US546056A - Valve-gear for steam-engines - Google Patents

Valve-gear for steam-engines Download PDF

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US546056A
US546056A US546056DA US546056A US 546056 A US546056 A US 546056A US 546056D A US546056D A US 546056DA US 546056 A US546056 A US 546056A
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steam
engine
shaft
chest
gear
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B13/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion
    • F01B13/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder
    • F01B13/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder in star arrangement
    • F01B13/068—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with rotating cylinders in order to obtain the reciprocating-piston motion with more than one cylinder in star arrangement the connection of the pistons with an actuated or actuating element being at the inner ends of the cylinders

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  • My invention relates to valve gears for steam-engines of the class to which the engine described in my pending application, Serial No. 540,952, belongs.
  • the engine described in my pending application, Serial No. 540,952 belongs.
  • four cylinders arranged in pairs are grouped about the main engine-shaft and the pistons thereof act in successive quadrants of the circle to impart continuous rotation to the shaft.
  • the four valves which control the induction and exhaust ports of the cylinders are actuated by cams on the main shaft.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide the engine with reversing mechanism and with a governor for automatically regulating the operation of the valves.
  • Figure 1 is horizontal section of the engine and gear in the plane of the main shaft.
  • Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same as seen from arrow y in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the engine, taken in the axes of the cylinders.
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line x m in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a face view of the valves and their operating-cams.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of the engine provided with the reversing mechanism only.
  • Fig. 7 is a view of the'valve-gear without the reversing mechanism.
  • 1 represents the body of the engine; 2, the cylinders 3, the pistons therein; 4, the pistonrods, those of each pair of pistons being rigidly connected to a yoke 5, which yokes act on equilateral triangular cams 6 on the main shaft 7.
  • the valve-chest or steam-chest 8 At the back of the engine-body is the valve-chest or steam-chest 8, from which induction-ports 9 lead to the outer ends of the cylinders and exhaust-ports open into a circular passage 10, leading to an exhaust outlet 11, Fig. 5.
  • the steam is admitted to the steam-chest by asupply-pipe 12, arranged in any way desired.
  • the steam induction and eduction ports are controlled by slidevalves 13, actuated by a cam or cams on the main shaft 7.
  • the slide-valves 13, Fig. 5, are mounted in guides 14, and those of each pair of oppositely-arranged valves are coupled to a yoke 15 in a manner similar to the pistons of the engine, and in each yoke is an equilateral triangular cam 16.
  • the cams 16 are both fixed to asleeve 17 on the prolongation of the main shaft 7, Fig. 1, and on the outer end of said sleeve, exterior to the valve-chest, is fixed a gear-wheellS. (Seen in Figs.
  • the shaft 7 projects out beyond the end of the sleeve 17 and has mounted loosely on it a Beyond said disk and fixed on the shaft 7 is a flanged boss 20, having in its flange a hole to receive a pin 21, the tip of which is adapted to enter one or more holes 22 in the carrier 19.
  • the wheel 18 is in gear with two wheels 23, rotatively mounted in the carrier 19, through two intermediate wheels 24, also rotatively mounted on the carrier.
  • the arbors23", on which the respective wheels 23 are fixed, project out through the carrier, and on the outer ends of said arbors are secured weighted arms 25, which operate in a manner similar to thearms and balls of a governor.
  • On each arbor 23 is a stifi coilspring 26, one end of which is secured to the arm 25 and the other end to a bracket 27 on the carrier19.
  • the operation of the governor is as follows:
  • the pin 21 fixes the carrier 19 to the main shaft 7, and whe'rT'fhe latter rotates the carrier moves with it.
  • the engagement of the teeth of the wheel 18 on the sleeve of the cams 16 with those of the wheels on the carrier causes the carrier to drive the cams 16; but when the speed of the shaft reaches a velocity at which the centrifugal force, acting on the weighted arms 25, suffices to overcome the tension of the springs 26, the free ends of the arms move out radially, thus rotating the wheels 23 to a moderate extentand through them the wheel 18, so as to shift the cams 16 about the main shaft, and thus modify their action on the valves.
  • the purpose of the intermediate wheels 24 is to cause the carrier to drive the cam-sleeve with the main shaft and avoid the rolling of the Wheels 23 about the wheel 18, which would result from the concentric arrangement if the said wheels 23 geared directly with the central wheel.
  • the purpose in employing two weighted arms and two sets of intermediate gears is merely to balance the construction. One arm and its appurtenances are merely a duplicate of the oth er.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a construction wherein only the reversing mechanism is employed.
  • the governor mechanism is omitted, and a disk 19*, corresponding to the disk 19 of the principal views, is secured to the sleeve of the cams 16 and is adapted to be locked to the flanged boss by a pin.
  • Fig. 7 shows the disk or carrier 19 fixed to the main shaft directly by a set-screw, the mechanism for reversing previously shown being omitted from this view. It would be feasible, however, to reverse with this construction by loosening the set-screw, turning the carrier half-way around on the shaft, and then driving the set-screw tight again.
  • the springs 26 are of course designed to draw in the weighted arms when the speed of the engine slackens. Any suitable adaptation of springs may be employed for this purpose.
  • cams'16 are arranged in yokes in the same manner as the cams which are acted on by the pistons, and they will be set in line with the engine-cams on the shaft. Their positions are indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3.
  • cam-yokes are represented as connected to the respective pairs of valves by rigid rods;
  • I claim 1 In an engine having cam-operated valves in a steam-chest and controlling the induction and eduction ports of the cylinders, the combination with the main engine-shaft, of the valve-operating cam, mounted rotatively on said shaft within the steam-chest and provided with a sleeve embracing the shaft and projecting therewith. from said chest, and means for detachably connecting said sleeve and shaft exterior to the chest, substantially as set forth.
  • the com bination with the main engine-shaft, of the valve-operating cam mounted rotatively on said shaft within the steam-chest and provided with a sleeve embracing the shaft and projecting therewith from said chest, a flanged disk 20, fixed on the main shaft exterior to the steam-chest, a disk carried by said sleeve, adjacent to the disk 20, and a pin 21, to engage co-inciding holes in said disks and lock them together in the position set, substantially as set forth.
  • valves controlling the induction and eduction ports of the several cylinders, the cam-yokes coupled to the respective valves, the two equilateral, triangular cams 16, connected together and mounted rotatively on the main shaft, said valves having a sleeve 17, which embraces the shaft and extends out of the steam-chest, a gear-wheel 18, secured to the sleeve 17, exterior to the steam-chest, a carrier-disk 19, secured to the main shaft adjacent to the gear-wheel 18, two arbors 23 rotatively mounted in said carrier-disk, gearwheels 23, and weighted arms 25, fixed on the respective arbors 23 wheels 24:, gearing with the respective wheels 18 and 23, as set forth, and springs adapted to act centripetally on the said weighted arms, substantially as set forth.

Description

7 (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
. "W. A; PITT. VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM 'fiNGINEgf 7 No. 546,056. Patented Sept. 10,- 1896'.
. N 2% 9 l -l LL IIIIIIIIII Illl J LL M w WITNESSES: INVENTOR.
AN DREW EGFAHAM, PHOTO UTHO.WASHINGTOH .D C
(No Mode l.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet"2. W. A. PITT. VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES.
Patented Sept. 10,1895.
INVENTOR: 95% B Q/VQWM w WITNESSES:
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. PHOTO-UTNQWASNINGTON, D I:v
(No Mode1.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
' W. A. PITT.
VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES.
Patented Sept. 10, 1895.;
ZinnnlIIIlJlI IMIn-n- INVENTOR: mam w WITNESSES:
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Attorney.
AN DREW BGRAHAM. FHOT0-UTI10.WASNINGTON llC.
llrsrfrnn dramas PATENT @FFICF...
WILLIAM A. PITT, OF MANHASSET, NEW YORK.
VALVE-GEAR- FOR STEAM-ENGINES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 546,056, dated September 10, 1895..
Application filed May '7, 1895. serial No. 548,407. (No model.)
To aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be itknown that 1, WILLIAM A. Prrr, a citizen of the United States, residing at Manhasset, in the county of Queens and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valve-Gears for Steam- Engines, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to valve gears for steam-engines of the class to which the engine described in my pending application, Serial No. 540,952, belongs. In that form of engine four cylinders arranged in pairs are grouped about the main engine-shaft and the pistons thereof act in successive quadrants of the circle to impart continuous rotation to the shaft. The four valves which control the induction and exhaust ports of the cylinders are actuated by cams on the main shaft.
The object of the present invention is to provide the engine with reversing mechanism and with a governor for automatically regulating the operation of the valves.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 is horizontal section of the engine and gear in the plane of the main shaft. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same as seen from arrow y in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the engine, taken in the axes of the cylinders. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line x m in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a face view of the valves and their operating-cams. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the engine provided with the reversing mechanism only. Fig. 7 is a view of the'valve-gear without the reversing mechanism.
1 represents the body of the engine; 2, the cylinders 3, the pistons therein; 4, the pistonrods, those of each pair of pistons being rigidly connected to a yoke 5, which yokes act on equilateral triangular cams 6 on the main shaft 7. At the back of the engine-body is the valve-chest or steam-chest 8, from which induction-ports 9 lead to the outer ends of the cylinders and exhaust-ports open into a circular passage 10, leading to an exhaust outlet 11, Fig. 5. The steam is admitted to the steam-chest by asupply-pipe 12, arranged in any way desired. The steam induction and eduction ports are controlled by slidevalves 13, actuated by a cam or cams on the main shaft 7.
disk or carrier 19..
So far as above described the construction is the same, or substantially the same, as that described and illustrated in my before-mentioned pending application; but in that. ap-
plication no devices were shown for reversing the engine, and no governor-controlled devices for shifting the cams were shown. These 1 show herein.
The slide-valves 13, Fig. 5, are mounted in guides 14, and those of each pair of oppositely-arranged valves are coupled to a yoke 15 in a manner similar to the pistons of the engine, and in each yoke is an equilateral triangular cam 16. The cams 16 are both fixed to asleeve 17 on the prolongation of the main shaft 7, Fig. 1, and on the outer end of said sleeve, exterior to the valve-chest, is fixed a gear-wheellS. (Seen in Figs. 1 and 4.) The shaft 7 projects out beyond the end of the sleeve 17 and has mounted loosely on it a Beyond said disk and fixed on the shaft 7 is a flanged boss 20, having in its flange a hole to receive a pin 21, the tip of which is adapted to enter one or more holes 22 in the carrier 19. The wheel 18 is in gear with two wheels 23, rotatively mounted in the carrier 19, through two intermediate wheels 24, also rotatively mounted on the carrier. The arbors23", on which the respective wheels 23 are fixed, project out through the carrier, and on the outer ends of said arbors are secured weighted arms 25, which operate in a manner similar to thearms and balls of a governor. On each arbor 23 is a stifi coilspring 26, one end of which is secured to the arm 25 and the other end to a bracket 27 on the carrier19.
The operation of the governor is as follows: The pin 21 fixes the carrier 19 to the main shaft 7, and whe'rT'fhe latter rotates the carrier moves with it. The engagement of the teeth of the wheel 18 on the sleeve of the cams 16 with those of the wheels on the carrier causes the carrier to drive the cams 16; but when the speed of the shaft reaches a velocity at which the centrifugal force, acting on the weighted arms 25, suffices to overcome the tension of the springs 26, the free ends of the arms move out radially, thus rotating the wheels 23 to a moderate extentand through them the wheel 18, so as to shift the cams 16 about the main shaft, and thus modify their action on the valves. The purpose of the intermediate wheels 24: is to cause the carrier to drive the cam-sleeve with the main shaft and avoid the rolling of the Wheels 23 about the wheel 18, which would result from the concentric arrangement if the said wheels 23 geared directly with the central wheel. The purpose in employing two weighted arms and two sets of intermediate gears is merely to balance the construction. One arm and its appurtenances are merely a duplicate of the oth er. By withdrawing the pin 21, turning the carrier 19 half-way around, and then again locking the parts together with the pin the engine will be reversed. In turning the carrier around, as described, the cams 16 will be carried around with it.
Fig. 6 illustrates a construction wherein only the reversing mechanism is employed. In this construction the governor mechanism is omitted, and a disk 19*, corresponding to the disk 19 of the principal views, is secured to the sleeve of the cams 16 and is adapted to be locked to the flanged boss by a pin.
Fig. 7 shows the disk or carrier 19 fixed to the main shaft directly by a set-screw, the mechanism for reversing previously shown being omitted from this view. It would be feasible, however, to reverse with this construction by loosening the set-screw, turning the carrier half-way around on the shaft, and then driving the set-screw tight again. The springs 26 are of course designed to draw in the weighted arms when the speed of the engine slackens. Any suitable adaptation of springs may be employed for this purpose.
It will be noted that the cams'16 are arranged in yokes in the same manner as the cams which are acted on by the pistons, and they will be set in line with the engine-cams on the shaft. Their positions are indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3.
In Fig. 5 the cam-yokes are represented as connected to the respective pairs of valves by rigid rods;
Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. In an engine having cam-operated valves in a steam-chest and controlling the induction and eduction ports of the cylinders, the combination with the main engine-shaft, of the valve-operating cam, mounted rotatively on said shaft within the steam-chest and provided with a sleeve embracing the shaft and projecting therewith. from said chest, and means for detachably connecting said sleeve and shaft exterior to the chest, substantially as set forth.
2. In an engine having cam-operated valves in a steam-chest and controlling the induction and eduction ports of the cylinders, the com bination with the main engine-shaft, of the valve-operating cam, mounted rotatively on said shaft within the steam-chest and provided with a sleeve embracing the shaft and projecting therewith from said chest, a flanged disk 20, fixed on the main shaft exterior to the steam-chest, a disk carried by said sleeve, adjacent to the disk 20, and a pin 21, to engage co-inciding holes in said disks and lock them together in the position set, substantially as set forth.
3. In an engine having cam-operated valves in a steam-chest and controlling the induction and eduction ports of the cylinders, the combination with the main engine-shaft, of the valve-operating cam, mounted rotatively on said shaft within the steam-chest and provided with a sleeve embracing the shaft and projecting therewith from said chest, a carrier-disk, on and fixed to the main shaft exterior to the steam-chest, an arbor 23 mounted rotatively in said carrier-disk, a gear-wheel 23, fixed on the said arbor, a weighted arm 25, also fixed on said arbor, a gear-wheel 18, fixed on the valve-sleeve adjacent to the carrier-disk, an intermediate wheel, 24, in gear with both wheels 18 and 23', and a spring adapted to act centripetally on the said weighted arm, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In an engine having four cylinders arranged about the main shaft, the combination with the steam-chest, the main shaft extending out through the same, the four valves in said chest, said valves controlling the induction and eduction ports of the several cylinders, the cam-yokes coupled to the respective valves, the two equilateral, triangular cams 16, connected together and mounted rotatively on the main shaft, said valves having a sleeve 17, which embraces the shaft and extends out of the steam-chest, a gear-wheel 18, secured to the sleeve 17, exterior to the steam-chest, a carrier-disk 19, secured to the main shaft adjacent to the gear-wheel 18, two arbors 23 rotatively mounted in said carrier-disk, gearwheels 23, and weighted arms 25, fixed on the respective arbors 23 wheels 24:, gearing with the respective wheels 18 and 23, as set forth, and springs adapted to act centripetally on the said weighted arms, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
WILLIAM A. PITT. Witnesses:
PETER A. Ross, has KING DUFFY.
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