US5512643A - Process for preparation of syndiocatic vinylidene aromatic polymers using reduced metal catalysts - Google Patents
Process for preparation of syndiocatic vinylidene aromatic polymers using reduced metal catalysts Download PDFInfo
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- US5512643A US5512643A US08/514,060 US51406095A US5512643A US 5512643 A US5512643 A US 5512643A US 51406095 A US51406095 A US 51406095A US 5512643 A US5512643 A US 5512643A
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- Prior art keywords
- vinylidene aromatic
- catalyst
- process according
- group
- cocatalyst
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 5 -cyclopentadienyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- GWSSRZYPUVNROH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C(=C(C1([Ti](OC)OC)C)C)C)C Chemical compound CC1=C(C(=C(C1([Ti](OC)OC)C)C)C)C GWSSRZYPUVNROH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001576 syndiotactic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- IPRROFRGPQGDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;trichlorotitanium Chemical group Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C IPRROFRGPQGDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- SRKKQWSERFMTOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[CH]1C=CC=C1 SRKKQWSERFMTOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DPSOUODMTOWXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C)C(C)([Ti])C(C)=C1C Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)([Ti])C(C)=C1C DPSOUODMTOWXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- KYPOTCHOVIFPTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO[Ti](OC)(OC)C1(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C Chemical compound CO[Ti](OC)(OC)C1(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C KYPOTCHOVIFPTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isononane Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012967 coordination catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KETWBQOXTBGBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KETWBQOXTBGBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDCXQTPVTAIPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-({[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 HDCXQTPVTAIPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZYTJPPRBIGGXRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ylalumane Chemical compound C(C)(C)[AlH2] ZYTJPPRBIGGXRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBRKWFIGZSMARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylalumane Chemical compound [AlH2]CCC OBRKWFIGZSMARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000196 viscometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2420/00—Metallocene catalysts
- C08F2420/04—Cp or analog not bridged to a non-Cp X ancillary anionic donor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for polymerizing vinylidene aromatic monomers, such as styrene, to produce polymers having a high degree of syndiotacticity using Group 4 metal catalysts wherein the metal is in the +3 oxidation state and an aluminoxane cocatalyst.
- Such polymers may be usefully employed in the preparation of solid objects and articles such as a moldings, films, sheets and foamed objects by molding, casting or the like process.
- the process comprises contacting at least one polymerizable vinylidene aromatic monomer under polymerization conditions with a catalyst comprising a Group 4 metal complex corresponding to the formula:
- Cp is a single ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl or ⁇ 5 -substituted cyclopentadienyl group, the substituted cyclopentadienyl group being optionally also bonded to M through a substituent X;
- M is a metal of Group 4 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table in the + 3 oxidation state;
- X each occurrence is an inert anionic ligand of up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms and optionally X and Cp are joined together;
- X' is an inert, neutral donor ligand
- n and p are independently 0 or 1;
- n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
- the present process achieves a significantly improved conversion of monomer and efficiency in use, thereby permitting a reduction in the quantity of cocatalyst employed.
- stereotactic refers to polymers having a stereoregular structure of greater than 50 percent syndiotactic of a racemic triad as determined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Such polymers may be usefully employed in the preparation of articles and objects (e.g., via compression molding, injection molding or other suitable technique) having an extremely high resistance to deformation due to the effects of temperature.
- Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of X include hydrocarbyl, silyl, halo, NR 2 , PR 2 , OR, SR, and BR 2 , wherein R is C 1-10 hydrocarbyl.
- R is C 1-10 hydrocarbyl.
- X and R are hydrocarbyl the same are ⁇ -bonded groups.
- Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of X' include ROR, RSR, NR 3 , PR 3 , and C 2-20 olefins or diolefins, wherein R is as previously defined.
- Such donor ligands are able to form shared electron bonds but not a formal covalent bond with the metal.
- Suitable polyalkylaluminoxane activating cocatalysts for use herein especially include methylalumoxane, isopropyl aluminoxane, and modified methylaluminoxane, ie. methylaluminoxane modified with triisopropyl aluminum.
- aluminoxane it is often desirable to additionally include a C 1-4 trialkyl aluminum compound in the polymerization. Examples include triethyl aluminum, tri n-propyl aluminum, tri isopropyl aluminum, tri n-butyl aluminum, tri isobutyl aluminum, and mixtures thereof.
- Monocyclopentadienyl and substituted monocyclopentadienyl groups for use according to the present invention are more specifically depicted by the formula: ##STR1## wherein:
- R' each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, R, N--R 2 , P--R 2 ; OR; SR or BR 2 , wherein R is as previously defined, or one or two pairs of adjacent R' hydrocarbyl groups are joined together forming a fused ring system.
- R" individually may be R' or a divalent X group that is also covalently bonded to M.
- R' is alkyl or haloalkyl of up to 6 carbons.
- Cp is cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl.
- Cp is ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl or ⁇ 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl
- m is one
- M is titanium
- n is two
- p is zero
- X is R or OR
- R is C 1-10 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
- the catalyst can be prepared in a suitable solvent at a temperature within the range from about -100° C. to about 300° C.
- the catalyst system can also form in situ if the components thereof are added directly to the polymerization process and a suitable solvent or diluent, including the monovinylidene aromatic monomer, is used in said polymerization process. It is preferred, however, to form the catalyst in a separate step in a suitable solvent prior to adding the same to the polymerization reactor.
- the catalyst components are generally sensitive to both moisture and oxygen and should be handled and transferred in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
- Suitable solvents or diluents for the catalyst preparation and for the polymerization include any of the solvents known in the prior art including, but not necessarily limited to, straight and branched-chain hydrocarbons such as C 6-12 alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane and the like); C 6-12 cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane and the like and C 6-12 aromatic and alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, decalin, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
- straight and branched-chain hydrocarbons such as C 6-12 alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane and the like); C 6-12 cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptan
- the catalysts may be employed as homogeneous catalysts or supported on the surface of a suitable support such as alumina, silica or a polymer.
- suitable vinylidene aromatic monomers include those represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein each R* is independently hydrogen; an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10, more suitably from 1 to 6, most suitably from 1 to 4, carbon atoms; or a halogen atom.
- R* is independently hydrogen
- examples of such monomers include, styrene, chlorostyrene, n-butylstyrene, p-vinyltoluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, etc., with styrene being especially suitable.
- Copolymers of styrene and the above vinylidene aromatic monomers other than styrene can also be prepared.
- the polymerization may be conducted under slurry, bulk or suspension polymerization conditions or other suitable reaction conditions including solid, powdered reaction conditions.
- the polymerization can be conducted at temperatures of from 0° C. to 160° C., preferably from 25° C. to 100° C., more preferably from 30° C. to 80° C., for a time sufficient to produce the desired polymer.
- Typical reaction times are from one minute to 100 hours, preferably from 1 to 10 hours.
- the optimum reaction time or reactor residence time will vary depending upon the temperature, solvent and other reaction conditions employed.
- the polymerization can be conducted at subatmospheric pressure as well as superatmospheric pressure, suitably at a pressure within the range of 1 to 500 psig (6.9 kPa-3,400 kPa).
- the use of ambient or low pressures, e.g., 1-5 psig (6.9-34.5 kPa) is preferred in view of lower capital and equipment costs.
- the polymerization may be conducted in the presence of an inert diluent or solvent or in the absence thereof, i.e., in the presence of excess monomer.
- suitable diluents or solvents include C 6-20 aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as mixtures thereof.
- Preferred diluents comprise the C 6-20 alkanes, toluene and mixtures thereof.
- a particularly desirable diluent for the polymerization is iso-octane, iso-nonane or blends thereof such as Isopar-E®, available from Exxon Chemical Company Suitable amounts of solvent are employed to provide a monomer concentration from 5 percent to 100 percent by weight.
- the molar ratio of the vinylidene aromatic monomer to catalyst may range from 100:1 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 :1, preferably from 1000:1 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 :1. If a trialkyl aluminum compound is additionally present the molar ratio of the vinylidene aromatic monomer to such compound is preferably from 100:1 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 :1, preferably from 1000:1 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 :1.
- the monomers and solvents employed be of sufficiently high purity that catalyst deactivation does not occur. Any suitable technique for monomer purification such as devolatilization at reduced pressures, contacting with molecular sieves or high surface area alumina, deaeration, etc. may be employed.
- Purification of the resulting polymer to remove entrained catalyst and cocatalyst may also be desired by the practitioner. Such contaminants may generally be identified by residues of ash on pyrolysis of the polymer that are attributable to catalyst or cocatalyst metal values.
- a suitable technique for removing such compounds is by solvent extraction, e.g., extraction utilizing hot, high boiling chlorinated solvents, acids or bases such as caustic followed by filtration.
- Catalyst solutions were prepared in volumetric flasks using toluene solvent.
- the required amount of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium dimethoxide (Cp*Ti(OCH 3 ) 2 ) was weighed and added to the flask and toluene added to form a 0.01 Molar solution.
- Polymerizations were carried out in septum capped, crimp sealed ampoules.
- the ampoules were charged with 10 ml of styrene and various amounts of the cocatalyst polymethylaluminoxane (PMA).
- the catalyst solution was added and the ampoules were then sealed and equilibrated at 70° C. in a water bath.
- the polymerization was quenched by the addition of methanol after one hour polymerization time. Each polymer sample was isolated and dried in order to determine the percent conversion.
- Molecular weight of the resulting syndiotactic polymer was determined via standard solution viscometry using atactic polystyrene standards. All polymers had melting points in excess of 260° C. consistent with tacticities of greater than 50 percent based on a racemic triad.
- Example 1 The reaction conditions of Example 1 were substantially repeated using pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide in place of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide. Results are contained in Table II.
- pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide catalyst is seen to result in reduced conversion of monomer compared to the use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst.
- Example 1 The reaction conditions of Example 1 were substantially repeated using pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst in combination with triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) scavenging agent. Results are contained in Table III.
- pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide catalyst is again seen to result in reduced conversion of monomer compared to pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst despite the presence of triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) scavenging agent.
- TIBA triisobutyl aluminum
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Abstract
A process for preparing syndiotactic vinylidene aromatic polymers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers with a catalyst comprising a Group 4 metal complex in the +3 oxidation state and a polyalkylaluminoxane cocatalyst.
Description
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/133,356, filed Oct. 8, 1993, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a process for polymerizing vinylidene aromatic monomers, such as styrene, to produce polymers having a high degree of syndiotacticity using Group 4 metal catalysts wherein the metal is in the +3 oxidation state and an aluminoxane cocatalyst. Such polymers may be usefully employed in the preparation of solid objects and articles such as a moldings, films, sheets and foamed objects by molding, casting or the like process.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,353 there is disclosed a process for the preparation of polymers of vinylidene aromatic monomers having a stereoregular structure of high syndiotacticity, by the use of Group 4 metal coordination catalysts in the +4 oxidation state and an aluminoxane cocatalyst.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,741 there are disclosed certain cationic metal compounds formed by reacting a Group 4 metal complex including both +3 and +4 metal complexes with ammonium or phosphonium salts of Bronsted acids containing a non-coordinating compatible anion or with cationic oxidizers containing a non-coordinating compatible anion. The complexes are usefully employed as catalysts in the polymerization of polymers of vinylidene aromatic monomers having a stereoregular structure of high syndiotacticity.
In U.S. Ser. No. 08/008,003, filed Jan. 21, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5.374,696 certain Group 4 metal complexes wherein the metal is in the +3 oxidation state and their use as addition polymerization catalysts are disclosed. For the teachings contained therein, the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,680,353 and 5,066,741 and U.S. Ser. No. 08/008,003 are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference thereto.
According to the present invention there is now provided a novel process for preparing polymers of vinylidene aromatic monomers having a high degree of syndiotacticity. The process comprises contacting at least one polymerizable vinylidene aromatic monomer under polymerization conditions with a catalyst comprising a Group 4 metal complex corresponding to the formula:
Cp.sub.m MX.sub.n X'.sub.p
wherein:
Cp is a single η5 -cyclopentadienyl or η5 -substituted cyclopentadienyl group, the substituted cyclopentadienyl group being optionally also bonded to M through a substituent X;
M is a metal of Group 4 or the Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table in the + 3 oxidation state;
X each occurrence is an inert anionic ligand of up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms and optionally X and Cp are joined together;
X' is an inert, neutral donor ligand;
m and p are independently 0 or 1;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and
the sum of m and n is 3; and
a polyalkylaluminoxane activating cocatalyst.
Compared to similar catalysts based on complexes in the +4 oxidation state, the present process achieves a significantly improved conversion of monomer and efficiency in use, thereby permitting a reduction in the quantity of cocatalyst employed.
All reference to the Periodic Table of the Elements herein shall refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements, published and copyrighted by CRC Press, Inc., 1989. Also, any reference to a Group or Series shall be to the Group or Series as reflected in this Periodic Table of the Elements, utilizing the IUPAC system for numbering groups.
As used herein, the term "syndiotactic" refers to polymers having a stereoregular structure of greater than 50 percent syndiotactic of a racemic triad as determined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Such polymers may be usefully employed in the preparation of articles and objects (e.g., via compression molding, injection molding or other suitable technique) having an extremely high resistance to deformation due to the effects of temperature.
Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of X include hydrocarbyl, silyl, halo, NR2, PR2, OR, SR, and BR2, wherein R is C1-10 hydrocarbyl. Preferably where X and R are hydrocarbyl the same are σ-bonded groups.
Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of X' include ROR, RSR, NR3, PR3, and C2-20 olefins or diolefins, wherein R is as previously defined. Such donor ligands are able to form shared electron bonds but not a formal covalent bond with the metal.
Suitable polyalkylaluminoxane activating cocatalysts (interchangeably referred to as aluminoxanes) for use herein especially include methylalumoxane, isopropyl aluminoxane, and modified methylaluminoxane, ie. methylaluminoxane modified with triisopropyl aluminum. In addition to the aluminoxane it is often desirable to additionally include a C1-4 trialkyl aluminum compound in the polymerization. Examples include triethyl aluminum, tri n-propyl aluminum, tri isopropyl aluminum, tri n-butyl aluminum, tri isobutyl aluminum, and mixtures thereof.
Monocyclopentadienyl and substituted monocyclopentadienyl groups for use according to the present invention are more specifically depicted by the formula: ##STR1## wherein:
R' each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, R, N--R2, P--R2 ; OR; SR or BR2, wherein R is as previously defined, or one or two pairs of adjacent R' hydrocarbyl groups are joined together forming a fused ring system.
R" individually may be R' or a divalent X group that is also covalently bonded to M.
Preferably, R' is alkyl or haloalkyl of up to 6 carbons. Most highly preferably Cp is cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl.
Illustrative, but not limiting examples of metal complexes which may be used in the preparation of the compounds of this invention are derivatives of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium. Titanium is the preferred metal. Most highly preferred metal complexes comprise cyclopentadienyl titanium C1-4 dialkoxide or pentamethylcyclopentadienylitanium C1-4 dialkoxide.
In a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention Cp is η5 -cyclopentadienyl or η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, m is one, M is titanium, n is two, p is zero, X is R or OR, and R is C1-10 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
The catalyst can be prepared in a suitable solvent at a temperature within the range from about -100° C. to about 300° C. The catalyst system can also form in situ if the components thereof are added directly to the polymerization process and a suitable solvent or diluent, including the monovinylidene aromatic monomer, is used in said polymerization process. It is preferred, however, to form the catalyst in a separate step in a suitable solvent prior to adding the same to the polymerization reactor. The catalyst components are generally sensitive to both moisture and oxygen and should be handled and transferred in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
Suitable solvents or diluents for the catalyst preparation and for the polymerization include any of the solvents known in the prior art including, but not necessarily limited to, straight and branched-chain hydrocarbons such as C6-12 alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane and the like); C6-12 cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane and the like and C6-12 aromatic and alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, decalin, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
The catalysts may be employed as homogeneous catalysts or supported on the surface of a suitable support such as alumina, silica or a polymer.
In the practice of the present invention, suitable vinylidene aromatic monomers include those represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein each R* is independently hydrogen; an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10, more suitably from 1 to 6, most suitably from 1 to 4, carbon atoms; or a halogen atom. Examples of such monomers include, styrene, chlorostyrene, n-butylstyrene, p-vinyltoluene, α-methylstyrene, etc., with styrene being especially suitable. Copolymers of styrene and the above vinylidene aromatic monomers other than styrene can also be prepared.
The polymerization may be conducted under slurry, bulk or suspension polymerization conditions or other suitable reaction conditions including solid, powdered reaction conditions. The polymerization can be conducted at temperatures of from 0° C. to 160° C., preferably from 25° C. to 100° C., more preferably from 30° C. to 80° C., for a time sufficient to produce the desired polymer. Typical reaction times are from one minute to 100 hours, preferably from 1 to 10 hours. The optimum reaction time or reactor residence time will vary depending upon the temperature, solvent and other reaction conditions employed. The polymerization can be conducted at subatmospheric pressure as well as superatmospheric pressure, suitably at a pressure within the range of 1 to 500 psig (6.9 kPa-3,400 kPa). The use of ambient or low pressures, e.g., 1-5 psig (6.9-34.5 kPa) is preferred in view of lower capital and equipment costs.
The polymerization may be conducted in the presence of an inert diluent or solvent or in the absence thereof, i.e., in the presence of excess monomer. Examples of suitable diluents or solvents include C6-20 aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as mixtures thereof. Preferred diluents comprise the C6-20 alkanes, toluene and mixtures thereof. A particularly desirable diluent for the polymerization is iso-octane, iso-nonane or blends thereof such as Isopar-E®, available from Exxon Chemical Company Suitable amounts of solvent are employed to provide a monomer concentration from 5 percent to 100 percent by weight.
The molar ratio of the vinylidene aromatic monomer to catalyst (in terms of M) may range from 100:1 to 1×1010 :1, preferably from 1000:1 to 1×106 :1. If a trialkyl aluminum compound is additionally present the molar ratio of the vinylidene aromatic monomer to such compound is preferably from 100:1 to 1×108 :1, preferably from 1000:1 to 1×106 :1.
As in other similar polymerizations, it is highly desirable that the monomers and solvents employed be of sufficiently high purity that catalyst deactivation does not occur. Any suitable technique for monomer purification such as devolatilization at reduced pressures, contacting with molecular sieves or high surface area alumina, deaeration, etc. may be employed.
Purification of the resulting polymer to remove entrained catalyst and cocatalyst may also be desired by the practitioner. Such contaminants may generally be identified by residues of ash on pyrolysis of the polymer that are attributable to catalyst or cocatalyst metal values. A suitable technique for removing such compounds is by solvent extraction, e.g., extraction utilizing hot, high boiling chlorinated solvents, acids or bases such as caustic followed by filtration.
Having described the invention, the following examples are provided as further illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Unless stated to the contrary, all parts and percentages are based on weight.
All reactions and manipulations were carried out under inert atmosphere in a dry box. Solvent and styrene monomer were purified by sparging with N2 and passing through activated alumina and handled using standard inert atmosphere techniques.
Catalyst solutions were prepared in volumetric flasks using toluene solvent. The required amount of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium dimethoxide (Cp*Ti(OCH3)2) was weighed and added to the flask and toluene added to form a 0.01 Molar solution.
Polymerizations were carried out in septum capped, crimp sealed ampoules. The ampoules were charged with 10 ml of styrene and various amounts of the cocatalyst polymethylaluminoxane (PMA). The catalyst solution was added and the ampoules were then sealed and equilibrated at 70° C. in a water bath. The polymerization was quenched by the addition of methanol after one hour polymerization time. Each polymer sample was isolated and dried in order to determine the percent conversion. Molecular weight of the resulting syndiotactic polymer was determined via standard solution viscometry using atactic polystyrene standards. All polymers had melting points in excess of 260° C. consistent with tacticities of greater than 50 percent based on a racemic triad.
Results are shown in Table I.
TABLE I ______________________________________ % Con- Ex. Molar ratio Styrene:MAO:Ti version ______________________________________ 1 233,333:25:1 10 2 233,333:50:1 32 3 233,333:100:1 55 4 233,333:200:1 63 5 233,333:300:1 62 6 233,333:500:1 61 ______________________________________
The use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst and methylaluminoxane cocatalyst is seen to be extremely effective for the polymerization of vinylidene aromatic monomers to prepare syndiotactic polymers therefrom.
The reaction conditions of Example 1 were substantially repeated using pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide in place of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide. Results are contained in Table II.
TABLE II ______________________________________ % Con- Ex. Molar ratio Styrene:MAO:Ti version ______________________________________ 1 233:333:25:1 2 2 233,333:50:1 22 3 233,333:100:1 33 4 233,333:200:1 41 5 233,333:300:1 40 6 233,333:500:1 37 ______________________________________
The use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide catalyst is seen to result in reduced conversion of monomer compared to the use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst.
The reaction conditions of Example 1 were substantially repeated using pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst in combination with triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) scavenging agent. Results are contained in Table III.
TABLE III ______________________________________ % Con- Ex. Molar ratio Styrene:MAO:TIBA:Ti version ______________________________________ 7 233,333:200:0:1 58 8 233,333:200:3:1 60 9 233,333:200:6:1 62 10 233,333:200:10:1 64 11 233,333:200:20:1 66 12 233,333:200:50:1 66 13 233,333:200:100:1 68 ______________________________________
The reaction conditions of Examples 7-12 were substantially repeated using pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide catalyst in place of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide. Results are contained in Table IV.
TABLE III ______________________________________ % Con- Ex. Molar ratio Styrene:MAO:TIBA:Ti version ______________________________________ 7 233,333:200:0:1 30 8 233,333:200:3:1 42 9 233,333:200:6:1 47 10 233,333:200:10:1 53 11 233,333:200:20:1 58 12 233,333:200:50:1 62 13 233,333:200:100:1 62 ______________________________________
The use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (IV) trimethoxide catalyst is again seen to result in reduced conversion of monomer compared to pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) dimethoxide catalyst despite the presence of triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) scavenging agent.
Claims (7)
1. A process for preparing syndiotactic polymers of vinylidene aromatic monomers comprising contacting one or more vinylidene aromatic monomers under polymerization conditions with a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst comprising a metal complex corresponding to the formula:
Cp.sub.m Ti(OR).sub.2 X'.sub.p
wherein:
Cp is a single η5-cyclopentadienyl or η5-substituted cyclopentadienyl group;
R is C1-10 hydrocarbyl;
X' is an inert, neutral donor ligand; and
p is 0 or 1;
and a polyalkylaluminoxane activating cocatalyst,
the molar ratio of monovinylidene aromatic monomer: Ti being from 100:1 to 1×1010 :1 and the molar ratio of metal complex:polyalkylaluminoxane being from 1:100 to 1:500.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the vinylidene aromatic monomer is represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein each R* is independently hydrogen; an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; or a halogen atom.
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the vinylidene aromatic monomer is styrene.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein Cp corresponds to the formula: ##STR4## wherein: R' R" each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, R, N--R2, P--R2 ; OR; SR or BR2, wherein R is as previously defined in claim 1, or one or two pairs of adjacent R' hydrocarbyl groups are joined together forming a fused ring system.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein Cp is η5 -cyclopentadienyl or η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, p is zero, and R is C1-10 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst comprises a pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium C1-4 dialkoxide or cyclopentadienyltitanium C1-4 dialkoxide and the cocatalyst comprises methylaluminoxane.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the catalyst comprises pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium dimethoxide and the cocatalyst comprises methylaluminoxane.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5756612A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1998-05-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrenic polymer |
US5986029A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1999-11-16 | Dsm N.V. | Catalyst composition and process for the polymerization of an olefin |
US6191197B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2001-02-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Extended polymer compostion derived from blends of elastomers and syndiotactic polystyrene |
USRE37064E1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 2001-02-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrenic polymer |
US6329459B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2001-12-11 | Bridgestone Corporation | Extended syndiotactic polystyrene-elastomeric block copolymers |
KR100474129B1 (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 2005-08-17 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | Method for preparing syndiotactic polymer of vinylidene aromatic monomer |
Families Citing this family (1)
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AU2411897A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-26 | Dsm N.V. | Process for the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers |
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US4680353A (en) * | 1985-11-11 | 1987-07-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Process for production of styrene polymers |
US5066741A (en) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-11-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers |
WO1993002584A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-18 | Charles Ballenegger | Connection element for jewellery |
US5340892A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1994-08-23 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrene polymers |
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JP2911501B2 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1999-06-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | Method for producing styrenic polymer |
DE69219932T2 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1997-09-11 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Process for the preparation of a homo- or copolymer of styrene |
-
1994
- 1994-08-30 JP JP7511781A patent/JPH09504816A/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-30 WO PCT/US1994/009732 patent/WO1995010549A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-08-30 EP EP94927266A patent/EP0722466B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-30 DE DE69404160T patent/DE69404160T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-07 MX MXPA94007798A patent/MXPA94007798A/en unknown
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4680353A (en) * | 1985-11-11 | 1987-07-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Process for production of styrene polymers |
US5340892A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1994-08-23 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrene polymers |
US5066741A (en) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-11-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparation of syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers |
WO1993002584A1 (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-18 | Charles Ballenegger | Connection element for jewellery |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE37064E1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 2001-02-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrenic polymer |
US5986029A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1999-11-16 | Dsm N.V. | Catalyst composition and process for the polymerization of an olefin |
US5756612A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1998-05-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process for producing styrenic polymer |
KR100474129B1 (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 2005-08-17 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | Method for preparing syndiotactic polymer of vinylidene aromatic monomer |
US6191197B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2001-02-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Extended polymer compostion derived from blends of elastomers and syndiotactic polystyrene |
US6329459B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2001-12-11 | Bridgestone Corporation | Extended syndiotactic polystyrene-elastomeric block copolymers |
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DE69404160T2 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
EP0722466A1 (en) | 1996-07-24 |
WO1995010549A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
JPH09504816A (en) | 1997-05-13 |
EP0722466B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
DE69404160D1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
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