US546360A - John h - Google Patents

Description

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(No Mod eeee 2 sheets-sum 2. J. H. STEVENS 85 E. D. HARBISON,

PROD'GIIN OF IMITATIN lONYXPM PYRXYLIN GMPOUNDS. Patentd Sept, 17, 1895.

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UNITED i STATES PATE-NT Price.

JOHN H. STEVENS, OF NEVVARK,`A ND EDWIN D. HARRISON, OF IRVING- ToN, NEW JERSEY, AssIcNoRs To THE NEW YORK, N. Y.`

CELLULOID OOMPANY, OF

PRODUCTION OF IMITATION ONYX; FROM PYROXYLlN COMPOUNDS.

SPEGIFICATION formng part of Letters Patent No. 546,360, dated September 17, 1895.

Application filed June 5, 1895. Serial No. 551,717. (No spe'cimens.)

To aZZ whom it may oonccrn:

Be it known that we, J oHN H. STEvnNs, of

the city of Newark, and EDWIN D. HAERISON, of the village of Irvington, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have made certain new and useful Improvements in the Production of Imitation Onyx from Pyroxylin Oornpounds, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accotnpanying drawings,wherein similar letters refer to like parts in the figures.

Figure l shows a pair of rolls in section and superimposed sheets of proxyline material. Fig. 2 shows the appearance of the light-tinted material when the rolling is partially completed. Fig. 3 shows a rough sheet of the light-tinted material after rolling; Fig. 4, a pile of such sheets with the veins or streaks of darker color breaking through and across the edges of the strata. Fig. 5 shows the slab made from the aforesaid pile with a sheet partly planed therefrom. Fig. 6 shows the manner of preparing the material for a stuffing-machine. Fig. 7 shows a rod, and Fig. 8 shows a tube of our imitation onyx.

Solid or massive pyroxyline compounds, as is well known, oWe their commercial importance largely to their susceptibility to coloring treatment and manipulations essential to the production of imitations of natural substances--like mottled amber, tortoise-shell, vened ivory, carnelian, &c. Owing to the peculiar nature of these compounds, involving rapid changes in hardness and plasticity and the necessary use of varying temperatures, the treatment is surrounded with difficulties distinct from those ordinarily encountered in working with other plastic compositions. Hence the evolution of processes rendering possible the Successful production of pleasing imitations has been slow, the methods employed as described in the various foreign and United States patents relating to this subject not yet being suftlcient to enable the skilled operator to produce many desirable effects demanded by the trade.

The production in a pyroxyline com position of an artiicial-veined onyx has long been desired, and so far as we are aware this has never been accomplished prior to our inventon. VVe have, however, invented a new method :for the manufacture of an imitation of onyx which exhibits the stratifled cloudlike markings of pale tints with the strong yellow or brown color breaking through in a direction opposed to the trend of the lighter strata, as follows: VVe prepare a mixture of soluble pyroxyline and suitable solvents (preferably camphor associated with either ethylic or methylic alcohol) of such Well-known proportions as form a soft combination suitable for masticati'on in rolls or equivalent apparatus. Before adding the coloring-matter we separate this mixture into two or more parts, each proportioned in quantity to the corresponding quantity of each of the different light tints desired in the completed artificial onyx. VI e then subject each of these parts separately to the action of the rolls, adding whatever color or pigment is necessary to produce the shade desired to the cornpouud during the rolling process. There are thus produced crudely-converted separate masses representiug as many of the different light tints as are desired in the completed product. These crudely-converted masses of different shades of color should be of a softer consistency than the final freshly-formed ouyx coinbinations, in order to cause asinooth tiow of the materials in the rolls and preventa ragged or abrnpt appearance of the strata in the next step of the Operation. I

The next step in our process consists in rolling these separate and dilferently-tinted masses, by means of the rolls,into rough sheets, (say about one-half inch in thichness and twenty by thirty inches superficial area, more or less, according to the size of the batch or of the rolls eniployed.) These rough sheets of different tints o and b, Fig. l of the accompanying drawings, are next placed together face to face (one sheet of each tint) and passed through the rolls c in such a manner that they adhere as one mass to one of the rolls and, coming around, meet the last end of the combined superimposed sheets, as represented in Fig. 1, thus forming a continuous mass d, Fig. 2, which we permit to revolve,

and thus flood, as at e, Fig. 2, at the interseotion of the rolls (regulating the distance between the rolls by meehanieal means) for such a length of time as will produce the amount of mixing desired. lVe next cut and strip the mass partly from the roll-say once or twicefland permit it to become a revolving mass again to insure a more uniform mixing. When the combination of colors is such as to represent the lighter part of the onyx, (which can be det'ermined by slicing off a test-piece occasionaliy,) the mass d is stripped from theroll and laid on a fiat surface, and then appears like a rough thiek sheet of combined light tints lying approximately in horiontal planes or strata, as shown in Fig. 3. An analogous resuit, but somewhat inferior, can be accomplished by cutting the separately tinted masses into small pieees and repeatedly passing them colleetively-and parallel with each other` through the roils until they are flattened and mixed into a mass or sheet the planes of Whose strata fairly coincide with the surface of the sheet.

Our next step is to produce an imitation of the raw yellow orbrown streaks or veins of the natural onyx. This is effeeted by eutting the fiat stratified sheetthus prod need transversely and across the strata of light tints, regulating the shape, obliquity of the cut, or closeness of the out places to each other, according to the particular sample of real onyx to be imitated. Into these cuts ordivisions we next introduce tiuid having a dark yellow or brown color, and this may be made either of a coloringmatter dissolved in alcohol or, preferably, a soluble color combined with dissolved pyroxyline, or even a sheet of soft yellow or brown pyroxyline Composition can be used. The crude sheets thus made and containing horizontal strata of light tints with yellowor brown transverse perpendicular or oblique veins or lines of eolorf, Fig. 4, are next cut into suitable sizes and piled so as to form a number of superimposed fiat sheets, as shown in Fg. 4. These are placed oollectively within a chase and the chase put upon the bed-plate of a press, and by means of a plunger the sheets are compressed, while heated, into a solid block or cake. From this block, when cooled, we may cut sheets by means of a planing or veneering machine. Such a block, with a sheet partly cut therefrom, is shown in Fig. 5.

The finished sheets exhibit the lighter tints of onyx in cloud-like figures erossed with yellow or brown veins or bars of color with their planes in a direction transverse to those of the lighter tints, and the sheets so closely resemble genuine onyx that the mostV pleasing effects can be produced in articles out or moided from them. We also form rods or tubes by forcing the freshly-rolled product (in the Condition suitable for molding into a block) through a heated eylinder or the cylinder of one of the well-known stuffing-maohines used in this art, gradually narrowed down, so as to contract the material into a small orilice, from which it emerges through a nozzle suitable for forming a rod or tube. lVe place it in the cylinder in pieces, so arranged in a mass that the strata of yellow or brown will present their edges to the fiat side of a lateral cross-section of a rod or tube so formed. A mass suitable for this purpose, With the strata f2 properly arrangcd, is shown in Fig. 6. A finished rod is shown in Fig. 7 and a` tube in Fig. 8.

Methods of coloring the pyroxyline compesitions used are well known and it is unneeessary to describe the coloring-matter or pigments used. In using the terms horizontal or i perpendicular, as indicating the position of the strata, we mean to indicate their position or trend, as coinpared with each other.

XVhat we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The method of produeing a pyroxyline eompound in imitation of onyx, eonsisting, first, in fo'rming the light tinted parts in solidified strata; second, eutting through these strata across their edges; third, inserting coloring matter between the out parts, and, fourth, solidifying the whole into blocks, shapes or masses, subst-antially as described.

2. The method of produeing a pyroxyline eompound in imitation of onyx, eonsisting, first, in forming the light-tinted parts in solidified strata; second, cutting through these strata across their edges; third, inserting a pyroxyline Composition of a different color between the cnt parts, and, fourth, solidifying the whole into blocks, shapes or masses, substantially as described.

3. A pyroxyline componnd in imitation of onyx, consisting of two or more light tints in solidified strata with lines of a different color breaking through or crossing the edges of these light tinted strata, substantially as d'escribed.

Lt. A rod or sheet of pyroxylinecomposition in imitation of onyx, consisting of two or more light tints with streaks of a darker color breaking through or interspersed with the lighter tints, substantially as described.

JOHN H. STEVENS. EDWIN D. HARRISON. Witnesses:

GEORGE S. PoLLARD, OnoIL H. MAOMAHON.

ICQ

It is hereby eertfied that the assignee in Letters Patent No. 546,360, granted September 17, 1895, upon the application of John H. Stevens, of Newark, and Edwn D. Harrson, of Irvington, New Jersey, for an improvement in the Preduetion of Imitaton Onyx from Pyroxylne Oompounds, should have been described and specified as the C'elluloid Company, of New York, N. Y., a cmpomt'ion of New Jersey, nstead of the Celluloid Company, of New York, N. Y.; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correetion therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofice.

Signed, eountersgned, and sealed this 29th day of October, A. D. 1895. 0

[SEAL] JNO. M. REYNOLDS,

Assstcmt Secretary of'the Interior.

Countersigned S. T. FISHER,

Acting Gommssimwr of Patents.

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