US5289140A - Consistent diagnostic test method using microwaves - Google Patents
Consistent diagnostic test method using microwaves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5289140A US5289140A US07/745,688 US74568891A US5289140A US 5289140 A US5289140 A US 5289140A US 74568891 A US74568891 A US 74568891A US 5289140 A US5289140 A US 5289140A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- microwave
- cavity
- sample
- energizing
- slide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
- H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5306—Improving reaction conditions, e.g. reduction of non-specific binding, promotion of specific binding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/705—Feed lines using microwave tuning
Definitions
- microwaves can be used for increasing chemical reaction rates and thereby shortening the time needed for reaching reaction equilibria. This fact is of importance in connection with diagnostic test procedures, and microwave ovens are already in use for reducing the time required for certain diagnostic tests, especially when it is essential to obtain the test results as fast as possible, e.g. in connection with surgical operations.
- Microwave ovens are also in common use for food preparation in professional and private kitchens, and present here also the drawback associated with uneven effects from the center of the oven towards the boundaries.
- the test procedure comprises several process steps, including pretreatment of the specimen e.g. with alcohol or acetone often followed by an enzymatic pretreatment with a proteolytic enzyme; the specimen is then subjected to a solution containing a specific antibody, which will react by coupling to the corresponding antigenic sites on the specimen; secondary antibodies carrying visualization agents may then be added to react with the primary antibody molecules tied to the antigens.
- the visualization agents may be a radioactive label, a fluorescent compound or an enzyme, which in a subsequent process step may give rise to a color reaction with other reagents added.
- the total time required for carrying out a test is usually in the range of 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the test system used; some test systems are developed especially for short reaction times by using high concentration of reagents and by other means, thereby reducing reaction times to the range of typically 15-30 minutes.
- the total reaction time for the above procedures may be reduced by exposing the specimen to microwave radiation during some or all of the process steps included in the test.
- microwave techniques are thus in principle very simple and requires no special skills other than the skills required for performing a standard diagnostic test without the use of microwaves. Given the considerable interest in shortening the time required for analysis it is therefore surprising that the technique has failed to gain acceptance for general use.
- the equipment--microwave ovens--used today for applying microwave radiation to test specimens in connection with diagnostic procedures gennerally have the serious drawback of giving a very uneven radiation intensity throughout the radiation chamber.
- the purpose of using microwave radiation is to reduce the reaction time required, but if radiation intensity is insufficient the chemical reaction will not proceed to the desired extent in the shortened time allotted to each process step; and if the radiation intensity is uneven in the area where the specimens are placed there will be a great uncertainty as to the extend to which the reaction has taken place, and thus an extra uncertainty is imposed on the test results.
- the radiation intensity can be evened out throughout a large part of the radiation chamber by modifying the source of radiation compared to the presently used microwave equipment.
- the present microwave equipment available on the market is to our knowledge limited to equipment having a microwave source emitting microwaves of a wavelength corresponding to the dimensions of the radiation chamber. As the result a standing wave is established, with its intensity being at maximum right in the middle of the chamber and declining towards the walls, where the intensity will be zero.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- the present invention comprises an improved microwave equipment, in which the microwave source emits waves of more than one wavelength.
- the microwave source or sources emits waves of two different wave lengths. Thereby a certain equilization of radiation intensity is obtained with a rather simple and inexpensive radiation source.
- the microwave source comprises two separate microwave sources, which in some cases may be more economical than having them combined.
- the two sources are controllable individually, whereby it becomes possible to further equalize the distribution of radiation intensity throughout the chamber by adjusting the intensity of each microwave of different wavelength in an optimal way.
- the microwave source or sources emits waves with a distinct number of wavelengths, e.g. three or four corresponding wavelengths. Thereby the pattern of wave intensity throughout the radiation chamber may be optimized.
- the microwave source comprises two or more separate microwave sources, which in some cases may be more economical than having them combined.
- the individual sources are controllable individually, whereby it becomes possible to further equalize the distribution of radiation intensity throughout the chamber by adjusting the intensity of each microwave of different wavelength in an optimal way.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention comprise a microwave equipment, in which the microwave source emits waves with a broad spectrum of wavelengths, e.g. in the form of "white noise".
- the microwave source emits waves with a broad spectrum of wavelengths, e.g. in the form of "white noise".
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention comprise a microwave equipment, in which the microwave source emits square waves with a spectrum of wavelengths including the 1st, 3rd, 5th etc. harmonics.
- the microwave equipment according to the above may preferably be built into suitable enclosures to eliminate radio frequency interference; said enclosures may further include other known features to make the equipment easy to use for routine purposes both in professional environment such as in the clinical laboratory and in private use e.g. for food preparation in professional or private kitchens.
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/745,688 US5289140A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1991-08-16 | Consistent diagnostic test method using microwaves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/745,688 US5289140A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1991-08-16 | Consistent diagnostic test method using microwaves |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5289140A true US5289140A (en) | 1994-02-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US07/745,688 Expired - Lifetime US5289140A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1991-08-16 | Consistent diagnostic test method using microwaves |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6571648B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2003-06-03 | Kansas Department Of Transportation | Method of accelerated aging of neat asphalt binder using microwave radiation process |
US6586713B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2003-07-01 | The University Of Miami | Apparatus for high quality, continuous throughput, tissue fixation-dehydration-fat removal-impregnation |
US6793890B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2004-09-21 | The University Of Miami | Rapid tissue processor |
US20050090017A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Morales Azorides R. | Simplified tissue processing |
US20090298172A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | Steven Paul Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment apparatus and method |
WO2012003827A3 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-08-02 | Dako Denmark A/S | Non-modal interplate microwave heating system and method of heating |
US10365189B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2019-07-30 | Steven Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2895828A (en) * | 1958-02-06 | 1959-07-21 | Gen Electric | Electronic heating methods and apparatus |
US3867607A (en) * | 1972-12-13 | 1975-02-18 | New Nippon Electric Co | Hybrid microwave heating apparatus |
US4314128A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1982-02-02 | Photowatt International, Inc. | Silicon growth technique and apparatus using controlled microwave heating |
-
1991
- 1991-08-16 US US07/745,688 patent/US5289140A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2895828A (en) * | 1958-02-06 | 1959-07-21 | Gen Electric | Electronic heating methods and apparatus |
US3867607A (en) * | 1972-12-13 | 1975-02-18 | New Nippon Electric Co | Hybrid microwave heating apparatus |
US4314128A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1982-02-02 | Photowatt International, Inc. | Silicon growth technique and apparatus using controlled microwave heating |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7547538B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2009-06-16 | The University Of Miami | High quality, continuous throughput, tissue processing |
US6586713B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2003-07-01 | The University Of Miami | Apparatus for high quality, continuous throughput, tissue fixation-dehydration-fat removal-impregnation |
US20040004075A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2004-01-08 | The University Of Miami, Harold Essenfeld | High quality, continuous throughput, tissue processing |
US6793890B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2004-09-21 | The University Of Miami | Rapid tissue processor |
US20080153127A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2008-06-26 | University Of Miami | High quality, continuous throughput, tissue processing |
US8221996B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2012-07-17 | The University Of Miami | High quality, continuous throughput, tissue processing |
US6571648B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2003-06-03 | Kansas Department Of Transportation | Method of accelerated aging of neat asphalt binder using microwave radiation process |
US20050090017A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Morales Azorides R. | Simplified tissue processing |
US20090136992A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2009-05-28 | The University Of Miami | Simplified tissue processing |
US7470401B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2008-12-30 | The University Of Miami | Simplified tissue processing |
US8288168B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2012-10-16 | The University Of Miami | Simplified tissue processing |
US20090298172A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | Steven Paul Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment apparatus and method |
US9366605B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2016-06-14 | Steven Paul Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment apparatus and method |
WO2012003827A3 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-08-02 | Dako Denmark A/S | Non-modal interplate microwave heating system and method of heating |
CN102804913A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-11-28 | 丹麦达科有限公司 | Non-modal interplate microwave heating system and method of heating |
US10281482B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2019-05-07 | Dako Denmark A/S | Non-modal interplate microwave heating system and method of heating |
US10365189B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2019-07-30 | Steven Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment |
US10641688B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2020-05-05 | Steven Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment |
US11885723B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2024-01-30 | Steven Wheeler | Histological specimen treatment |
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