US556104A - Gas or oil burner - Google Patents

Description

mo ModeL') 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. G. PALM. GAS 0R OIL BURNER.

No. 556,104. I Patented'MaJr. 10, 1896.

I 2 She etsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

G. PALM; V GAS on OIL BURNER.

Patented Mar. 10, 1896-.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE PALM, OF BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO M. II. BROOKS, OF SAME PLACE.

GAS OR OIL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 556,104, dated March 10, 1896.

Application filed January 28, 1893. Serial No. 459,997. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE PALM, a resident of Butler, in the county of Butler and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and'useful'Improvement in Gas or Oil Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to burners for use with either gas or oil or with gas and oil combined, its object being to provide a suitable burner by which the materials for maintaining or supporting combustion may be properly intermingled in the proper conditions for obtaining the highest heat therefrom, and for this purpose, where gas is used for fuel,'if the supply of gas be limited it may be supplemented by the addition of oil-vapors, or where the oil only is used for fuel it may be properly vaporized and intermingled with air and superheated steam and introduced into the furnace, and the resultant flame and heat generated may be properly distributed within the furnace-chamber to obtainthe best results therefrom.

The particular points of invention desired to be covered will be hereinafter described and claimed. 7

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will describe the same, referring to the accompanying drawings, in

' which Figure 1 illustrates my invention as applied to a steam-boiler furnace. Fig. 2 is a side view of the burner. Fig. 3 is a top view thereof. Fig. i is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 5 is a front or face view. Fig. 6 is a section on the line .6 6, Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7 7, Fig. 4.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each view.

Though the burner is shown as applied to a steam-boiler A and located within the firechamber a thereof, yet it is to be understood thatit may be employed with any suitable heating, metallurgic, or like furnace, the invention being shown in connection with a steam-boiler furnace, as it is a fair illustration of the same, and also showing the source of the steam supply which it is desirable to employ with the burner. The burner is supported upon-the grate-bars a, being shown so suptrolled by the valve f.

ported at one end by the vertical air-inlet pipe 1), leading into the air-heating chamber 17, which is preferably formed of a long rectangular hollow boX, with the inner end of which the inlet-pipe b communicates, while at the opposite end, which generally projects through the front wall of the furnace, is the air-feeding chamber c, which supplies air to the mixing-chamber d, projecting into the furnace-chamber.

The burner, as formed for shipment, has preferably the front plate 6, corresponding substantially in shape to the door of the boiler-furnace, so that it may fit against the opening of the door and. close such opening and provide the necessary means for securing the burner in place, and in such front plate, 8, is the port e, which is closed by the cap or plate 6 which can be opened for the purpose of lighting the burner or inspecting the flame or heat generated in the furnace.

As above stated, the burner is constructed for employment either with gas or oil, or the two combined, and the gas-pipe f communicates with the in j ection-chamber g,with which the superheated-steam pipe h communicates and with which the vaporized-oil pipe c'communicates, as shown in full lines, Fig. 5, and in dotted lines, Fig. 4, and from which the injection-pipe It leads into the air-chamber c, acting in conjunction with the mixing-chamber 61 as a siphon to draw in air through the inlet-pipe b, air-heating box I), and air-feeding chamber 0. The gas-supply pipe fis con- The steam-pipe h leads from the boiler and communicates with the return-pipes 7L2 h which extend into the furnace chamber above the body of the burner, and where they are exposed to the full heat generated within the furnace, so that the heat can circulate around the same in its passage into the boiler orother place to be heated. The steam is thus highly superheated within said return-pipes and passes thence into the chamber g and acts in connection with the nozzle g as an injector to draw in the gas and intermingle the superheated steam with the gas and force such intermingled steam and gas through the tube or nozzle 70, so as to in termingle the combined steam and gas With the air entering through the air-feedin g chamber c to cause the combustion thereof within the combustion-chamber (1, so as to cause combustion within said chamber and within the fire-chamber a.

It will be noticed that the nozzle k extends into, but not through, the air-feeding chamber c, this construction being employed so that there may be a greater intermingling of the steam and gas or oil-vapor with the air and a greater combustion thereof within the mixing-chamber (Z which projects into the furnace-chamber.

For the purpose of introducing oil into the burner I provide the oil-supply pipe m, controlled by the valve m and valve 012 which communicates with the oil-heating pipes 72 n, which form a return-pipe system leading to the oil-pipe i, communicating with the chamber g of the burner. The pipes 02 a extend therefrom along the base of the burner either outside of the air-heating box or chamber 1), as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 6, or within such air-heating box I), as shown in Figs. 2, 4:, 5, and 7, the latter construction being preferably employed where it is intended to use both gas and oil for maintaining combustion. Communicating with the pipe m is the airsupply pipe 1), controlled by the valve 1), which is utilized for the purpose of introdueing air to the oil flowing through the pipe m, the upper end of the pipe 1) being open and the air being drawn in with the oil and passing therewith through the return-pipes a n, so that the oil-vapor formed by the heating of the oil within the pipes 71 n is intermingled with the air entering through such pipes and the combined stream of oil-vapor and heated air is fed through the pipe i to the chamber g.

The apparatus is so arranged that the head of oil entering through the pipe at will not rise to any great height within the pipe 1), this being arranged by the location of the tank supplying the oil to the pipe m, and therefore there is no fear of overflow from the pipe 1). Said pipe 13, together with the pipes m and the return-pipes n n, may also be utilized for the feeding of air when only gas is employed as fuel, said pipes providing a means for feeding the heated air into the injector-chamber g and regulating the supply of air which is additional to that entering through the airheating chamber 1).

For the purpose of properly distributing the flame and heat generated and the gases not yet consumed I provide the system of deflecting-plates illustrated in the drawings, the deflecting-plate 0' extending across the mouth of the chamber d some distance in front of the same and having an upward curve or flare, so that part of the gas and flame will be deflected upwardly within the furnacechamber, while the said plate 4' is provided with perforations)", through which part of the flame and gases will pass under the force by which they are introduced into the firechamber, and will strike against the deflecting-plate 8, located back of the plate 7', which plates are solid and have vertical faces and are curved backwardly from the central point 8 thereof, where they meet, so as to cause the flame and heated products striking again st them to be thrown against the walls of the furnace or fire chamber. The plates 4' and s are secured to the top of the box Z) by suitable bolts, the plates .9 having the bearin 5 through which bolts pass into threaded seats in said box, and in case it is desired that part of the flame and heated products shall pass between said plates they can be set so that their points 5 are some distance apart and will permit the passage of some of the flame and heated products to the rear end of the furnaceehamber, the deflecting'plates s being thus made adjustable upon the box and providing for the direction of the flame and heated products against any part of the wall desired, either the part thereof back of the wall, and at the same time against the side walls, or only against the side walls of the furnace. On the box I) are the stop-pins which serve to limit the outward movement of the deflecting-plates s when they are spread apart.

I will describe the operation of the apparatus, first when employed with gas alone for heating, and afterward with the employment of oil alone, and then when employed with both gas and oil, the burner being capable of use in any of the three ways.

The gas enters through the pipe f, the amount thereof being regulated by the valve and at the same time the steam enters through the pipe 72 and superhcating-pipes 71k 7L and thus communicates by the pipe h with the nozzle g of the injector-chamber g, the superheated steam drawing in the gas and becoming mingled therewith and forcing the gas through the secondary nozzle 7c into the combustion-chamber (Z. At the same time, if found necessary, the valve 1) in the pipe 1) and the valve m in the pipe m are open, the supply of oil being of course cut off by the valve m, and the air flows through the returnpipes a a and is heated therein and enters by the pipe a into the injeetor-cha1nber g, the supply of air to the injector-chamber being thus regulated. The combined gas and superheated steam, or gas, superheated steam and air, entering through the nozzle act as an inj eetor to draw in the main air supply through the inlet-pipe Z) and air-heating box I: and air-feeding chamber 0, the air rising within the chamber 0 around the nozzle 7;. and being drawn in by the force of the stream from the injector-chamber g, the gas, superheated steam and air thus intermingled forming combustion in the combustion-chamber (I, a large body of the same being projected through such combustion-chamber into the fire-chamber of the furnace, and the flame, heated products and unconsumed gases striking against the upwardly-curved deflector-plate r, and as a result a large portion of the heat so gener ated, together with the flame, being deflected upwardly within the fire-chamber, where perfect combustion of the fuel is obtained. At the same time a portion of the flame and heated products and unconsumed gas and air pass through the perforations or openings 0* in the deflector-plate r and strike against the deflector-plates s, which are curved outwardly, as above described, and act to deflect the same against the walls of the furnace, a large portion of the commingled gas and air and heated products being forced in this way through such openings 7, and on account of the velocity of the force with which the same are projected against the deflector-plate r and the gases being consumed back of said deflector-plate r, and the flame and heated products being thrown by the deflector-plates 8 against the walls of the fire-chamber. It is found that by the employment of these simple forms of deflector-plates a very even distribution of the heated products within the firechamber is obtained, and according as the heat is desired in the forward part of the firechamber or the rear thereof said deflectorplates may be opened and adjusted by the bolts 5 as above described, the opening of the deflector-plates permitting the passage of some of the flame and heated products between them to the rear of the fire-chamber, and in such cases the deflector-plates being curved at a greater angle toward the rear of the furnace-chamber and assisting in distributing the flame and heated products in said part of the chamber. Itis found that a very high heat can be generated in this way, and that practically perfect combustion of all gas employed for fuel can be obtained.

\Vhen it is desired to employ only the oil as a means for heating, in case the gas connection is not made with the pipe J", said pipe may be employed as an air-entrance, being controlled by its valve f. At the same time the oil flows through the pipe m in a small stream regulated by the valves m m and the proper quantity of air is admitted through the pipe 1), the air and oil flowing into the pipes at n being vaporized under the heat of the furnace therein, and the mingled air and oil entering through the pipe 6 into the inj ector-chamber g. It is here met by the current of superheated steam through the nozzle g and carried thereby through the secondary nozzle 70, together with air entering through the pipe f, the combined oil-vapor, superheated steam and air flowing through the nozzle and acting as an injector to draw in air through the air-heating box I) and the chamber a intothe combustion-chamber d, where combustion is formed, the operation of the burning of the oil-vapor with the air and superheated steam being practically the same as that described in connection with the burning of gas, as above set forth.

It often happens in the drilling and operation of oil-wells, for the use of which this burner is especially applicable, such as for heating the boilers at such wells, that the supply of gas will weaken from different causes, and it is desired to supplement the supply of gas by a suitable quantity of oil, and for such purpose the gas enters through the pipe f, the oil through the pipe m, the supply of oil and air passing through such pipe m and the oil-heating, pipes m n being regulated by the valves m, m and 19'', so that a proper quantity of vaporized oil and air is fed to the injector-chamber g, so as to be intermingled with the gas entering through the pipe f, and the superheated steam from the pipe 71-, entering through the nozzle g, will force the combined gas, oil-vapor and air through the secondary nozzle k, where it is metby the heated air rising through the chamber c and forced into the combustion-chamber d, the course of the flame, gas and air and heated products within such chamber being practically the same as that above described. V

The oil-heating pipes 11 n may be located either within the air-heating box b or outside of the same within the furnace-chamber, both arrangements being illustrated. Where oil is employed as the fuel, I prefer to locate the oil-heating pipes within the airheating box, as the incoming current of air, while sufficiently heated to cause the vaporization of the oil, is not raised to such a heat as to cause the breaking up of the same and the filling up of the pipes with carbon. The air is heatedin this box to an even temperature, and this heated air is the means employed for vaporizing the oil, and practical use has proven that the pipes remain free from such sediment. The air introduced with the oil through these pipes also assists in preventing the clogging thereof.

The practical operation of these burners has proven that they are exceedingly efficient in the generation of a high heat with the expenditure of a comparatively small quantity of either gas or oil, and that they are easily operated so as to maintain an even heat within the furnace-chamber, and also that they provide that which is very desirable in many furnaces, a means for changing from one form of fuel to the other, according to the supply of the same provided, so that especially in connection with oil-well drilling or operating the necessity of changing the furnace in case the gas supply fails or weakens is overcome and all the gases and oil-vapors employed may be properly intermingled with steam and air, and the proper supply of the same suitable for forming combustion may be regulated as may be found best for the successful use of the burner. The superheated steam introduced with the oil or gas is not only utilized for the injection of gas or vapor employed to maintain combustion, but as it is highly superheated it is quickly broken up into its elements in the presence of such gas or vapor and adds greatly to the heat generated within the furnace, the oxygen supporting the combustion, While the hydrogen so liberated provides an additional gas for maintaining the combustion Within the furnace.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A burner having devices for introduein g gaseous or vaporous fuel, and a horizontal combustion-ehalnber leading therefrom, in combination with an mpwardly-curved deflector-plate in front of said combustionchamber, said deflector-plate having openings therein, and having a space back of the same into which the gas may pass through such plate, substantially as set forth.

2. A burner having devices for introducing gaseous or vaporous fuel, and a horizontal combustion-chamber leading therefrom, in combination with an upwardlyeuwed de-

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