US546364A - tommasi - Google Patents
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- US546364A US546364A US546364DA US546364A US 546364 A US546364 A US 546364A US 546364D A US546364D A US 546364DA US 546364 A US546364 A US 546364A
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- Prior art keywords
- disks
- metal
- copper
- cathode
- lead
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 42
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000588 Gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002027 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 2
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lead(II) nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000002105 Tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N β-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to an apparatus for ond, to reduce to a minimum the electrical:
- FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section
- Fig. 2 a plan view of a form of my apparatus more particularly intended for the recovery of metal in a spongy state.
- Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of the same, and Fig. 1 a detail view more particularly referred to hereinafter.
- Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent face, edge, and crosssectional views, respectively, of one of the cathode-disks constructed in segmentsfor recovering the metal in a compact state.
- the apparatus may be modified according to the result which it is desired to obtain.
- the apparatus represented consists of a trough A, in which rotate one or more disks E, mounted upon a revolving-shaft O and only partially immersed, so that every part of the acting-surface shall be alternately ex posed to the air and to the electrolyte.
- the disk or disks pass between friction rubbers or brushes D, which are preferably made slitted, which not only remove the numerous bubbles of hydrogen adhering thereto, but also the metallic deposit which is received and collected in gutters 0 by which it is cond ucted into receptacles for melting. To avoid the throwing off of the metallic particles by the rotation of the disks, the latter may be inclosed in a casing.
- the vat A of the electrolyzers represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 may be made either of stoneware, enameled iron, Wood lined with india rubber, ebonite, celluloid, or guttapercha, 850., or coated with an insulating varnish unattackable by the agents employed.
- the cathode-disks E may be made of copper, zinc, lead, aluminium, &c., or of compressed carbon, either alone or mixed with oxide of copper, by which hydrogen is absorbed, thus avoiding the polarization which is so detrimental in electrolysis.
- the brushes or rubbers D are made of inoxidizable material and may be provided with means, such as adjusting-screws 0', for adjusting them to regulate the pressure upon the disks.
- the cathode-disks are connected electrically through their shaft, which is connected to the negative conductor of the dynamo by any suitable means.
- the anodes may be made, as shown, in the form of plates PP, produced by casting the metal or ore in a suitable mold.
- the cathode-disk is constituted of sector-shaped segments, whose edges are ton gued and slide in grooves in their supporting-arms, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, in which- (1 a are radial arms, made of insulating and unattackable material fixed to a hub, also of insulating material, keyed on the shaft.
- a metal plate 9 is pressed against the inner ends of said segments by means of spiral or other springs it, connected to the conductive axis of the disk.
- Polarization is entirely prevented (a) by the continuous rotation of the disks forming the cathodes; (b) by the friction of the brushes or hands against the opposite faces of the disks, whereby the escape of the hydrogen is facilitated; (c) by the presence of oxide of copper, (when the cathodes are made of carbon,) which takes up the hydrogen and becomes reduced to a metallic state.
- the reduced copper being in an extremely subdivided state, quickly takes up the oxygen of the air, especially in presence of carbon, and is converted afresh into oxide of copper, which in its turn is reduced by the hydrogen, and so on indefinitely by reason of the continual rotation of the disks, each portion of which is bathed alternately in the liquid and in the alr.
- the metal precipitated upon the cathode-disks is removed as fast as it is produced, or in the case of a compact deposit it is removed in sections corresponding to each of the segments composing the cathode-disk, without completely dismounting the apparatus, it being only necessary to unscrew the covering-strips e or the screws f, as the case may be, which may be done whether the disks are in motion or at rest, whereupon the segment will be pressed outward by the spring 7t, and may thus be easily withdrawn, either for melting or otherwise, another segment being inserted if a fresh deposit of metal is required. Each segment can thus be removed at the moment it leaves the bath.
- the arrangement represented in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 has the not less important advantage that when not required to work through the night, or for other prolonged period, the seg ments may be removed, whereby the oxidation of the deposit is avoided.
- ⁇ Vhen as in the extraction of zinc, cadmium, lead, tin, antimony, dye, from their alkaline or other solutions, in order to obtain these metals in a spongy or compact condition, it is necessary to employ an anode which is insoluble in the electrolyte, a perforated holder of insulating ma terial, such as celluloid, ebonite, gutta-percha, 850., is used, which is filled with metallic copper, lead, silver, dscn, or other metal whose 0xide is insoluble in the electrolyte and is reducible by electrolyticl1ydrogen,this metal being in a spongy or reduced state obtained by precipitation or other means and in the midst of which is placed a
- This arrangement can only be employed when the electrolyte has no solvent action upon the metal of the anode, even under the influence of the electric current, and it has for object to enable the anode to take up the oxygen produced at the positive pole by forming an oxide which is insoluble in the electrolyte, and so preventing the polarization of the anode and the consequent diminution of the energy necessary for working.
- these anode-holders are removed and placed in a fresh trough containing as electrolyte acidulated or alkaline water and connected with the negative pole, so as to form cathodes, the anodes in this case being formed either of platinized copper plates or of carbon or other unattackable conductive substance.
- My electrolyzer may be employed with ad- ITO vantage for the electrolytic refining of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, silver, &c., for the recovery of the tin from tin-plate scraps, for treating argentiferous slags or skimmings, old coin, matte, speiss, &c., for extracting metals from their ores whether roasted or not, soluble, or otherwise, with or without soluble anodes, and particularly for the extraction of copper, zinc, lead, antimony, nickel, &c., and the preparation of certain chemical products, &c. It will be evident that the composition of the bath will be varied according to the electrolytic operation to be performed.
- the electrolyte would be of the following special composition of my invention: (a) a solution in one thousand grams of water of two hundred and fifty grams of caustic potash or soda, to which is added one hundred grams of acetate of soda or sulphate of sodium and about eighty grams of glycerine or other organic matters having reducing properties-such as sugar, glucose, milksugar, &c.the former (the alkaline.
- I claim- 1 In an electrolyzer as herein specified a rotating cathode disk composed of a mixture of carbon and oxide of copper, as and for the purpose specified.
- a cathode disk the combination of a hub having radial grooved arms, spring pressed contact plates between the radial arms, sector shaped cathode segments having tongued edges adapted to fit in the grooves of the radial arms and held in place by screws at the periphery of the disk and by the pressure of the contact plates, substantially as described.
- a cathode disk In a cathode disk the combination of a hub having radial grooved arms, spring pressed sector shaped cathode segments having tongued edges adapted to lit in the grooves of the radial arms, and means for retaining the segments in place against the tension of the spring, substantially as described.
Description
(No Model) 2 sheep's-sheet 2;
'APPARATUSFOR EXTRAOTING, SEPARATING AND REFINING METALS BY 7 BLEGTROLYYSIS. No. 546,36 Patented Sept. 17,1895.
FIE-3-7 UNITED STATES I PATENT OEErcE.
DONATO TOMMASI, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, SEPARATING, AND REFINING METALS BY ELECTROLYSIS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 56,364, dated September 17, 1895.
Application filed September 24,1892. Serial No. 446,775. (No model.) Pa entedinImn r 8 in'Eugland April 1, 1892, No. 16,892, and May 21,1892,N0. 16,893; in Belgium August 19,1892,N0.101,006; in Austria-Hungary May 3,1893, No. 55,418 and No. 88,065, and in Spain September 16, 3893, No.14,'798.
To all whom it may concern: A 'Be it known that I, DONATO ToMMAsI, 0 the city of Paris, France, have invented an Apparatus for the Extraction, Separation, and
Refining of Metals by Electrolysis, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France April 1, 1892, No. 220,580; in Belgium August 19, 1892, No. 101,006; in Great Britain April 1, 1892, No. 16,892, and May 21, 1892, No. 16,893; in Austria-Hungary May 3, 1893, No.
55,418 and No. 88,065, and in Spain September 16, 1893, No. 14,798,) of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to an apparatus for ond, to reduce to a minimum the electrical:
resistance of the electrolyte by bringing the electrodes closer together; third, to keep the I electrolyte homogeneous by the agitation due to the revolving motion of the disks and of the bars or ingots above mentioned; fourth, to obtain the deposit in a compact state by constructing the cathode-disks of removable segments, as hereinafter described; fifth, and in other details of construction and processes of separation, more fully hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, wherein- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section and Fig. 2 a plan view of a form of my apparatus more particularly intended for the recovery of metal in a spongy state. Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of the same, and Fig. 1 a detail view more particularly referred to hereinafter. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent face, edge, and crosssectional views, respectively, of one of the cathode-disks constructed in segmentsfor recovering the metal in a compact state.
The same letters. of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The apparatus may be modified according to the result which it is desired to obtain.
The apparatus represented consists of a trough A, in which rotate one or more disks E, mounted upon a revolving-shaft O and only partially immersed, so that every part of the acting-surface shall be alternately ex posed to the air and to the electrolyte. The disk or disks pass between friction rubbers or brushes D, which are preferably made slitted, which not only remove the numerous bubbles of hydrogen adhering thereto, but also the metallic deposit which is received and collected in gutters 0 by which it is cond ucted into receptacles for melting. To avoid the throwing off of the metallic particles by the rotation of the disks, the latter may be inclosed in a casing.
The vat A of the electrolyzers represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 may be made either of stoneware, enameled iron, Wood lined with india rubber, ebonite, celluloid, or guttapercha, 850., or coated with an insulating varnish unattackable by the agents employed. The cathode-disks E may be made of copper, zinc, lead, aluminium, &c., or of compressed carbon, either alone or mixed with oxide of copper, by which hydrogen is absorbed, thus avoiding the polarization which is so detrimental in electrolysis. The brushes or rubbers D are made of inoxidizable material and may be provided with means, such as adjusting-screws 0', for adjusting them to regulate the pressure upon the disks.
The cathode-disks are connected electrically through their shaft, which is connected to the negative conductor of the dynamo by any suitable means. The anodes may be made, as shown, in the form of plates PP, produced by casting the metal or ore in a suitable mold.
In order to recover the metal in a compact form, the cathode-disk is constituted of sector-shaped segments, whose edges are ton gued and slide in grooves in their supporting-arms, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, in which- (1 a are radial arms, made of insulating and unattackable material fixed to a hub, also of insulating material, keyed on the shaft.
1) are the grooves in the lateral faces of the arms, in which are received the tongues c on the edges of the segments (1, which are held in place either by screw-stopsf or by strips of insulating material e, fixed by screws to the ends of arms a.
In order to obtain a constant contact and regular transmission of the current to each of the segments of which the cathode-disk is composed, a metal plate 9 is pressed against the inner ends of said segments by means of spiral or other springs it, connected to the conductive axis of the disk.
The advantages of this electrolyzer, as compared with those now in use, may be thus summarized.
First. Polarization is entirely prevented (a) by the continuous rotation of the disks forming the cathodes; (b) by the friction of the brushes or hands against the opposite faces of the disks, whereby the escape of the hydrogen is facilitated; (c) by the presence of oxide of copper, (when the cathodes are made of carbon,) which takes up the hydrogen and becomes reduced to a metallic state. The reduced copper, being in an extremely subdivided state, quickly takes up the oxygen of the air, especially in presence of carbon, and is converted afresh into oxide of copper, which in its turn is reduced by the hydrogen, and so on indefinitely by reason of the continual rotation of the disks, each portion of which is bathed alternately in the liquid and in the alr.
Second. The metal precipitated upon the cathode-disks is removed as fast as it is produced, or in the case of a compact deposit it is removed in sections corresponding to each of the segments composing the cathode-disk, without completely dismounting the apparatus, it being only necessary to unscrew the covering-strips e or the screws f, as the case may be, which may be done whether the disks are in motion or at rest, whereupon the segment will be pressed outward by the spring 7t, and may thus be easily withdrawn, either for melting or otherwise, another segment being inserted if a fresh deposit of metal is required. Each segment can thus be removed at the moment it leaves the bath. The advantages attending this mode of operation are as follows: (a) the metal being continually withdrawn from the oxidizing action of the bath is no longer liable to be attacked and to form local couples whose current is inverse to the principal current; (1)) diminution of the electrical resistance of the bath, inasmuch as the anodes may be brought quite close to the cathodes without the liability of shortcircuiting; (0) economy of current due to the diminution of the resistance of the bath. Theoretically, the electrolytic refining of metals involves no expenditure of mechanical energy, as the quantity of heat disengaged by a molecule of any metal entering into solu tion is exactly equal to the quantity of heat absorbed by setting at liberty a molecule oi. the same metal from its corresponding com pound. Mechanical energy is in fact only employed to overcome the resistance of the electrolytic solution and the polarization of the electrodes.
Third. The density of the several layers of liquid traversed by the current is the same throughout owing to the continual rotation of the disks by which they are kept constantly stirred, thereby preventing the liquid from becoming satnated toward the bottom and impoverished in the upper portion of the bath, as is always the case where the liquid remains at rest.
The arrangement represented in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 has the not less important advantage that when not required to work through the night, or for other prolonged period, the seg ments may be removed, whereby the oxidation of the deposit is avoided. \Vhen, as in the extraction of zinc, cadmium, lead, tin, antimony, dye, from their alkaline or other solutions, in order to obtain these metals in a spongy or compact condition, it is necessary to employ an anode which is insoluble in the electrolyte, a perforated holder of insulating ma terial, such as celluloid, ebonite, gutta-percha, 850., is used, which is filled with metallic copper, lead, silver, dscn, or other metal whose 0xide is insoluble in the electrolyte and is reducible by electrolyticl1ydrogen,this metal being in a spongy or reduced state obtained by precipitation or other means and in the midst of which is placed a plate of carbon, copper, or other unattackable conducting material. This arrangement can only be employed when the electrolyte has no solvent action upon the metal of the anode, even under the influence of the electric current, and it has for object to enable the anode to take up the oxygen produced at the positive pole by forming an oxide which is insoluble in the electrolyte, and so preventing the polarization of the anode and the consequent diminution of the energy necessary for working. When the metal has been completely oxidized, these anode-holders are removed and placed in a fresh trough containing as electrolyte acidulated or alkaline water and connected with the negative pole, so as to form cathodes, the anodes in this case being formed either of platinized copper plates or of carbon or other unattackable conductive substance. Under the influence of the current, the water being decomposed, the hydrogen reduces the oxide to the metallic state, while oxygen disengages at the positive pole. This method possesses the advantage, besides preventing polarization,of enabling the same metal to be repeatedly employed as the anode, without the necessity of renewing it after each operation.
My electrolyzer may be employed with ad- ITO vantage for the electrolytic refining of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, silver, &c., for the recovery of the tin from tin-plate scraps, for treating argentiferous slags or skimmings, old coin, matte, speiss, &c., for extracting metals from their ores whether roasted or not, soluble, or otherwise, with or without soluble anodes, and particularly for the extraction of copper, zinc, lead, antimony, nickel, &c., and the preparation of certain chemical products, &c. It will be evident that the composition of the bath will be varied according to the electrolytic operation to be performed. Thusasulphate of copper solution would be used for refining copper, a sulphate or acetate of zinc solution for the refining or extraction of zinc, a lead nitrate solution for extracting lead from galena, and so on. The composition of these various liquids being the same as usual needs no description. I would, however, remark that when the electrolyzer is employed for the extraction of silver from pig-lead, Pattinsonized lead, or argentiferous slags or skimmings the electrolyte would be of the following special composition of my invention: (a) a solution in one thousand grams of water of two hundred and fifty grams of caustic potash or soda, to which is added one hundred grams of acetate of soda or sulphate of sodium and about eighty grams of glycerine or other organic matters having reducing properties-such as sugar, glucose, milksugar, &c.the former (the alkaline. salts) diminishing the electrical resistance of the bath, and the second (the organic matters) preventing the formation on the anode of peroxide of lead, which might retard and even prevent its solution in the liquid traversed by the current; (1)) a solution of neutral acetate of lead or rendered alkaline by,
an excess of caustic potash, to which is also added ten per cent. of glycerine or other organic reducing matters for the same purpose as before.
For extracting silver from argentiferous slags or skimmings to an electrolyte of the above composition is added a solution of neutral acetate of zinc, or rendered alkaline by an excess of caustic potash, together with organic reducing matters, as before.
I claim- 1. In an electrolyzer as herein specified a rotating cathode disk composed of a mixture of carbon and oxide of copper, as and for the purpose specified.
2. In a cathode disk the combination of a hub having radial grooved arms, spring pressed contact plates between the radial arms, sector shaped cathode segments having tongued edges adapted to fit in the grooves of the radial arms and held in place by screws at the periphery of the disk and by the pressure of the contact plates, substantially as described.
3. In a cathode disk the combination of a hub having radial grooved arms, spring pressed sector shaped cathode segments having tongued edges adapted to lit in the grooves of the radial arms, and means for retaining the segments in place against the tension of the spring, substantially as described.
The foregoing specification of my process and apparatus for the extraction, separation, and refining of metals by electrolysis signed by me this 27th day of August, 1892.
DONATO TOMMASI. Witnesses:
R. M. HOOPER, ALBERT MOREAU.
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US546364A true US546364A (en) | 1895-09-17 |
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US546364D Expired - Lifetime US546364A (en) | tommasi |
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