US5485820A - Injection control pressure strategy - Google Patents
Injection control pressure strategy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5485820A US5485820A US08/300,292 US30029294A US5485820A US 5485820 A US5485820 A US 5485820A US 30029294 A US30029294 A US 30029294A US 5485820 A US5485820 A US 5485820A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rail pressure
- injector
- flow
- control valve
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
- F02D41/3827—Common rail control systems for diesel engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
- F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
- F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
- F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/141—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a feed-forward control element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
Definitions
- 5,191,867 is the provision of an electronically controlled rail pressure control valve for controlling the pressure of the hydraulic actuating fluid, i.e., lube oil, and for correcting the pressure amount based on the sensed pressure of the hydraulic actuating fluid using closed-loop control of the actuating fluid pressure.
- the invention of U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,970 is the provision of an actuating fluid compensator that includes a priming reservoir in fluid communication with a passageway that extends between the unit fuel injector and the high pressure pump that functions to prevent the occurrence of voids within the actuating fluid system. Both of these patents are incorporated herein by this reference.
- a Hydraulically-actuated Electronically-controlled Unit Injector fuel system hereinafter referred to as a HEUI system
- engine oil is drawn from the sump by the engine oil pump and flows to a high pressure supply pump which pressurizes the oil to between 450 and 3,000 psi.
- the outlet pressure of the high pressure supply pump is determined by the Rail Pressure Control Valve (hereinafter RPCV).
- RPCV Rail Pressure Control Valve
- High pressure oil from the RPCV is supplied to rails or manifolds that are cast into each cylinder head, from which it is constantly available to the fuel injectors.
- the pressure maintained by the RPCV is determined by a variable electrical current, hereinafter referred to as the duty cycle, that is supplied by the Electronic Control Module (hereinafter ECM).
- ECM Electronic Control Module
- the ECM is a microprocessor which monitors various engine sensors and then computes a pair of output control signals.
- the ECM selects a fuel injector and sends an output signal to the Electronic Drive Unit (hereinafter EDU) which completes a circuit to the solenoid of the selected fuel injector.
- EDU Electronic Drive Unit
- the energized fuel injector solenoid lifts the injector poppet valve off its seat which enables high pressure oil from the rail to enter the fuel injector causing injection of fuel into the engine cylinder. Injection of fuel stops when the ECM signals the EDU to stop transmitting the current to the injector solenoid. When this current stops, the popper spring then causes the poppet to close.
- the actual rail pressure is sensed and transmitted to the ECM.
- the ECM utilizes the data from the various sensors to calculate a set point which is a calculated desired rail pressure.
- the difference between the set point and the actual rail pressure is hereinafter referred to as the tracking error.
- the control strategy of the ECM includes lookup feed forward terms corresponding to tracking errors.
- the feed forward term is a first guess or calculation of the duty cycle needed to eliminate the tracking error. If the tracking error is not eliminated in the first cycle the cycle is repeated and a new duty cycle is calculated and transmitted to the solenoid of the RPCV which results in a further adjustment in the actual rail pressure.
- This closed loop system continues to recycle and to reduce the value of the tracking error. Recycling is time consuming and it is apparent that the accuracy of the look up feed forward term is critical to fast and accurate rail pressure adjustments.
- the enhanced control system of this invention incorporates a more sophisticated feed forward control term wherein the feed forward calibration is based on desired rail pressure and RPCV flow and which has been found to be responsible for benefits in transient emissions and engine response and performance.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic general schematic view of a hydraulically-actuated electronically-controlled unit injector fuel system, for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of unit injectors;
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic partial cross-sectional view of a unit injector, of the type shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating how the prior art duty cycle is calculated
- FIG. 5 is a chart that is based on the data contained in TABLE that depict the relationship between RPCV flow, desired rail pressure and duty cycle;
- FIG. 6 is a chart showing three of the curves from Fig. in a larger scale.
- FIG. 7 is a chart that is based on actual measured fuel rate in an engine using the improved operating strategy.
- the HEUI system which consists of five major components will be described in general terms with respect to FIG. 1.
- the five major components of the HEUI system are:
- ECM Electronic control Module 20
- EDU Electronic Drive Unit 30
- the ECM 20 is a microprocessor which monitors various engine sensors 21-28.
- the ECM 20 is programmed with the operating strategy of the HEUI system and controls the operation of the entire fuel system.
- the ECM 20 calculates the desired rail pressures for specific engine conditions and controls the EDU 30 which sends current pulses to the injector solenoids.
- the engine has eight sensors which constantly monitor performance and operating conditions. The job of each sensor is to accurately monitor a specific engine condition and generate a signal voltage to send through the vehicle wiring harness to the ECM 20.
- Sensor 21 monitors accelerator position
- sensor 22 monitors camshaft position
- sensor 23 monitors injection control pressure
- sensor 24 monitors boost pressure
- sensor 25 monitors oil temperature
- sensor 26 monitors ambient air temperature
- sensor 27 monitors barometric pressure and sensor 28 monitors exhaust back pressure.
- the high pressure oil supply pump 40 is driven by the engine, and must have the capacity to meet the engine's peak torque requirements. At peak torque, an engine is rotating at a relatively low rate, for example about 2,000 revolutions per minute, and, accordingly, drives the actuating fluid pump at a relatively low rate. In the preferred embodiment, the high pressure oil supply pump 40 is driven at 86% of the engine speed and thus at peak torque, the high pressure oil supply pump is rotating at about 1720 revolutions per minute.
- RPCV 50 pump output pressure is controlled by the RPCV 50.
- the RPCV 50 is an electrically operated dump valve which closely controls pump output pressure by dumping excess flow back to the engine oil sump 54 through a return passage 52.
- An engine oil pump 55 pumps oil from the sump 54 through an oil cooler 56 and an oil filter 57. Oil from the oil filter 57 can flow either through a passageway 58 to the high pressure oil supply pump 40 or through passageway 59 to the engine lubrication system.
- an injector 60 will be described. It should be understood that the engine disclosed herein is an eight cylinder engine of the type having two banks of four cylinders. Since the injectors are identical, only one injector 60 will be described.
- the HEUI injectors 60 uses the hydraulic energy of the pressurized oil to cause injection.
- the injector has an electronic solenoid 61 that can be energized by a signal from the EDU 30.
- the electronic solenoid 61 is a very fast acting electromagnet, which when energized, pulls the poppet valve 62 off its seat.
- the popper valve 62 is held on its seat by a spring 63.
- Fuel is drawn from the fuel tank 80 by a mechanical fuel pump 81 and flows through a filter 82 to each cylinder head.
- fuel is supplied to each injector by means of internal fuel supply galleries in the engine head.
- the pressure of the incoming oil controls the speed of the intensifier piston 66 and plunger movement, and therefore, the rate/pressure injection characteristic.
- the amount of fuel injected is determined by the duration of the duty cycle from the EDU 30 and how long it keeps the solenoid 61 energized.
- FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating how the prior art duty cycle is calculated.
- Duty Cycle % is plotted on the X axis and Desired Rail Pressure on the Y axis.
- a family of curves have been plotted, each curve representing the engine at a particular operating speed expressed in revolutions per minute.
- a best fit line has been drawn through this family of curves.
- the duty cycle for a desired rail pressure was determined by this best fit line. It is apparent from this chart that at a desired rail pressure, for example at 8 MPa, the best fit line indicates a duty cycle of approximately 22%. However, the actual curves at 8 MPa are spread over a range from 20% to 24%.
- the engine operating condition will be compensated for by changing the feed forward calibration from a lookup function based only on desired rail pressure to a lookup table based on desired rail pressure and RPCV flow. This can be accomplished by programming the ECM software to calculate RPCV flow according to the following formula:
- the high pressure oil supply pump 40 used in the preferred embodiment has a capacity of 6.5 cc per revolution, is driven by the engine at 86% of the engine's operating speed and has a volumetric efficiency of about 98%.
- the supply pump flow for the high pressure oil supply pump 40 used in the preferred embodiment is equal to: 5.47 (cc/rev) ⁇ engine speed (RPM) or 5.47 ⁇ engine speed (cc/min). ##EQU1##
- the engine has four strokes per revolution and the oil to fuel ratio is 15.
- the injector flow equals 0.06 ⁇ engine speed (RPM) ⁇ fuel delivered (cu mm/stroke).
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are charts, based on the data contained in TABLE 1, that depict the relationship between RPCV flow, desired rail pressure and duty cycle. It should be noted that FIG. 5 includes curves for eight different desired rail pressures and FIG. 6 repeats three of these curves but at a larger scale.
- FIG. 7 is a chart showing duty cycle required for various pressures and RPCV flow in which the RPCV flow are based upon actual measured fuel rates.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
RPCV flow=supply pump flow-injector demand flow
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ fuel rpcv icp VFDES rate pump inj flow flow duty N rpm cu mm lb/hr cc/min cc/min lpm % ______________________________________ ICP = 3.4 MPa 650 37.8 4.4 3555.5 1466.4 2.09 9.57 650 18.9 4.5 3555.5 737.1 2.82 9.47 650 9.7 2 3555.5 378.3 3.18 9.67 650 4.4 1.6 3555.5 171.6 3.38 9.77 900 0 0 4923 0 4.92 8.50 1200 0 0 6564 0 6.56 7.81 1400 0 0 7658 0 7.66 7.13 ICP = 5.0 MPa 650 37.5 10.7 3555.5 1462.5 2.09 14.65 650 31.3 8.8 3555.5 1220.7 2.33 14.75 1400 27.8 17.2 7658 2335.2 5.32 13.48 1400 12.6 8 7658 1058.4 6.60 13.28 2200 27.5 26.9 12034 3630 8.40 12.50 2200 12.6 11.7 12034 1663.2 10.37 12.11 3300 18.8 23.7 18051 3722.4 14.33 11.52 3300 12.5 13 18051 2475 15.58 11.33 ICP = 7.0 MPa 650 45 11.7 3555.5 1755 1.80 19.49 650 40.5 10.8 3555.5 1579.5 1.98 19.24 1400 35.3 21.3 7658 2965.2 4.69 18.75 2200 27.5 25.2 12034 3630 8.40 17.78 3300 19 27.5 18051 3762 14.29 16.50 3300 13.3 20 18051 2633.4 15.42 16.21 ICP = 9.0 MPa 1200 38.1 18.2 6564 2743.2 3.82 23.15 1800 28.6 22.33 9846 3088.8 6.76 22.36 2200 27.5 26.8 12034 3630 8.40 22.85 3300 18.8 25.8 18051 3722.4 14.33 20.12 ICP = 11.0 MPa 900 41.1 15.4 4923 2219.4 2.70 27.15 1200 42 21 6564 3024 3.54 26.76 1800 37.6 28.3 9846 4060.8 5.79 26.08 2200 33.8 32.3 12034 4461.6 7.57 25.69 3300 28.8 39.4 18051 5702.4 12.35 24.42 ICP = 13.0 MPa 1400 44.6 26.1 7658 3746.4 3.91 29.20 2200 37.6 35.75 12034 4963.2 7.07 28.72 3300 38.8 52.9 18051 7682.4 10.37 28.13 3300 19.2 21.8 18051 3801.6 14.25 27.25 ICP = 15.0 MPa 1400 61.8 36.2 7658 5191.2 2.47 32.72 2200 44.1 42.6 12034 5821.2 6.21 32.03 3300 57.2 81.8 18051 11325.6 6.73 32.42 3300 39 54.65 18051 7722 10.33 31.64 ICP = 17.0 MPa 2200 68 63.3 12034 8976 3.06 35.26 3300 62.8 90.1 18051 12434.4 5.62 35.35 3300 38.3 54.3 18051 7583.4 10.47 34.38 ______________________________________
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
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US08/300,292 US5485820A (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Injection control pressure strategy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US08/300,292 US5485820A (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1994-09-02 | Injection control pressure strategy |
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US5485820A true US5485820A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
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Title |
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"HEUI--A New Direction for Diesel Engine Fuel Systems", S. F. Glassey et al. SAE Paper No. 930270, Mar. 1993. |
HEUI A New Direction for Diesel Engine Fuel Systems , S. F. Glassey et al. SAE Paper No. 930270, Mar. 1993. * |
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