern-surface, but in a reverse direction.

Referring to Fig. i, it will be seen that I have interposed between selecting-rods a and the notched jacks a series of fingers g, pivoted at one end, said fingers preferably carrying antifriction-rolls to act directly against the jacks.

It will be obvious to those conversant with looms that my invention, with but slight modifications, may be easily and readily adapted to any form of loom wherein a jack of any kind is adapted to be put into one of two positions at desired times in order that it,or some part of it, may be acted upon by some sort of a lifter or depressor. For instance, I may apply my invention to that class of looms of which the Knowles loom, represented in said United States Patent to Knowles, No. 134,992, is a type. I have shown myinvention in Fig. 5 as adapted to such type of loom, and in said figure h is supposed to represent the elevator and h the depressor, they consisting of fluted gears adapted to engage toothed gears 71 carried by vibrating levers h pivoted at If, the said levers and toothed gears constituting one form of jack, the toothed gears being in practice joined by suitable connections 7L5 with the levers h, all common to the said Knowles patent, which levers h are in practice connected at their ends with suitable cording with the harness-frames.

In Fig. 5 E represents a roll or barrel like the one designated by similar letter in Fig. 4, it in practice carrying a pattern-surface such as provided for in Figs. 1 and 4.

In Fig. 5 I have applied upon the shaft h of the elevator h a cam 72 which acts on an arm 77., attached to arock-shaft 71, supposed to be the same as the rock-shaft O in Fig. 2, suitable arms, as h, depending from said rock-shaft, carrying theshaft of the roll or barrel E In Fig. 5 I have also'representedacam, as it, applied to the shaft 71 of the depressor h, said cam acting upon an arm 71 connected with a rock-shaft it supposed to be the same as the rock-shaft 79 (see Fig. 4,) said rockshaft having arms 71 corresponding with the arms I) of Fig. 4, which arms 72. carry a jack elevator Z), the latter acting upon such of the selecting-rods a as may 'have theirlower ends placed in range of its movement by or through the'needles a, acted upon by the patternsurface, as provided for in Fig. 4.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a series of fingers g as interposed between the selecting-rods and the jacks 71 i I have omitted from Fig. 5 the means for rotating the roll or barrel carrying the patternsurface, butin practice the means will be substantially the same in construction and principle of operation as described and represented in Fig. 2..

In Fig. 3 I have shown a series of levers m which may be employed in connection with a shuttle box actuating mechanism. (Not shown.) I have in this present case merely shown said lever in order that it may be seen that the same class of pattern-surface which I have described at length in connection with shed-forming devices and the same selecting rods and intermediate devices may be employed to distribute the levers 071 so that in devices which are to be lifted or selected by.

or through the selecting-rod. I therefore consider as within the term jack as herein used any lever or radius-bar which is distributedthrough the action of a pattern-surface as, for instance, the levers used in connection with a shuttle-box mechanism.

The pattern-surface may be of any flexible material-such, for instance, as cloth or paper-but paper and cloth combined is considered best.

In Fig. 8 N is supposed to represent a layer of cloth. I

Notwithstanding I prefer that the pawl for rotating the barrel carrying the pattern-surface shall slide as 'well as turn about a pivot, yet this my invention is not in all instances to be limited to such a pivot, for it is possible by means of a pawl on a stationary pivot to rotate the barrel E during the first part of its movement toward the needles, and let the pattern-surface therefor be carried against and moved in the direction of the length of the needles to cause them to distribute the jack-selectors, the barrel being locked against rotation so long as the patternsurface is acting on the needles. A device of this sort is shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In these figures, which are diagrams, (3 is a rock-shaft; E, arms thereof carrying the shaft E, on which is the barrel E to carry the pattern-surface,

and O is a locking-lever moving a roll to enter a concavityin the periphery of a locking-plate attached to the shaft E. C is a spring, and a needles, all as provided for in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. e

In Figs. 9 and 10 T represents a pawl pivoted at T, the fulcrum of the pawl being stationary; and this pawl in practice will have two like arms, one being partially broken off to avoid confusion on the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 9, it by full lines shows the barrel in its farthest outward position away from the needles a, and in such position its pins 60 are to the left of, not against, the shoulder of the upper pawl-arm, and the roll 61 is in a notch of the plate 62. As the rock-shaft O is turned, as described, with relation to Figs. 1 to 3 by the cam O to move the barrel E to the right, a pin 60 will strike the shoulder of the pawl and the rotation of the barrel will be started, and the roll 61 will come into position on a point between two concavities of the plate 62, as shown by dotted lines, and the spring 0 thereafter acting on the lever C and roll 61, will cause the latter by its pressure on the said point to further rotate the said barrel 1 to complete a movement to bring a n ew row of holes of the pattern-surface in position opposite the ends of the needles, and the roll 61 then entering the next space in the plate 62 will lock the same during the further movement of the barrel to the right, as in dotted lines, Fig. 10. The'roll 61 in rotating the same by pressure against one side of the point referred to causes the pin 60, just before in engagement with the shoulder of the ITO pawl, to be carried back away from the said shoulder into the position shown by dotted lines, Fig. 10, so that the motion of the roll may be continued by or through the arms E for a distance equal to that between the said pin and the shoulder of the pawl without rotating the barrel, and it is during this last part of the movement of the barrel, due to the arms E, that the pattern-surface acts on the ends of and moves the needles a, longitudinally. lVhen the arms E are swung to the left to put the barrel again in the f ull-line position, Fig. 0, the pin shown by full lines as at the right of the shoulder of the pawl as, for instance, the pin Fig. 10-will be again brought into position in front of the shoulder of the pawl.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the endless belt G as adapted to work the needles a which in turn guide and move the sliding selectors a into and out of position with relation to the jack elevator I), said selectors acting, as shown, against the fingers 9 which in turn act. on the lever m to which is jointed the rods m in practice extended to the devices for actuating shuttle-box devices of usual or suitable construction, said devices not being shown, as they are not of my invention.

It will be noticed in my invention as herein exhibited that the needles which are distributed by the Jacquard pattern-surface besides serving as guides for the selecting-rods also directly distribute the said selecting-rods with relation to the jack-elevator b or device, which, acting on the selecting-rods, effects in turn the distribution of the notched jacks connected with the harness-levers, the latter in practice being connected to their opposite ends by cording with the harness-frames, as in the patents referred to.

In this my invention I have aimed to gain the greatest simplicity of construction coupled with the fewest possible parts compactly arranged and having strength and durability.

I claim 1. A loom containing the following instrumentalities, viz: a series of harness-levers; a series of notched jacks connected thereto; a thin flexible belt-like pattern-surface provided with holes; means to carry said pattern-surface; a series of needles acted upon directly by said pattern-surface; a series of selecting-rods carried by and sliding longitudinally in eyes or guides in said needles; a series of pivoted fingers acted upon by the selecting-rods and cooperating with the jacks to lift them; and a jack-elevator to act against and slide certain of the selecting-rods to move the lingers and to lift certain of the notched jacks according to the requirements of the pattern-surface, substantially as described.

2. A substantially circular roll or barrel having holes and studs; combined with an 'endless-belt-like pattern-surface having holes elongated in the direction of the width of the pattern-surface to thereby afford ample room for the pattern-surface to expand or contract freely in the direction of its width and yet insure the entrance of the studs into the said holes, substantially as described.

A substantially cylindrical roll or barrel having holes for needles, and three series of studs, two near its ends and one between, combined with an endless-belt-like patternsurface composed of a web of paper provided with holes to be engaged by the three sets of studs, the endmost holes of the said patternsurface being elongated in the direction of the width of the pattern-surface, and being of a width to just receive the studs, substantially as described.

4. A substantially cylindrical roll or barrel having holes for needles, and two series of studs located near its ends, combined with an endless-belt-like pattern-surface composed of a web of paper and a web of cloth, the latter being extended across the former, both webs being provided with holes for the needles and for the studs, the endmost holes of the said pattern-surface being elongated in the direction of the width of the pattern-surface and being of a width to just receive the studs, substantially as described.

5. A substantially cylindrical roll or barrel having holes for needles, and three series of studs, two near its ends and one between, combined with an endless-belt-like patternsurface composed of aweb of paper provided with holes to be engaged by the three sets of studs, the endmost holes of the said patternsurface being elongated in the direction of the width of the pattern-surface, and being of a width to just receive the studs, the central row of holes in said pattern-surface being provided with eyelets, substantially as described.

6. A roll or barrel provided with holes, a pattern-surface carried thereby, a series of needles, adapted to be acted upon by the said pattern-surface, devices to support and move the said roll or barrel toward and from the needles, and a pawl to rotate the roll or barrel, combined with a movable fulcrum for the pawl, whereby the pawl has given to it a backward movement while the pattern-surface is in contact with the said needles, substantially as described.

7. In a loom a roll or barrel provided with holes, a series of needles, devices to support and move said roll or barrel toward and from the needles, and means to turn the roll or barrel when it is moving toward the needles, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT SNOECK.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK L. EMERY, FRANCES M. NOBLE.

IOC

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