US538646A - Process of manufacturing soft-steel castings - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing soft-steel castings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US538646A US538646A US538646DA US538646A US 538646 A US538646 A US 538646A US 538646D A US538646D A US 538646DA US 538646 A US538646 A US 538646A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- iron
- furnace
- manufacturing soft
- steel castings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
Definitions
- My invention consists in a process which I employ and which I will now fully describe. I take sixty per cent. of No. 1 charcoal pigiron whose chemical analysis shows as near as may be: silica, 3.6000 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.1878 per cent; sulphur, 0.0484 per cent;
- Fig. 3 a front elevation; the whole'drawn on a scale of one-fourth of an inch to the foot.
- This furnace is more particularly described as follows:
- the walls are laid of proper material. Openings through the walls of the furnace as shown by letters D, E, F, and G, are made for the purpose of admitting a poker for stirring the iron when mixing and for removing the slag, the opening at G also being used for filling the iron into the furnace; H,
- a and B as shown in Fig. 1, and at A, A, A, A, A and B, B, as shown in Fig. 2, and A, A, A and B, B, as shown in Fig. 3, are openings in the wall of the furnace through which steam pipes are projected.
- Fig. 3 shows the steam pipe through which at the openings A, A, A and B, B, the steam is injected into the furnace.
- the castings thus packed are placed in an ordinary annealing oven for the purpose of annealing and the castings, after being brought up to it, kept at an even high temperature (white heat but less than melting point) for a period of five days; after which period the oven is gradually cooled for five days when the metal partakes of the nature of soft steel and may be Worked into any desired shape without the necessity of heating it.
- the castings are removed from the annealing pots and by the process of tumbling are cleansed of such of the annealing matter as may adhere to them. They are then ready for welding, which may be done in the usual manner.
- This metal may be welded to metal of its own kind, to steel, or to iron, with equal facility, and at a temperature much lower than that necessary-in thewelding ofqsteel prjrom made by any other known process.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
P. W. HAWKINS. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SOFT STEEL GASTINGS.
No. 538,646. PatentedA'pr. so, 1895.
a Mz-M in: mmms PETERS cu, PNOTO-LlYH -v WASHINGTON, n c.
NIT-ED STATES FFICEQ PA ENT H FREDERICK WV. HAWKINS, OF YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 538,646, dated April 30, 1895.
I Application filed December 21. 1894. Serial No. 582,608. (No specimens.) I
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, FREDERICK W. HAW- KINS, of Ypsilanti, in the county of \Vashtenaw and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Processes of and which is of such character as to permit I the welding thereto of iron or steel at a temper-ature so low that all danger of blistering or burning is obviated. This metal will be especially valuable in the manufacture of tools (being of close, fine grain and the color of crucible steel), it being especially fitted for making the blanks used in the manufacture of axes, hammers, chisels and such other tools as usually have steel welded to an iron blank.
My invention consists in a process which I employ and which I will now fully describe. I take sixty per cent. of No. 1 charcoal pigiron whose chemical analysis shows as near as may be: silica, 3.6000 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.1878 per cent; sulphur, 0.0484 per cent;
' carbon, (graphitic,) 3.4800 per cent; carbon,
(combined,) 0.5840 per cent.; manganese, 0.3900 per cent; iron, 91.7098 per cent; total, one hundred; also forty per cent. of No. 5 charcoal pig-iron whose chemical analysis shows as near as may be: silica, 0.8480 per cent; phosphorus, 0.0198 per cent. sulphur, 0.0370 per cent; graphitic carbon, 4.0850 per cent; combined carbon, 0.4530 per cent; iron, 94.5572 per cent; total, one hundred. These pig-ironsI mingle and melt together in a furnace constructed as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section;
. Fi 2, a cross-section on line X Y, Fig. 1; and
Fig. 3, a front elevation; the whole'drawn on a scale of one-fourth of an inch to the foot.
This furnace is more particularly described as follows: The walls are laid of proper material. Openings through the walls of the furnace as shown by letters D, E, F, and G, are made for the purpose of admitting a poker for stirring the iron when mixing and for removing the slag, the opening at G also being used for filling the iron into the furnace; H,
the opening for filling the furnace with coal;
0, the opening fordrawing off the melted iron, i
and I the furnace blow pipe; all as shown in Fig. 1.
At A A and B, as shown in Fig. 1, and at A, A, A, A, A and B, B, as shown in Fig. 2, and A, A, A and B, B, as shown in Fig. 3, are openings in the wall of the furnace through which steam pipes are projected.
Fig. 3 shows the steam pipe through which at the openings A, A, A and B, B, the steam is injected into the furnace.
As soon as these pig-irons are melted I stir and work the same in a manner to remove the slag and effect a thorough mixing. A high temperature (white heat) is maintained and steam is continuously injected into the furnace at the openings by pipes at A, A, A,
shows a radiation from the center and shows many dark specks, the proper percentage of carbon has been realized and the molten mass is then run into molds and cast in any de sired pattern. The castings surrounded with wrought iron borings wet with a solution of sal-ammoniacin water in a proportion of two ounces of sal-aminoni ac to one gallon of water are then packed into annealing pots. The castings thus packed are placed in an ordinary annealing oven for the purpose of annealing and the castings, after being brought up to it, kept at an even high temperature (white heat but less than melting point) for a period of five days; after which period the oven is gradually cooled for five days when the metal partakes of the nature of soft steel and may be Worked into any desired shape without the necessity of heating it. After cooling the castings are removed from the annealing pots and by the process of tumbling are cleansed of such of the annealing matter as may adhere to them. They are then ready for welding, which may be done in the usual manner.
This metal may be welded to metal of its own kind, to steel, or to iron, with equal facility, and at a temperature much lower than that necessary-in thewelding ofqsteel prjrom made by any other known process.
What I claim, and seek to secure by Letters Patent, is
The process of manufacturing soft iron castings consisting in mixing as soon asmelted sixty per cent. of No. 1 charcoal pig-iron ha ving the chemical analysis as nearasmay be hereinbefore shown with forty per cent. of No. 5 charcoal pig-iron having the chemical analysis as near as may be hereinbefore shown, in a suitable furnace, continuing themixing by stirring in sucha manner'as to, remove the slag and effect a perfect mixing of the two metals, maintainingra high temperature in the metal. so mixed and r continuously injecting steam into the furnaceitill theh proper percentage ofi carbon is realized, running the metal into molds, packing the castings surrounded with wrought iron borings wet with a solution of salammoniac in water into annealing pots, placing them in an ordinary annealing oven, and keeping them after being brought up to it at a white heat (less than the melting point) for a period of about five days, and then allowing them to gradually cool.
In witness whereof I aifix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
FREDERICK W. HAWKINS. \Vitnesses:
ARTHUR W. SPRINGSTEIN, JAMES L. O; K WLES.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US538646A true US538646A (en) | 1895-04-30 |
Family
ID=2607406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US538646D Expired - Lifetime US538646A (en) | Process of manufacturing soft-steel castings |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US538646A (en) |
-
0
- US US538646D patent/US538646A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US538646A (en) | Process of manufacturing soft-steel castings | |
US558947A (en) | Process of and apparatus for manufacturing steel castings | |
US16082A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of iron and steel | |
Becker | High-speed steel: the development, nature, treatment, and use of high-speed steels, together with some suggestions as to the problems involved in their use | |
US132743A (en) | Improvement in melting iron and steel shavings, turnings | |
US674545A (en) | Process or method of melting iron borings or drillings. | |
USRE7862E (en) | Improvement in metallurgical processes and furnaces | |
US121889A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of steel in crucibles | |
US205980A (en) | Improvement in manufacture of iron and steel | |
USRE14457E (en) | Manufacture of wrought-iron | |
US613820A (en) | Toussaint leyoz | |
US101963A (en) | Improvement in converting cast-iron into steel | |
US102960A (en) | Improvement in reworking bessemer steel | |
US93155A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of iron and steel | |
US1501202A (en) | Steel and process for producing same | |
US89441A (en) | Charles william siemens | |
US189273A (en) | Improvement in processes of converting cast-iron into cast-steel | |
US168263A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of iron | |
US86795A (en) | Improvement in cupola and other melting and smelting-fuhnaces | |
US675329A (en) | Process of manufacturing steel. | |
US1820179A (en) | Method of preparing or remelting wrought iron slag | |
US94996A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of iron and steel | |
US675120A (en) | Method of manufacturing wrought-iron. | |
US97017A (en) | Improved process of manufacturing steel | |
US170507A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of chrome-steel |