US5294407A - Gas purifier having pressure responsive switch as end of life detector - Google Patents

Gas purifier having pressure responsive switch as end of life detector Download PDF

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Publication number
US5294407A
US5294407A US07/770,328 US77032891A US5294407A US 5294407 A US5294407 A US 5294407A US 77032891 A US77032891 A US 77032891A US 5294407 A US5294407 A US 5294407A
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impurity
gas
housing
switch
sorbing material
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/770,328
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Marco Succi
Carolina Solcia
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SAES Getters SpA
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Assigned to S.A.E.S. GETTERS S.P.A. reassignment S.A.E.S. GETTERS S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SOLCIA, CAROLINA, SUCCI, MARCO
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B01D46/46—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration automatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
    • B01D2253/1122—Metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/18—Noble gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40084—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by exchanging used adsorbents with fresh adsorbents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/34—Indicator and controllers

Definitions

  • Gas purifiers for removing impurities from impure gas are well known. These known purifiers typically have a housing in fluid communication with an inlet and an outlet. As impurity-sorbing material is located within the housing.
  • Another object is to provide a gas purifier with an end of life detector that is inexpensive to manufacture, easy to install, reliable to operate, and easy to replace.
  • FIG. 1 is a skematic representation of a gas purifier of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a switch useful in the gas purifier of FIG. 1 , wherein the switch is in the open position;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the switch of FIG. 2 in the closed position.
  • a gas purifier for impure gas having:
  • F. means outside the housing to determine the position of the switch.
  • the gas purifier 10 comprises a gas-tight, electrically conductive housing 12.
  • An impurity sorbing material 14 is packed within the housing.
  • the impurity-sorbing material 14 completely fills the housing 10 leaving only passages for the impure gas.
  • the impurity-sorbing material 14 has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas. This reaction causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material 14.
  • the purifier 10 also has an impure gas inlet 16 for feeding impure gas to the housing 12 as well as a pure gas outlet 18 for removing purified gas from the housing 12.
  • the purifier 10 is equipped with a pressure responsive electrical switch 20. When the switch 20 is closed in response to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material 14 a light 22 lights and a horn 24 blows both indicating the end of life of the impurity-sorbing material 14.
  • the switch 20 is in series with the conductor 26, the conductor 28, the light 22, and the power source 30.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged partially cut-away view of switch 20 comprising a casing 34, deformable in response to expansion of impurity sorbing material 14, and distanced away from a rod 32 which is connected to conductor 28.
  • the circuit is open and the light 22 is out because the rod 32 does not contact the casing 34.
  • the impurity-sorbing material in the form of the pill 36 has expanded causing the casing 34 to contact the rod 32, completing the circuit, lighting the light 22 and blowing the horn 24.
  • the switch 20 comprises one contact in the form of a rod 22 surrounded by another contact in the form of a crushable casing 34 wherein the switch 20 is closed in response to the expansion of the impurity-sorbing material which crushes the crushable casing 34 causing the crushable casing to contact the rod 22 thereby closing the switch 20.
  • the switch closes to indicate end of life. It is within the skill of the art to modify the structure herein so that instead of closing the switch opens.
  • either the light 22 or the horn 24 can be replaced by other end of life indicia.
  • gas-sorbing materials can be used in the gas purifier of the present invention as long as they undergo volumetric expansion as they sorb impurities.
  • suitable materials include among others alloys of zirconium, and of titanium.
  • suitable alloys include alloys of Zr, V, and Fe; and Zr 2 Fe.
  • impure gas can be purified as long as the impurity sorbing material sorbs the impurities in the gas.
  • impure gases include impure noble gases such as impure argon and impure neon. Impure nitrogen can also be purified.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A gas purifier for impure gas having an end of life detector. The purifier has:
A. a housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing. The impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas. This reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an impure gas inlet; and
D. a pure gas outlet; and
E. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing. The position of the switch is responsive to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
F. An indicator outside the housing to indicate the position of the switch.

Description

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
Gas purifiers for removing impurities from impure gas are well known. These known purifiers typically have a housing in fluid communication with an inlet and an outlet. As impurity-sorbing material is located within the housing.
Considerable difficulty has been encountered in attempting to determine when this impurity-sorbing material has come to the end of its life. In general the impurity-sorbing material has come to the end of its life when it no longer sorbs the impurities in the impure gas. However it is difficult and expensive to determine the end of life of the impurity sorbing material by measuring the impurities in the outlet gas. For this reason recent Attempts to determine the end of life of the impurity-sorbing material have been centered around the impurity-sorbing material itself. Some prior end of life sensors have been placed in the gas stream; but placing the sensor there can cause contamination of the gas. Other prior end of life sensors ave experienced a wide variety of other problems.
BRIEF OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide an end of life sensor substantially free of one or more of the disadvantages possessed by prior end of life detectors.
Another object is to provide a gas purifier with an end of life detector that is inexpensive to manufacture, easy to install, reliable to operate, and easy to replace.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following detailed description and drawings wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a skematic representation of a gas purifier of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a switch useful in the gas purifier of FIG. 1 , wherein the switch is in the open position; and
FIG. 3 is a view of the switch of FIG. 2 in the closed position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The above and other objects are accomplished according to the present invention by providing a gas purifier for impure gas having:
A. a housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing wherein the impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas wherein the reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an impure gas inlet; and
D. an impure gas outlet; and
E. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing, wherein the position of said switch is responsive to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
F. means outside the housing to determine the position of the switch.
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1 there is shown a gas purifier 10 of the present invention having an end of life detector. The gas purifier 10 comprises a gas-tight, electrically conductive housing 12. An impurity sorbing material 14 is packed within the housing. The impurity-sorbing material 14 completely fills the housing 10 leaving only passages for the impure gas. The impurity-sorbing material 14 has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas. This reaction causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material 14.
The purifier 10 also has an impure gas inlet 16 for feeding impure gas to the housing 12 as well as a pure gas outlet 18 for removing purified gas from the housing 12. The purifier 10 is equipped with a pressure responsive electrical switch 20. When the switch 20 is closed in response to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material 14 a light 22 lights and a horn 24 blows both indicating the end of life of the impurity-sorbing material 14.
The switch 20 is in series with the conductor 26, the conductor 28, the light 22, and the power source 30.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged partially cut-away view of switch 20 comprising a casing 34, deformable in response to expansion of impurity sorbing material 14, and distanced away from a rod 32 which is connected to conductor 28.
As shown in FIG. 2 the circuit is open and the light 22 is out because the rod 32 does not contact the casing 34.
As shown in FIG. 3 the impurity-sorbing material in the form of the pill 36 has expanded causing the casing 34 to contact the rod 32, completing the circuit, lighting the light 22 and blowing the horn 24.
In fact the switch 20 comprises one contact in the form of a rod 22 surrounded by another contact in the form of a crushable casing 34 wherein the switch 20 is closed in response to the expansion of the impurity-sorbing material which crushes the crushable casing 34 causing the crushable casing to contact the rod 22 thereby closing the switch 20.
In the embodiment shown the switch closes to indicate end of life. It is within the skill of the art to modify the structure herein so that instead of closing the switch opens.
Of course either the light 22 or the horn 24 can be replaced by other end of life indicia.
A wide variety of gas-sorbing materials can be used in the gas purifier of the present invention as long as they undergo volumetric expansion as they sorb impurities. Examples of suitable materials include among others alloys of zirconium, and of titanium. Examples of specific suitable alloys include alloys of Zr, V, and Fe; and Zr2 Fe.
Any impure gas can be purified as long as the impurity sorbing material sorbs the impurities in the gas. Examples of impure gases include impure noble gases such as impure argon and impure neon. Impure nitrogen can also be purified.
Although the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment it will be understood that variations can be effected in the invention as described above and as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (11)

What is claimed is:
1. A gas purifier for impurity-containing gas having an end of life detector, said gas purifier comprising:
A. a housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing wherein said impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in an impurity-containing gas wherein the reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an impurity-containing gas inlet; and
D. a purified gas outlet; and
E. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing, wherein the position of said switch is responsive to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
F. means outside the housing to determine the position of the switch.
2. The gas purifier of claim 1 wherein the housing is cylindrical.
3. The gas purifier of claim 1 wherein the gas-sorbing material is Zr2 Fe.
4. The gas purifier of claim 1 including means for closing said switch in response to the expansion of the impurity-sorbing material.
5. The gas purifier of claim 1 including means for opening said switch in response to the expansion of the impurity-sorbing material.
6. The gas purifier of claim 1 wherein the means to determine the position of the switch is a visible means.
7. The gas purifier of claim 1 wherein the means to determine the position of the switch is a light.
8. The gas purifier of claim 1 wherein the means to determine the position of the switch is an audible means.
9. A gas purifier for impurity-containing gas having an end of life detector, said purifier comprising:
A. A gas-tight electrically-conductive housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing and completely filing the housing leading only passages for the impurity-containing gas wherein said impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in the impurity-containing gas wherein the reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an impurity-contains gas inlet for feeding impure gas to the housing: and
D. a purified gas outlet for removing purified gas from the housing; and
E. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing, wherein the switch is closed in response to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
F. a light which lights when the switch is closed thus indicating the end of life of the impurity-sorbing material.
10. A gas purifier for impure gas having an end of life detector, said purifier comprising:
A. A gas-tight electrically-conductive housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing and completely filing the housing leaving only passages for an impure gas wherein said impurity-sorbing material has the property of reacting with impurities in the impure gas wherein the reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an unpure gas inlet for feeding impure gas to the housing; and
D. a pure gas outlet for removing purified gas from the housing; and
E. a pressure responsive electrical switch within the housing wherein the switch comprises one contact in the form of a rod surrounded by another contact in the form of a crushable casing, wherein the switch is closed in response to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material which crushes the crushable casing causing the crushable casing to contact the rod thereby closing the switch; and
F. A light which lights when the switch is closed thus indicating the end of life of the impurity-sorbing material
11. A gas purifier for impurity-containing gas having an end of life detector, said gas purifier comprising:
A. a housing; and
B. an impurity-sorbing material packed within the housing reacting with impurities in an impurity-containing gas wherein the reacting causes expansion of the impurity-sorbing material; and
C. an impurity-containing gas inlet; and
D. a purified gas outlet; and
E. a pressure-responsive electrical switch within the housing;
wherein the switch comprises one contact surrounded by another contact which is a crushable casing;
wherein the switch is closed in response to expansion of the impurity-sorbing material which crushes the crushable casing causing the crushable casing to contact the rod thereby closing the switch; and
F. means outside the housing to determine the position of the switch.
US07/770,328 1990-11-23 1991-10-03 Gas purifier having pressure responsive switch as end of life detector Expired - Fee Related US5294407A (en)

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IT02216690A IT1244156B (en) 1990-11-23 1990-11-23 GAS PURIFIER WITH A PRESSURE SENSITIVE SWITCH TO DETERMINE ITS END OF LIFE.
IT22166A/90 1990-11-23

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5556603A (en) * 1992-01-24 1996-09-17 Saes Getters S.P.A. Process for the purification of hydrogen and a purifier therefor
US5560180A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-10-01 Sandar Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for tying bundles with a paper pulp strap
US5630855A (en) * 1992-10-16 1997-05-20 Humanteknik Ab Moisture-collecting device
US5685895A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-11-11 Nikon Corporation Air cleaning apparatus used for an exposure apparatus
US5772732A (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-30 James; Terry Lynn Air handler filter monitoring apparatus and method
US6162281A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-12-19 Drager Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Device and process for displaying the exhaustion of a gas filter
US6416012B1 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-07-09 M.A. Industries, Inc. Apparatuses and methods for cutting and spooling paper
US6436352B1 (en) 1993-04-29 2002-08-20 Saes Getter, S.P.A. Hydrogen purification
US6478849B1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-11-12 Dresser, Inc. Vapor recovery system for fuel storage tank
US6537347B2 (en) * 2001-01-26 2003-03-25 Omron Corporation Method for deciding on the timing of replacing a chemical filter, filter life detection sensor, chemical filter unit, and semiconductor manufacturing apparatus
US6610121B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-08-26 Hp Intellectual Corp. Odor removal system
US20030213173A1 (en) * 1993-06-29 2003-11-20 Weder Donald E. Sheets of material having a first printed pattern on an upper surface thereof and a second printed pattern on a lower surface thereof
US6660060B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-12-09 Hp Intellectual Corp. Air filtering system
US20040194595A1 (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-10-07 Wilmoth Bryan Nathan Systems, apparatuses and methods for cutting and spooling paper
US20040254739A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2004-12-16 Praxair, Inc. Life prediction for gas purifiers
US20050092180A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Fornof William P. Oil separator for vehicle air system
US20070044656A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 General Electric Company Methods and systems for detecting filter rupture
US8029608B1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2011-10-04 BD Technology Partners Furnace filter indicator
US9552715B2 (en) 2015-04-27 2017-01-24 BD Technology Partners Networked filter condition indicator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4444727A (en) * 1979-12-18 1984-04-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Hydrogen gas purification apparatus
US4552570A (en) * 1980-05-02 1985-11-12 Pall Corporation Adsorbent fractionator with automatic cycle control and process
US4925619A (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Rod pressurization sensing apparatus
US5059952A (en) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-22 Wen Samuel C Survivor locator light with water-activated switches

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4444727A (en) * 1979-12-18 1984-04-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Hydrogen gas purification apparatus
US4552570A (en) * 1980-05-02 1985-11-12 Pall Corporation Adsorbent fractionator with automatic cycle control and process
US4925619A (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-05-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Rod pressurization sensing apparatus
US5059952A (en) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-22 Wen Samuel C Survivor locator light with water-activated switches

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5556603A (en) * 1992-01-24 1996-09-17 Saes Getters S.P.A. Process for the purification of hydrogen and a purifier therefor
US5630855A (en) * 1992-10-16 1997-05-20 Humanteknik Ab Moisture-collecting device
US6436352B1 (en) 1993-04-29 2002-08-20 Saes Getter, S.P.A. Hydrogen purification
US20030213173A1 (en) * 1993-06-29 2003-11-20 Weder Donald E. Sheets of material having a first printed pattern on an upper surface thereof and a second printed pattern on a lower surface thereof
US5560180A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-10-01 Sandar Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for tying bundles with a paper pulp strap
US5685895A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-11-11 Nikon Corporation Air cleaning apparatus used for an exposure apparatus
US5772732A (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-30 James; Terry Lynn Air handler filter monitoring apparatus and method
US6162281A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-12-19 Drager Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Device and process for displaying the exhaustion of a gas filter
US6416012B1 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-07-09 M.A. Industries, Inc. Apparatuses and methods for cutting and spooling paper
US6478849B1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-11-12 Dresser, Inc. Vapor recovery system for fuel storage tank
US6537347B2 (en) * 2001-01-26 2003-03-25 Omron Corporation Method for deciding on the timing of replacing a chemical filter, filter life detection sensor, chemical filter unit, and semiconductor manufacturing apparatus
US6660060B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-12-09 Hp Intellectual Corp. Air filtering system
US6610121B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-08-26 Hp Intellectual Corp. Odor removal system
US20040194595A1 (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-10-07 Wilmoth Bryan Nathan Systems, apparatuses and methods for cutting and spooling paper
US7290732B2 (en) 2003-01-23 2007-11-06 M.A. Industries, Inc. Systems, apparatuses and methods for cutting and spooling paper
US20040254739A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2004-12-16 Praxair, Inc. Life prediction for gas purifiers
US6889144B2 (en) * 2003-06-16 2005-05-03 Praxair Technology, Inc. Life prediction for gas purifiers
US20050092180A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Fornof William P. Oil separator for vehicle air system
US7285149B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2007-10-23 Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc Oil separator for vehicle air system
US20070044656A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 General Electric Company Methods and systems for detecting filter rupture
US7462220B2 (en) * 2005-08-31 2008-12-09 General Electric Company Methods and systems for detecting filter rupture
US8029608B1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2011-10-04 BD Technology Partners Furnace filter indicator
US9552715B2 (en) 2015-04-27 2017-01-24 BD Technology Partners Networked filter condition indicator
US9920947B2 (en) 2015-04-27 2018-03-20 BD Technology Partners Networked filter condition indicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1244156B (en) 1994-07-08
IT9022166A1 (en) 1992-05-23
IT9022166A0 (en) 1990-11-23

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