US529795A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

No.l 529,795.

N. JOHNSON.

FURNAGE.

' 4 sheets-sheen 1.

Patented NGV. 27, 1894.

Ll jE I l I ne Nonms mires co. mmuuTHo,.wAsuINn1ou n c mara/f7 (No Model.) f 4'Sheets-Sheet 2.` N. J OHNSON. FUBfNAGE.

No. 529,795. Patented Nov. 27, 1894.

Mwoac-a {g1/wanton @Hoz-*new We@ fue Nqnms PETERS co. moraumo., WASHINGTON, D. c,

N. JOHNSON.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

FU'RNAGN.

No. 529,795. Patented N0v..27, 1894.

i auen/Cda 4Sheets'fSheet 4. N. JOHNSON. 'FURNAOR (No Model.)

Patented Nov. 2'7,O 1894.

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l T l I I I l l I I I l l l l T IIIIIIII l -Il llnnunullh 1111 l l wit/woon UNITED' STATE-S- ANILS JOHNSON, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

vQIATENT OFFICE.

FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,795, dated November 27, 1 894. Application filed August 22,1893. Serial No. 483,774. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it knownA that I, NILS JOHNSON, of St. Louis, Missouri, have made a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. The improvement relates to furnaces in which means are employed for abating the smoke and for .more thoroughly consuming the fuel. .While not exclusively adapted thereto, the improvement can be used advantageously in a steam boiler furnace, and it isr in connection with such a construction that it is here illustrated.

It consists mainly in maintaining a curtain, so to speak, of air crosswise in the furnace and extending fromjthe top of the furnace downward to meet the furnace tire at a point forward of the rear end thereof, and so as to cross the course of the escaping, more orV less, unconsumed portion of the fuel, and, by providing an ample supply/of oxygen, enabling `the more complete, if not thorough, consumption of the fuel.

To enable the improvement to be further carried out the air is caused to effectively cooperate with the incandescent portion of the furnace fire. The air is also so introduced as to be well mixedwith the unconsurned gaseous fuel. p y Y The annexed drawings, making part of this specification, exhibit the most desirable mode of carrying out the improvement.v

Figure 1 is a vertical cross section, on the line 1--1 of Fig. 3, ofa steam boiler furnace constructed vaccording to the principle of the improvement, a battery of two boilers being shown, and the view looking toward the front end of the furnace; Fig. l2, a horizontal section, looking upward, on the line 2-2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3, a central,longitudinal section of the construction shown in Fig. 1; Fig. '4, a top view of the plate used at each side of the furnace to support the 'air-pipes; Fig. 5, a vertical section on the line 5--5 of Fig. 4; Figs. 6` and 7, respectively a cross section and a side view of the lower end of the airpipes at one Side of the furnace; Figs. 8 and 9, respectively a plan and side elevation of the grate that is preferably used to support that portion of the furnace iire whichis directly beneath the descending air current; Fig. 10, a view analogous to that of Fig. 1 but showing the imthose of Figs. 13 and 14 but showing the ar-v rangement for the single boiler construction.

The same letters of reference denote the same parts.

Fig. 1 represents an application of the improvement to a battery of two ordinary steam boilers A and A'. The setting, B, the furnace or fire place C, the ash pit D, the bridge wall E, the escape iiue F, and other parts of the construction, are ofthe usual form saving as modified or supplemented bythe improvement under consideration. furnace is also of the usual nature saving as it is assistedor modified by the use of the improvement. G G G2'represent passages through which .the air is introduced into the furnace. They extend across the furnace above the fuel H. They receive air` at their ends and are perforated at various points g, g, to provide outlets for the air to pass from the passages into the furnace. These passages may be composed of any suitable material, and be of any suitable form, and be supported in any suitable manner, and one, two, or more of them may be used, and (when more than one passage is used) they may be arranged closely alongside of each other, or be spaced more or less apart from each other, and they may be arranged at diierent levels, so long as they serve', either singly or uni'tedly, to deliver air inthe manner described downward to or toward thev burning fuel beneath. I prefer the arrangement shown. That is, ordinary steampipes, properly protected from the.fire,are used, and, for a furnace adapted for a battery of two boilers as in Fig. 1, a combination of three pipes is employed, and they are' arranged above the rear portion of the furnace, and closely alongside of' each other, and their outlets g are out of line with-each other substantially as shown in Fig. 2, and the pipes aresustained by extending their ends, g', g', downward to rest upon a plate I, Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 13, which in turn is upheld by the crossbar J employed to support the ordinary grate bars K. The pipe ends are enlarged, the end being threaded to receive a nut g2, and the plate I is perforated at t' to admit the air and recessed at i' to receive the enlarged end of the pipe, substantially as shown. The pipes are pretected from the tire by means of tiles L of refractory material. The tiles are strung on the pipes, and are preferably tongued and grooved substantially as shown at Z, Z', to interlock with each other, substantially as shown, and they are perforated at 712 opposite the outlets in the pipe to provide for the delivery of the air through the tile into the furnace.

It is important that the escape from the furnace be entirely between the described air passage or passages and the fire beneath. To this end a suitable partition or wall, M, is constructed above the air passages to prevent escape in that direction from the furnace. The Wall at its lower end joins, and is preferably adapted to rest upon the tiles L, and it extends thence upward to meet the covering N, substantially as shown. rlhe stirrups m, and suspension rod, m', may be used as shown to aid in sustaining the wall and pipes. The pipes and their inclosing tiles also serve as a diaphragm to deflect the course of the escaping gases downward toward the fire II. The air, in the present instance, enters the passages, G, rbc., from the ash-pit. It may, however, be otherwise supplied to the passages. By reason of the natural draft of the furnace the air is drawn into the passages G, dsc., and thence into the furnace; but, as the air when influenced solely bythe draft referred to tends to escape too readily into or toward the flue F, I employ auxiliary means which co-operate to direct the air more immediately into contact with the fire, and accordingly steam currents are used, and preferably in the following manner:

O represents a steam pipe taking steam from any suitable source and conducting it to the nozzles o, o', which are arranged, respectively, beneath the inlets fto the air passages G, dsc., and byturning on the steam the air is forced more vigorously into and through the air-passages and delivered more directly into the vicinity of the fire. A certain amount of steam is also carried to the fire and the heat of the furnace is thereby increased. The steam-delivery may be controlled by valves o2 arranged at any desirable point in the steampipe. I have ascertained that a small amount of steam sufces. The air-delivery is also controllable, and for this purpose I prefer to employ a damper P which serves to open or close an air-chamber p formed, substantially as shown, beneath the inlets to the air-passages and containing the nozzles 0, o. The damper is hinged at p' and supported by an arm p2. The operation of the damper is indicated by its positions shown respectively in the full and broken lines in Fig. 3. suitable amountof air is also, and by the customary means (not shown) admitted to the furnace through the doorways c. The airpassages are arranged in front of the bridge Wall, substantially as shown, and the frontface e of the bridge wall is preferably inclined as shown. This provides an additional space c for the more incandescent fuel, and in tiri-ng the furnace the green fuel is not placed beyond the described air-curtain. Beneath and beyond the air curtain the fuel is incandescent. To promote the incandescence of the fuel the air-supply from beneath the fire is preferably diminished more immediately beneath the plane in which the air is delivered downward from the air passages G, &c. For this purpose such a construction as the grate K', Figs. 1, 3, 8, and 9, is used, and the ordinary grate-bars, K, are stopped off in front of the point referred to, substantially as shown. The nozzles o, 0', and the inner end of the steam' pipe O, are preferably supported by a stirrup, o5, that is suspended from the plate I. In the present illustration the middle passage G is not provided With any nozzle, as the air currents introduced through the passages G, G2, operate to draw the air entering through the passage G', more or less downward with them.

In Figs. 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16 an adaptation of the improvement to a single boiler construction is shown. It is substantially similar to that employed for a double boiler construe tion. In the present illustration, however, a single, widened air passage, G3, is used in the place of aseries of air passages as previously described, and the air outlets Z2, from the passage g3 are arranged in a zigzag fashion substantially as shown in Fig. 16 in order to obtain the same effect that is obtained by the arrangement of air outlets in Fig. 14, that is to enable the air to be delivered from the air passages in the form of jets which are placed closely alongside of each other and which preferably lap upon each other.

The construction shown in Figs. 11, 12, 15 and 16 can be used-in all cases if desired. The plate I', Figs. 12,15, and 1G, is adapted to support the widened pipe G3, and it is suitably perforated at t5 and recessed at i, to admit the air and to support the pipe. In all instances it is desirable to divide the air passages midway in their length, as by means of a partition glo, as thereby the air is delivered more satisfactorily in the furnace, and one side or portion of the furnace can be supplied with a stronger air-current than the other. The form of pipe which constitutes the air IOO passage G3 may be a casting, and it may be fully closed tothe passage of the product of combustion; but there may be small openings in the wall withoutmaterially interfering with the operation of the improvement. The steam being directed downward to the Y incandescent fuel is decomposed and a more favorable combustion of the fuel is thereby I auxiliary air must be projected forcibly downward from the rear upper part of the furnace or fire place, and to cross the course of ythe fire place gaseous current and meet the incandescent -fnel at a point forward of the bridge wall. forward upper part of the fire place it does not retard or even materially influence the course that the fire place gaseous current naturally takes in passing to the escape. In fact it more or less facilitates the escape; and if the air is delivered downward from the rear upper part of the lire place to meet thebridge wall it does not encounter the incandescent portion of the fire, nor does it substantially retard the escape of the lire place current, and it will not at all retard it if the downward air current is neutralized by an opposing upward air current. Furthermore, unless the air is projected with sufcient force to overpower the influence of the natural draft of the fire-place and carry the air downward to meet the incandescent fuel the ef icient abatement of the smoke will not be accomplished.

I claim- 1. The hereinbefore described method of effecting an increased consumption of fuel and the prevention of smoke in furnaces, the

If the air is delivered from the same consisting in obstructing and breaking up the outgoing current of unconsumed products of Ycombustion by projecting a transverse sheet or curtain of air downwardly upon the fuel from the rear upper part of the firebox at a point in front of the bridge-wall.

2. In a furnace, the combination of the firebox, the bridge-wall in rear thereof, an air passage or passages extending across the upper rear part of the fire-box in front of the vertical plane of the bridge-Wall, and jet orifices leading from said passage into the fireb'ox at a p'oint above the bed of the fuel; substantially as described.

3. In a furnace, the combination of the firebox, the bridge-wall in rear thereof,`an air passage or passages extending up the sides and across thetop of therear part of the iirebox in front of the vertical plane of the bridge-Wall, and j et orifices leading from said passage into the fire-box at a point above the bed of the fuel; substantially as described.

4. The combination, in a furnace, of an air passage extending crosswise in the furnace 'forward of the bridge-wall and receiving and delivering air as described, with means for diminishing the air supply from beneath the furnace in the vertical plane of said air-passage; substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a furnace, of the pipes and the tiles, said pipes having said tiles strung thereon and arranged to form an arch 'over the/ire-box having a passage through which air and steam are delivered downward into the furnace; substantially as described.

Witness my hand this 19th day of August,

N ILS JOHNSON. Witnesses:

C. D.y MOODY, A. BONVILLE.

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