US532809A - Thomas davies nicholls - Google Patents
Thomas davies nicholls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US532809A US532809A US532809DA US532809A US 532809 A US532809 A US 532809A US 532809D A US532809D A US 532809DA US 532809 A US532809 A US 532809A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- matte
- nicholls
- furnace
- refinery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 58
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 206010000496 Acne Diseases 0.000 description 6
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000722270 Regulus Species 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001115 mace Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003491 tear gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101700054994 zur Proteins 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
Definitions
- THoMAs DAVIES NICH- OLLS residing at Gl'an-Mor Villas,Skewen,. near Neath, and CHRISTOPHER JAMES, of Ida Villa, Swansea, in the county of Glamorgan,
- the invention has been patented in Great to England, No. 18,898, dated November 21', 1890; in France, No. 214,025, dated September 30, 1891; in Italy, XXV, 29,950, LVIIL450, dated July 14, 1891; in Spain, No. 12,214, dated July 9, 1891; in Newfoundland August 10, 1891, 15 and in the Colony of the Cape of Good. Hope,
- This invention relates to an improved
- a portion of our matte or regulus we calcine in reverberatory calciners or revolving cylinder calciners or any calciner at present in or- .dinary use.
- the calcination of this portion of matte is so conducted until itis dead and mixed with such a portion of raw matte as will suffice (when melted together) to render all the copper in both portions as metallic copper of a pitch similar to the blister copper from the ordinary roaster. Both 5 portions, so mixed, form the refinery charge.
- Copper matte of the preferred pitch consists essentially of copper sulphide (011 8). This when calcined perfectly would be changed to copper oxide (0110) of equal weight with the copper sulphide operated on. This copper oxide (G110) upon being melted with its own weight of raw copper matte (Ou S) produces metallic Cu from both portions with the evolution of nearly all the sulphur and oxygen as sulphur gas, as expressed by the well known formula:
- the non volatile impurities (iron, nickel, &c.) are got rid of, to at least as great an extent as by the roasting process, by a judicious mixing of the proportions of calcined and raw products, so as to obtain a slag of melted oxide, in more or less quantity upon the liquid bath of metallic copper in the hearth of the furnace.
- Such non volatile impurities are naturally collected in this slag, and are skimmed off with it, a suitable flux (such as sand, lime, niter, 850.) being added to the refinery charge when very impure matte is operated on.
- matte of seventysix to seventy-eight per cent. of copper is preferred, correspondingly good results are obtained from poorer mattes.
- the herein described method of producing refined copper from copper matte consisting in crushing the matte, calcining a proportion of the crushed matte, mixing therewith a suitable portion of uncalcined matte, charging said mixture directly into a refinery furnace and melting the same and finally refining the product in the same furnace on the hearth thereof whereby the material is thus reduced to refined copper by a continuous process in the same furnace, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
:Nrrn STATES PATENT m res,
THOMAS DAVIES NICHOLLS, O-F SKEWEN, NEAR, NEATH, AND CHRISTOPHER JAMES, OF SWANSEA, ENGLAND.
METHOD, OF RE F'INJNG. COPPER.
SPECIFICATION forming part-f: Letters: Patent No. 532,809, dated January 22,1895.
Application filed June 18,1891- Serial No. 396,715. (No-specimens.) Patented in England November 21, 1890 No. 18,898 1 in Spain July- 9, 1891, ITO-121214;; inItaly July 14, 1891, XXV, 29.950, LVIII, 450,- in Newfoundland August 10.18.91 in France September 30, 18-91, No- 2'1'45025, and in UapeofG'ood HopeFebruaryZd, 13-92, No 74L To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that we, THoMAs DAVIES NICH- OLLS, residing at Gl'an-Mor Villas,Skewen,. near Neath, and CHRISTOPHER JAMES, of Ida Villa, Swansea, in the county of Glamorgan,
England, have invented an Improved Method of Refining Copper, of which the following is a specification.
The invention has been patented in Great to Britain, No. 18,898, dated November 21', 1890; in France, No. 214,025, dated September 30, 1891; in Italy, XXV, 29,950, LVIIL450, dated July 14, 1891; in Spain, No. 12,214, dated July 9, 1891; in Newfoundland August 10, 1891, 15 and in the Colony of the Cape of Good. Hope,
No. 741, dated February 27, 1892;
This invention. relates to an improved;
method of producing refined copper from copper matte, regulus or precipitate and the operations entailed therein are conducted as follows; In the ordinary methods now in use copper matte or regulus, consisting principally of copper and sulphur, is piled, in as: large pieces as practicable, in a roaster fur- 2 5 mace, and slowly sweated down while exposed to a current ofair let in through-the-side door of the fnrnace,-through air holes or plugs, orthrough passages arranged through the fire by the workman; thus burning off the o sulphur nearly, and leaving the copper, after' melting and skimming to be tapped out as pimple or blister copper. This operation takes seldom less, than twenty fourhours for the production of three tons of pimple 5 or blister copper from matte-of seventyfive or seventy-six per cent. while a large amount of copper passes into the roaster slags, which have to be resmelted. The blister or pimple copper, thus made, is then filled 0 as pigs into a refinery furnace and again sweated down under an oxidizing flame,
skimmed, refined and brought to the required pitch, and finally laded into cakes, ingots, au-
odes, &c.
In the new method proposed herein, we avoid the expensive and wasteful two operations of roasting and melting, first in a roaster and again in a refinery furnace by substituting. a cal'cinati'on of'alportion only of the matte, then mixing this calcined portion with a suitable portion of raw (uncalcined) matte. Thisimixtu-re isthen charged d-i'rectl'yinto a refinery furnace, and melted atonc'e into impure metallic copper or blister icopper containing about. ninety-seven and one-half percent. of copper with sulphu rand traces of other metallic impurities which is brittle and unmalleable. It is then refined in the usual way in the hearthof' the same refinery furnace in which the calcined and raw 6o matte (of say seventy-six tose-ven ty-eigh't per cent. of copper) has been sine'l'ted. This usual way of refiningis. by oxidation of the liquid. metal in the hearth: while it is being. 'fiap'ped orstirred by snita-ble'hand hoes or flaps until all the sulphurandanytraces-of' 1 iron, nickel,.arsenic, and antimony have been i oxidized and removed"v as slag, volatile bodies being vol'atilized and any excess of oxidation lis then removed by po-ling with timber 7o 2 poles. The metal is thus reduced to refined icopper of 99.6- or one hundred per cent. of jicopper by the" continuous process in the'one furnace and is malleable and of great tenacity, lit for the market, and. is, then formed as required into cakes, ingots, anodes, &c.
We: find in practicethat the best, and most @econom-ical matte forour process is one of iaboutseventy-six to seventy-eight per cent. @of'copper, matte of this pitch containing but llittle iron, and so making very little slag in itherefinery furnace; The whole of this matte is crushed through athree-eigh-ths inch screen (or smaller it convenient though when rich matte is treated fine dust is wasteful).
A portion of our matte or regulus we calcine in reverberatory calciners or revolving cylinder calciners or any calciner at present in or- .dinary use. The calcination of this portion of matte is so conducted until itis dead and mixed with such a portion of raw matte as will suffice (when melted together) to render all the copper in both portions as metallic copper of a pitch similar to the blister copper from the ordinary roaster. Both 5 portions, so mixed, form the refinery charge.
The reactions which insure the success of this method of working may be described as follows: Copper matte of the preferred pitch consists essentially of copper sulphide (011 8). This when calcined perfectly would be changed to copper oxide (0110) of equal weight with the copper sulphide operated on. This copper oxide (G110) upon being melted with its own weight of raw copper matte (Ou S) produces metallic Cu from both portions with the evolution of nearly all the sulphur and oxygen as sulphur gas, as expressed by the well known formula:
In practice we find that to perfectly calcine the portion of matte so treated is tedious and expensive, the calcination of the copper sulphide to red oxide of copper (Ou O) being comparatively easy while the further calcination of this red oxide to black oxide (CuO) requires so much longer time and greater heat, that although the black oxide will carry its own weight of raw matte in the refinery charge, it is cheaper to only so far calcine our matte that upon trial it is found that about two parts of calcined matte and one part of raw matte will, upon melting render all the copper as blister copper with very little slag.
We claim, that by treating only about two thirds of our matte in a calciner, and then melting the total quantity in a refineryfurnace with the immediate production of metallic copper, which is at once refined in the hearth of the same furnace in which the mixed calcined and raw matte has been smelted without remelting, good copper is produced at far less direct cost than by the ordinary roasting and refining processes; that more copper is obtained in a salable form and far less slags produced than by the roasting, melting and skimming, first in a roaster, and again in a refinery furnace with the production of heavy slags in each operation.
In our method of working, we find that all volatile impurities (arsenic, antimony, bismuth, &c.) are more freely got rid of than in the roasting process, partly in the thorough calcination of the calcined portion, and again during the evolution of the large volume of sulphur gas, given off on melting the mixed charge in the refinery, aided by the intense chemical heat developed by there action set up by the combining of the melting oxide and suphide.
The non volatile impurities (iron, nickel, &c.) are got rid of, to at least as great an extent as by the roasting process, by a judicious mixing of the proportions of calcined and raw products, so as to obtain a slag of melted oxide, in more or less quantity upon the liquid bath of metallic copper in the hearth of the furnace. Such non volatile impurities are naturally collected in this slag, and are skimmed off with it, a suitable flux (such as sand, lime, niter, 850.) being added to the refinery charge when very impure matte is operated on. Although matte of seventysix to seventy-eight per cent. of copper is preferred, correspondingly good results are obtained from poorer mattes.
The actual cost of practically working this method has been found to be less than half the cost of the ordinary method, as carried out in well conducted works using the old method.
Although we use by preference matte of seventy-six to seventy-eight per cent. of copper and a calcined portion of the same or other matte, our invention applies with correspondingly good results to all matte of from forty-five to eighty per cent of copper.
Having fully described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The herein described method of producing refined copper from copper matte, consisting in crushing the matte, calcining a proportion of the crushed matte, mixing therewith a suitable portion of uncalcined matte, charging said mixture directly into a refinery furnace and melting the same and finally refining the product in the same furnace on the hearth thereof whereby the material is thus reduced to refined copper by a continuous process in the same furnace, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
THOMAS DAVIES NICHOLLS. CHRISTOPHER JAMES. Witnesses:
EDWIN GEORGE PROMEROF, DAVID RICHARD BOWLER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US532809A true US532809A (en) | 1895-01-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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US532809D Expired - Lifetime US532809A (en) | Thomas davies nicholls |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4416690A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1983-11-22 | Kennecott Corporation | Solid matte-oxygen converting process |
-
0
- US US532809D patent/US532809A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4416690A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1983-11-22 | Kennecott Corporation | Solid matte-oxygen converting process |
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