US544108A - mtlller - Google Patents

Description

L u e e h s m e e h s 3 E G A RM Em L M0 3 RM A E T S (No Model No. 544,108. Patented Aug. 6, 1895.

' (No Model.) 3Sheets Sheet 2.

R. MULLER. STEAM BOILER, FURNACE.

I No; 544,108. v Patented Aug. 6, 1895.

3 SheetsSheet 3.

A Rm U LP.

M0 B M A E T S..

(No Model.) v

Pate'nbedAug. 6,51895.

. collecting the products of combustion from UNITED STATES P TENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH MULLER, OF OHRISTIANIA, NORWAY.

STEAM-BOILER FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,108, dated August 6, 1895.

Serial No. 537,720- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH MULLER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boiler Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to the art of generating or producing heat; and it has for its object certain improvements in apparatus for generating or producing heat, whereby a substantially complete or smokeless combustion of the fuel is obtained.

My invention has for its further object the provision of means for utilizing the heat radiated from the incandescent fuel, also the provision of means whereby the consumption of the fuel is more readily controlled than is the case in heat-producers of usual construction, and finally the provision of means whereby the durability of the producer is materially increased. I obtain a complete or smokeless combustion by subdividing the fuel required for theproduction of heat, consuming such fuel separately and at different points within a given space, concentrating or the several bodies of fuel and mixing air therewith, in suitable proportions to effect the combustion of substantially the whole of the unconsumed portion of such products of combustion. To this end the producer is constructed with a plurality of primary combustion-chambers and with an auxiliary combustion-chamber common to said primary chambers and so related thereto as that the products of combustion from the primary chambers will be collected or concentrated in the auxiliary combustion-chamber and therein supplied with such additional quantum of air as to effect the combustion of the whole or practically the whole of the unconsumed portions of such 'productsof combustion. Such a construction of producer admits of the use of comparatively short grates, and consequently of the use of water-tube grates, without incurring the liability of speedy destruction under the influence of contraction and expansion and buckling, as is the case inwater-tube grates in which the grate-bars are of considerable length, as in the case of furnacegrates for steam-boilers of considerable capacity, for instance. In the use of a watertube grate or grates I provide a means for taking up a portion of the heat radiatedfrom thefuel, the whole or nearly the whole of the remaining portion of such radiated heat being taken up by the inclosing walls of the several furnaces, for which purpose the said walls are constructed of hollow bodies, provision for a circulation of water therethrough being made, While suitable means are provided for regulating the consumption of the fuel in the several furnaces with facility and nicety, as will now be fully described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which I have illustrated my improved furnace in its application to a bricked-up water-tube steamboiler.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 2 a part front elevation and part cross-section thereof. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary rear View of the furnace water-backs, partly in section; and Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are detail sectional views of water-tube partitions.

In Fig. 1, I have shown the furnace-space as divided into three compartments or chambers, to which access may be had through door d, a grate L being provided for each of said chambers. The vertical partition-walls p from the grate L to the ash-pit floor are of masonry, while that portion of the partitions above said grates are constructed of watertubes H, seatedin suitable recesses formed in the spacing-blocks D of a substantially prismatic form in cross-section, Fig. 4:, and so fitted to the water-tubes as to leave a clear space it between their sides, thereby allowing for contraction and expansion and yet providing a substantially solid wall.

The rear wall of the furnace is composed of two water-backs A and B, the former inclining rearwardly, so as to form a suitable passage between it and the water-back B for the gases and products of combustion from the upper grate. tition-tubes H are connected to vertical water- At their forward ends the par legs E and at their rear end to the water-back 13, Figs. 1, 2,and 3. The water-back A is connected to a front horizontal water-box C by means of tubular grate-bars F, while the water-back B is connected to a like box D by means of water-tubes G, the spaces between which are filled by means of hollow segmental metal pieces V, Figs. 5 and 6,11nited together by means of screws V, Fig. 5, which shows a cross-section through two of the water-tubes G and one end of two of the intervening filling-pieces V, thus forming a practically solid wall that constitutes the roof above the main grates L and divides the vertical chambers horizontally into two independent furnacechambers, the lower one performing the function of a magazine. The water-boxes O and D are connected by water-legs I. The waterbacks A and B are connected by a pipe J, a pipe J connecting the lower portion of the water-back B with the water-back B of the boiler, while a pipe J" connects the upper portion of the water-back A with the steamdome of said boiler.

By the means described a perfect water circulation is maintained throughout all of the furnace-walls, which, as will be readily understood, are composed of hollow bodies, with the exception of that portion of the front wall of the furnace between the main grate L and water-boxes D, which latter, as well as the water box 0, extend along the whole front of the furnace-space, whose opposite vertical end walls are also formed of water-tubes, like the upper portion of the vertical partitions, as shown at H'at the right of Fig. 2.

At the front end of the main grates L is arranged a dump-grate M, which constitutes also a portion of the front wall of the magazine-furnace chamber above grates L, and above said dumping-grate M, I provide a suitable charging-door d having the usual draftslides, a similar door d being provided above the uppergrate F. The water-back B is constructed with an arched recess K for each of the furnace-chambers, said water-back, as well as the water-back A, extending from end to end of the furnace-space. At its opposite rear lower corners the water-back Bis provided with a rearward extension B", connected by a water-tube B, that performs the function of a fire-bridge.

The roof of the upper furnace-chamber above grate F is formed by a metal platef, arranged above the lower row of boiler-tubes t, which take up heat radiated from the fuel on said grate F, whilein rearof the fire-bridge B is an auxiliary dumpin -grate N operated by means of a rod R connected with a radial arm P on one of the grate-journals or the grate-shaft O. The object of this grate N is to catch and retain such unconsumed or imperfectly-consumed fuel as may drop from the upper grate F or from the roofs of the magazine-chambers 2 for consumption.

It is well known that in the construction of water-tube grates it is necessary for the sake of solidity and safety to arrange the grate-bars at a proper distance from each other. This leaves between them a considerable space, so that small fuel will readily drop through into the ash-pit and is lost. In the arrangement shown and described all of this fuel is saved and is either consumed on the roof G or on the grate N. The upper grate F, which extends the full length of the furnace, inclines forwardly. The roof G for thelower independent magazine-furnaces and the grate L therein incline rearwardly. The air necessary to the combustion is supplied through the draftregnlating devices in the doors d d above the grates F and L, and to the latter also from the ash-pit from whence the grate N is also supplied with air, such supply being regulated by a damper S fitting an opening in the rear wall of said ash-pit, and operated by means of rod R, Fig. 1, in a well-known manner. The gases and products of combustion from the grate F and the grates L flow into a common combustion-chamber C, where they commingle with an additional supply of air from grate N and are completely consumed.

The described construction of furnace presents various ad vantages, the more important being the substantially complete combustion of the fuel and the utilization of practically the whole of the heat evolved therefrom, the initial temperature of the gases being higher and the final temperature lower than is the case in ordinary furnaces. The combustion of the fuel can be regulated with great nicety, while neither cold air nor cold fuel can reach the zones of combustion on either grate, such air having to pass through the body of fuel on each grate before reaching the incandescent fuel thereon, and as the charge of fuel above the grate is more or less heated the air passing therethrough is also heated and carries with it those gases which are the product of distillation due to the action of heat on the fuel, so that the latter becomes more or less coked be fore it reaches the zone of combustion. This results also in a very intimate admixture of the air and the aforementioned gases before they become ignited, thereby producing a more intense heat than would be the case if the gases were not thoroughly com mingled with the air.

The subdivision of the grate as described admits of the use of very short grates, which, as above set forth, is of great advantage in watertube grates, while the subdivision of gases and products of combustion and the admixture therewith of an additional supply of air withinacominon combustion-chamberinsures a more perfect combustion, hence an economy in fuel. The stoking of the fire on the grates L is rendered much more easy than is the casein ordinary magazine-furnaces, and as it is often necessary to stimulate combustion for the purpose of developing temporaryhigh temperatures this feature is also of great importance. Finally, the furnace as described need not necessarily be arranged immediately un- IIO der the boiler or chamber or other device to be heated but may be arranged atany suitable point outside thereof and inclosed in brickwork.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a heat producer, a horizontal row of updraft magazine furnaces, a water-back cornmon to all said furnaces and provided with an opening above the grate of each furnace, in combination with an auxiliary down draft furnace of greater depth than and extending the full'length of the horizontal row of furnaces above the same, a depending rearwardly inclined water-back for said upper furnace terminating above the openings in the waterback for the horizontal row of furnaces, and a flue common to all the furnaces and formed in part by the water-back of the aforesaid upper furnace, for the purpose set forth.

2. In a heat producer, a horizontal row of up-draft magazine furnaces, a'rearwardly inclined'roof and a water-back for said furnaces, said water-back provided with an opening above the grate of each of the furnaces, in combination with an auxiliary down draft furnace of greater depth than and extending the full length of said horizontal row of furnaces above the same, said upper furnace having a forwardly inclined grate and a dependin g rearwardly inclined water-back terminating above the openings in the water-back for the lower furnaces, a grate in rear of the said openings and a flue common to all the furnaces and the last named grate, said flue formed in part by the water-back for the upper furnace, for the purpose set forth.

3. In a heat producer, a horizontal row of down draft magazine furnaces having tubular partitions, a like rearwardly inclined roof,

and a water back provided with an opening above the grate of each of said furnaces, an auxiliary down draft furnace of greater depth than and extending the full length of the horizontal row of furnaces above the same, said upper furnace provided with a forwardly inclined tubular grate and with a depending rearwardly inclined water back terminating above the openings in the water back for the horizontal row of furnaces and a grate in rear of said openings, in combination with means for supplying air separately to the several furnaces and to the last named grate, means for circulating water through the tubular elements and the water hacks for the furnaces, and a fine common to all said furnaces, said flue formed in part by the water back forthe upper furnace, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

at. In atubular boiler, the combination with the water tubes, the horizontal row of updraft furnaces, the down draft furnace above the same constructed and arranged substantially as set forth, and a fiue common to all said furnaces and formed in part by the water back for the upper furnace, of the plates f between the lower row of water tubes arranged to form the roof of the upper furnace, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a heat producer the combination with a plurality of primary combustion chambers consisting of a horizontal row of such provided with awater back and a'rearwardly inclined roof, said roof and the side walls of the chambers constructed of hollow bodies, a combustion chamber extending from end to end of the aforesaid row of such, above the same and having a tubular grate and water back, and means for circulating water through the aforesaid hollow bodies grate and Water backs, in combination with an auxiliary combustion chamber common to all the primary chambers arranged below the water back of the upper chamber and in rear of the water back iary combustion chamber adapted to collect fuel dropping from the roof of the horizontal row of combustion chambers, and means for supplying air to said grate at different points, for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination with the water backs A and B, the water boxes 0 and D connected by water legs I, the water legs E the water tubes F connecting water back A with water box 0, and the Water tubes G connecting water back B with water box D, of water tubes I-I connecting the water back B with water legs E and forming vertical partitions below water tubes G, and the grates L at the foot of said partitions, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. A furnace wall constructed of water tubes and spacing pieces, as U, of prismatic form in section, having their angles truncated and concaved to form seats for the tubes and of such dimension as to leave a space a between them when applied to the tubes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination with the grate F, the magazine furnaces 2 and the water back B thereof having rearward extensions 13 connected by a hollow fire bridge, and the water tube grate F above said furnaces 2, of the grate N, and means substantially such as described for admitting air from the ash pit at different points of said grate, for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

RUDOLPH MULLER.

Witnesses:

ALFRED J. BRYN, 'J OH. VAALER.

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